Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme to have Knowledge of Home Management in Bronchial Asthma among selected population at Keezh Seezamangalam Village, Kancheepuram District

Effectiveness of structured teaching programme to have knowledge of home management in bronchial asthma among selected population at Keezh Seezamangalam village, Kancheepuram District. OBJECTIVES : To assess the knowledge of the selected population at Keezh seesamangalam about home management of bronchial asthma. To evaluate effectiveness of structured teaching programme to home management of bronchial asthma among selected population at Keezh seesamangalam. To explore the association between selected demographic variables with the knowledge score among the people residisng at keezh seesamangalam. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: EFFECTIVENESS :- It refers to a significance increase in the level of knowledge of the population after teaching programme regarding home management of bronchial asthma. KNOWLEDGE: It means the fact, skills and understanding that have gained through learning and experience. STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME: It refers to system of planned instruction designed to instruct and illustrate to acquire knowledge about home management of bronchial asthma. HOME MANAGEMENT: It refers to adopt providing honey, garlic cloves, figs, fenugreek seeds, ginger and turmeric.etc. This is available at home to prevent complications and severity of bronchial asthma. BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: It refers to recurrent attacks of paroxysmal dyspnea with wheezing due to spasmodic contraction of the bronchi. It is usually either an allergic manifestation. SUMMARY: The present study was conducted to assess effectiveness of structured teaching programme to have knowledge of home management in bronchial asthma among selected population at Keezhu Seezamangalam Village, Kancheepuram District. Quasi experimental research design was used for this study .100 people who met inclusion criteria had been selected from keezhu seesamagalam village by using simple random sampling technique. The investigator first introduced himself to the people and developed a rapport with them. The pre test was conducted with the questionnaire given to the people regarding knowledge of home management in bronchial asthma after Seven days the post test was conducted by using same evaluation tool. The data collected was grouped and analyzed by using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. CONCLUSION: In pretest out of 100 people, 76(76%) people had inadequate knowledge and 24(24%) had moderately adequate knowledge. In posttest 31 (31%) had moderately adequate knowledge and 69(69%) had adequate knowledge. The „t‟ value 31.721 was compared with tabulated table value at the level of P< 0.05 was significant .So if has been concluded that the structured teaching programme on knowledge of home management of bronchial asthma was effective

Production of cellulase and laccase enzymes by Oudemansiella radicata using agro wastes under solid-state and submerged conditions

Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan ex Fr.) is one of the medicinally important edible mushrooms belonging to Tricholomataceae. In the present study we reported the efficient production of cellulase and laccase enzymes by O. radicata under submerged (SMF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentations. O. radicata had grown well both in submerged and solid-state conditions. Under submerged condition the maximum cellulase activity (490 units / ml / min) was observed. In the case of SSF the maximum cellulase activity was observed as 400 units / ml / min in wheat bran, followed by rice bran (367 units / ml / min). In the case of laccase production, the maximum activity was observed as 1.476 units / ml / min on 14th day at pH 7 under SMF. In solid substrate fermentation the maximum activity was noticed as 25.784 units / ml / min in rice bran. The next higher activity was 11.473 units / ml / min in wheat bran, and the least activity was recorded with saw dust. Higher levels of laccase and cellulase activity were seen in solid-state fermentation than in submerged fermentation. Hence the present results clearly explain that O. radicata is a potential candidate for the production of industrially important enzymes using agro-wastes

PREVALENCE OF CEPHALOSPORIN-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES

ABSTRACTObjective: Beta-lactams are the group of antibiotics that contain a ring called as beta-lactam ring,†which is responsible for the antibacterial activity.The presence of resistance among Gram-negative organisms is due to the production of beta-lactamases enzymes that hydrolysis the beta-lactam ringthereby conferring resistance to the organism. This study is undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)producing Gram-negative organism from clinical samples.Methods: A total of 112 clinical samples were taken for this study. The combined disc synergistic test (CDST) was used for the phenotypic detectionof ESBL producers from the clinical samples. The genotypic identification of ESBL producers was carried out by alkaline lysis method by isolation ofplasmid DNA.Result: A total of 87 bacterial isolates were isolated and identified. Among them, Klebsiella (41%) was the predominant organism followed byEscherichia coli (33%), Proteus (10%), Pseudomonas (10%), and Serratia (6%). Among the various bacterial isolates, Klebsiella showed a higherpercentage of resistance. The CDST showed that 8 isolates of Klebsiella, 3 isolates of E. coli, and 1 isolate of Pseudomonas were found to be ESBLproducers. The genotypic confirmation showed that the two bacterial isolates, namely, Klebsiella and E. coli were found to possess temoniera (TEM)gene which was the 400-500 bp conferring resistance to the antibiotics.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that early detection of ESBL producing Gram-negative organism is a very important step in planning thetherapy of patient in Hospitals. CDST continues to be a good indicator in the detection of ESBL producers.Keywords: Beta-lactamases, Gram-negative bacilli, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Resistance, Combined disc synergistic test.Â

Population growth, nauplii production and post-embryonic development of Pseudodiaptomus annandalei (Sewell, 1919) in response to temperature, light intensity, pH, salinity and diets

