A Monte-Carlo based relativistic radiation hydrodynamics code with a higher-order scheme

We develop a new relativistic radiation hydrodynamics code based on the Monte-Carlo algorithm. In this code, we implement a new scheme to achieve the second-order accuracy in time in the limit of a large packet number for solving the interaction between matter and radiation. This higher-order time integration scheme is implemented in the manner to guarantee the energy-momentum conservation to the precision of the geodesic integrator. The spatial dependence of radiative processes, such as the packet propagation, emission, absorption, and scattering, are also taken into account up to the second-order accuracy. We validate our code by solving various test-problems following the previous studies; one-zone thermalization, dynamical diffusion, radiation dragging, radiation mediated shock-tube, shock-tube in the optically thick limit, and Eddington limit problems. We show that our code reproduces physically appropriate results with reasonable accuracy and also demonstrate that the second-order accuracy in time and space is indeed achieved with our implementation for one-zone and one-dimensional problems.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, submitted to PR

Differentiable Sparse Optimal Control

This letter develops a framework for differentiating sparse optimal control inputs with respect to cost parameters. The difficulty lies in the non-smoothness induced by a sparsity-enhancing regularizer. To avoid this, we identify the optimal inputs as a unique zero point of a function using the proximal technique. This enables us to characterize the differentiability and employ the implicit function theorem. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using a numerical example of inverse optimal control

Structured Hammerstein-Wiener Model Learning for Model Predictive Control

This paper aims to improve the reliability of optimal control using models constructed by machine learning methods. Optimal control problems based on such models are generally non-convex and difficult to solve online. In this paper, we propose a model that combines the Hammerstein-Wiener model with input convex neural networks, which have recently been proposed in the field of machine learning. An important feature of the proposed model is that resulting optimal control problems are effectively solvable exploiting their convexity and partial linearity while retaining flexible modeling ability. The practical usefulness of the method is examined through its application to the modeling and control of an engine airpath system.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

A low-mass binary neutron star: long-term ejecta evolution and kilonovae with weak blue emission

We study the long-term evolution of ejecta formed in a binary neutron star (BNS) merger that results in a long-lived remnant NS by performing a hydrodynamics simulation with the outflow data of a numerical relativity simulation as the initial condition. At the homologously expanding phase, the total ejecta mass reaches $\approx0.1\,M_\odot$ with an average velocity of $\approx0.1\,c$ and lanthanide fraction of $\approx 0.005$. We further perform the radiative transfer simulation employing the obtained ejecta profile. We find that, contrary to a naive expectation from the large ejecta mass and low lanthanide fraction, the optical emission is not as bright as that in GW170817/AT2017gfo, while the infrared emission can be brighter. This light curve property is attributed to preferential diffusion of photons toward the equatorial direction due to the prolate ejecta morphology, large opacity contribution of Zr, Y, and lanthanides, and low specific heating rate of the ejecta. Our results suggest that these light curve features could be used as an indicator for the presence of a long-lived remnant NS. We also found that the bright optical emission broadly consistent with GW170817/AT2017gfo is realized for the case that the high-velocity ejecta components in the polar region are suppressed. These results suggest that the remnant in GW170817/AT2017gfo is unlikely to be a long-lived NS, but might have collapsed to a black hole within ${\cal O}(0.1)$ s.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figures, submitted to Ap

Stargazer: Long-Term and Multiregional Measurement of Timing/ Geolocation-Based Cloaking

Malicious hosts have come to play a significant and varied role in today's cyber attacks. Some of these hosts are equipped with a technique called cloaking, which discriminates between access from potential victims and others and then returns malicious content only to potential victims. This is a serious threat because it can evade detection by security vendors and researchers and cause serious damage. As such, cloaking is being extensively investigated, especially for phishing sites. We are currently engaged in a long-term cloaking study of a broader range of threats. In the present study, we implemented Stargazer, which actively monitors malicious hosts and detects geographic and temporal cloaking, and collected 30,359,410 observations between November 2019 and February 2022 for 18,397 targets from 13 sites where our sensors are installed. Our analysis confirmed that cloaking techniques are widely abused, i.e., not only in the context of specific threats such as phishing. This includes geographic and time-based cloaking, which is difficult to detect with single-site or one-shot observations. Furthermore, we found that malicious hosts that perform cloaking include those that survive for relatively long periods of time, and those whose contents are not present in VirusTotal. This suggests that it is not easy to observe and analyze the cloaking malicious hosts with existing technologies. The results of this study have deepened our understanding of various types of cloaking, including geographic and temporal ones, and will help in the development of future cloaking detection methods

