Atropisomeric Flavoenzyme Models with a Modified Pyrimidine Ring (BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Bioorganic Reaction Theory)

Optically active 5-deazaflavin derivatives (3-aryl-10-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline- 2,4(3H,10H)-dione) with an axial chirality at the pyrimidine ring have been synthesized, and the physical properties of these compounds have been investigated. In addition, (net) hydride-transfer reactions with NAD(P)H analogs have been carried out to elucidate the stereochemistry at the transition state of the reactions

Study on Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Applications to New Functional Foods

In the present mini review, we describe 1) a new screening system for selecting probiotic strains from lactic acid bacteria (LAB), mainly Lactobacillus acidophilus group bacteria, with strong adhesion to the human intestinal tract, 2) characteristics of immunostimulative oligo DNA motifs in LAB (L. gasseri) strains and a new evaluation system with a transfectant expressing porcine Toll-1ike receptor 9 for selection of immunostimulative LABs, and 3) characteristics of antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins), especially gasericin A from L. gasseri LA39. In the future, it is expected that superior functional foods containing more effective probiotic LAB will be developed by the use of our proposed mass screening system

イギリスにおける特別な教育的ニーズをめぐる親の不服申し立て制度

本稿では，イギリスにおける特別な教育的ニーズをめぐる親の不服申し立て制度の現状と課題を考察することを目的とした。「1981年教育法」において導入された親の不服申し立て制度は，親の教育への関与の機会を拡大したという点で意義が認められたが，その一方で，①不服審査委員会の委員が地方教育当局によって選出されるため，独立した機関とはいえない，②委員会の決定が地方教育当局を拘束するものではない，（診委員会が特別な教育的ニーズの問題を専門に処理する機関ではない，③決定に至るまでに長期間を要する，といった点において問題が認められた。こうした欠点を補う目的で，「1993年教育法」において新たに「特別な教育的ニーズ審判所」が設置され，1994年9月より，その活動を開始した。本稿では，同委員会の機能，実情について，不服申し立てを受け付けてから2年間のデータに基づいて分析した。その結果，同委員会は，地方教育当局から独立した機関であり，その権限も強く，また，裁定に至る期間も短縮されたという点で大きな進展が認められた。しかし，その一方で，親が子どもの就学する学校に関する不服申し立てをした場合は，その申し立てが支持されにくい傾向にあることや，不服申し立ての件数にかなりの地域差が認められることなども明らかにされた。The parental appeal systems which were introduced by the EducationAct 1981 enlarged the rights of parents but some following problems were pointed out ; 1 ) The appeal committee members were selected by the local education authorities (LEAs), 2 ) The appeal committes hearing special educational needs have no power to overturn the LEAs\u27 decisions, 3 ) The appeal committes weren\u27t special agencies which exclusively dealt with the cases of special educational needs, and 4 ) It took long time to reach decisions. The new appeal systems were introduced under the 1993 Education Act in order to address the problems mentioned above. It was very important that the Act established the independent Special EducationalNeeds Tribunals whose decisions were binding over LEAs and that this systems shortend the period during which appeals were dealt with. But it was found that the appeals concerning the placement tended to be rejected