Salvage Photodynamic Therapy Using Talaporfin Sodium for Local Failure of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

[Background] Talaporfin sodium photodynamic therapy (TS-PDT) for local failure after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has recently been reported to be highly effective and less invasive, compared to other treatment modalities. TS-PDT was recently introduced at the Tottori University Hospital, Japan. The aim of this study is to clarify the efficacy and safety of PDT in our hospital. [Methods] This was a single-center observational study. We examined eight cases of TS-PDT performed between January 2016 and December 2019. The main endpoints were local complete remission (L-CR) rate and the adverse events. In addition, age, gender, histology, tumor location, TNM stage, tumor depth, irradiation dose, and overall survival (OS) were examined. [Results] The patients included 7 men and a woman, with an average age of 72.1 years (range 63–82 years). The baseline clinical stages before CRT or radiotherapy were stage I in 1, stage II in 3, stage III in 3, and stage IVA in 1 patient. The T stage on endoscopic assessment before TS-PDT was T1 in 6 patients and T2 in 2 patients. Treatment outcomes and adverse events were evaluated. There were no treatment-related deaths, and no significant adverse events occurred intraoperatively or postoperatively. The L-CR rate was 7/8 (87.5%); T1 cases had 100% (6/6) L-CR, while T2 cases had 50% (1/2). The 2-year OS rates were 87%. [Conclusion] TS-PDT was observed to be safe and effective in the first eight cases of its application following its introduction in our hospital

子宮内膜側に発症する (Subtypel) 子宮腺筋症は黄体ホルモン療法による多量性器出血の危険因子である

We aimed to retrospectively analyze the risk factors of a continuous dienogest (DNG) therapy for serious unpredictable bleeding in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. This is a retrospective study based on data extracted from medical records of 84 women treated with 2 mg of DNG orally each day between 2008 and 2017. 47 subjects were excluded from the original analyses due to an inadequate subcategorization into subtype I and subtype II and a lack of hemoglobin levels. The influence of various independent variables on serious unpredictable bleeding was assessed. Of the 37 eligible patients who received the continuous DNG therapy, 14 patients experienced serious unpredictable bleeding. Univariate analysis revealed that the serious bleeding group had subtype I adenomyosis (P = 0.027). There was no correlation between age, parity, minimum hemoglobin level before treatment, previous endometrial curettage, and duration of DNG administration, or uterine or adenomyosis size and the serious bleeding. A DNG-related serious unpredictable bleeding is associated with the structural type of adenomyosis (subtype I) in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis.博士（医学）・甲第800号・令和3年9月29日© The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

化学療法を施行した膵癌患者に対する喫煙の影響

OBJECTIVE: Smoking may affect pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents and hemodynamics of the smokers, thereby influencing adverse events and efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC). The aim of this study was to clarify how smoking totally affected patients with PC receiving current chemotherapy. METHODS: We evaluated the impact of smoking status on the performance of chemotherapy and survival in 262 patients with PC including 158 resectable and 104 unresectable PC. RESULTS: There were more male and younger patients in current smokers than in nonsmokers. In unresectable PC, current smokers had more metastatic tumors than locally advanced tumors compared with nonsmokers. In current smokers receiving chemotherapy, the baseline white blood cell count, neutrophil count, and hemoglobin concentration were significantly higher in current smokers than in nonsmokers. Furthermore, grades 3 to 4 neutropenia was observed more often in nonsmokers than smokers. On the other hand, the performance and efficacy of the planned adjuvant chemotherapy were similar between smokers and nonsmokers. More importantly, there was no significant difference in overall prognosis between smokers and nonsmokers receiving chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status has no significant impact on the efficacy of current chemotherapy for both resectable and unresectable PC.博士（医学）・乙第1393号・平成29年3月15日Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in "http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MPA.0000000000000395