1000-1009The present attempt revealed influence of salinity, temperature, pH, light intensity and diet on survival, fecundity, population density and embryonic development of the marine calanoid copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei. Various levels of salinity viz., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 ppt; temperature (21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 36 °C); pH (6.5, 7, 7.5, 8.0, and 8.5); light intensity (500, 1500, 3000, and 4500 lux); and different microalgal feed viz., Chlorella marina (CHL), Isochrysis galbana (ISO), Tetraselmis suecica (TET), Nannochloropsis occulata (NAN), Dunaliella salina (DUN), Picochlorum maculatum (PICO) and mixed microalgae (MIX) at equal ratio were employed to determine the impact on biology of P. annandalei. The better survival and reproduction was achieved under the salinity 25 ppt, temperature 27 °C, pH 8, light intensity 500 lux and with ISO diet. The developmental time was recorded to be short at 25 ppt, 30 ºC, pH 8 and light intensity 500 lux with ISO diet. Although, the highest yield was obtained under those parameter regimes, P. annandalei seems to be optimistic with wide range of environmental conditions. This study has confirmed that P. annandalei can be cultured at commercial scale as aqua feed and as model organism in toxicity experiments

Construction novel highly active photocatalytic H2 evolution over noble-metal-free trifunctional Cu3P/CdS nanosphere decorated g-C3N4 nanosheet

Hydrogen energy possesses immense potential in developing a green renewable energy system. However, a significant problem still exists in improving the photocatalytic H2 production activity of metal-free graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based photocatalysts. Here is a novel Cu3P/CdS/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite for increasing photocatalytic H2 evolution activity. In this study, systematic characterizations have been carried out using techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectra, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface area analysis (BET), electrochemical impedance (EIS), and transient photocurrent response measurements. Surprisingly, the improved 3CP/Cd-6.25CN photocatalyst displays a high H2 evolution rate of 125721 μmol h−1 g−1. The value obtained exceeds pristine g-C3N4 and Cu3P/CdS by 339.8 and 7.6 times, respectively. This could be the maximum rate of hydrogen generation for a g–C3N4–based ternary nanocomposite ever seen when exposed to whole solar spectrum and visible light (λ > 420 nm). This research provides fresh perspectives on the rational manufacture of metal-free g-C3N4 based photocatalysts that will increase the conversion of solar energy. By reusing the used 3CP/Cd/g-C3N4 photocatalyst in five consecutive runs, the stability of the catalyst was investigated, and their individual activity in the H2 production activity was assessed. To comprehend the reaction mechanisms and emphasise the value of synergy between the three components, several comparison systems are built

Naked eye detection of nitric oxide release from nitrosothiols aided by gold nanoparticles

In this work we have demonstrated that nitric oxide can be monitored spectrophotometrically using cyclodextrin encapsulated ferrocene. The detection course showed the colour change from yellow to blue which can be detected with the naked eye. Also we describe the catalytic effect of gold nanoparticles in enhancing nitric oxide release from S-nitrosothiols

Effect Of Toxoplasma Gondi Profilin Exposure On High Density Lipoprotein (Hdl) Level In Normal And Hypercaloric Diet Induced Rattus Norvegicus Wistar Strain Rats

Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoa that causes toxoplasmosis. It is produces in cats, stray cats and domestic is the definitive host. Profilin is a small actinbinding protein that affects the actin cytoskeleton. and it can be found alone in all eukaryotic kingdoms. Profilin interacts with several molecules such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate proline-containing proteins, and actinrelated proteins. Via singal transduction this interaction will connect the profilin so that there will be a reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. It has been known for some time that T. gondii is not capable of synthesizing cholesterol (Chl), and thus depends on uptake of host Chl for its own development. Chl metabolism in mammalian cells involves direct transport of preformed sterol from the liver in the form of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) to the periphery. In fact, it has been shown that T. gondii acquires host Chl via endocytosis mediated by the LDL receptor or the LDL receptor-related protein. This shows that Toxoplasma depends on the host for Chl and uptaking it via LDL receptor. This may explain the fact that, the endocytosis causing the LDL level to increase, directly causing the HDL level to decrease. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Toxoplasma gondii profilin exposure on HDL levels in normal and hypercaloric induced Rattus Norvegicus Strain Wistar rats. The research is a experimental study in the laboratory with true experimental – posttest control-group design only. The experiment was conducted at the Pharmacology Lab and Parasitology Lab of Medical Faculty University of Brawijaya. Result of Kruskal Walis test, (P = 0.252; α = ≥0.05), shows that there were not any significant difference on HDL levels in all groups. The result of correlation coefficient shows the majority of groups, show a weak correlation between Toxoplasma gondii profilin exposure HDL level with negative direction. It can be concluded that, Toxoplasma gondii profilin does not influence the HDL level in Rattus Norvegivus Wistar Strain rats

ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM MUSHROOMS OF INDIAN ISOLATES

ABSTRACT Biodiversity study on mushrooms of basidiomycetes was initiated and more than seven hundred species were described by Natarajan and associates during 1975-2008 from South India. But the bio-documentation of many medicinal mushrooms were initiated a decade ago by Vaidya and associates from Western India, Janardhanan and associates from Kerala and Kaviyarasan and associates from South India. Lentinus tuberregium, Neolentinus kauffmanii and Agaricus heterocystis, were studied for their medicinal properties such as antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. These indigenous mushrooms are effective against many cancer lines and induce apoptosis and results in tumor cell death. Antiangiogenesis effect of Trametes hirsuta extract was well established with fertilized hen eggs. These results, clearly established their candidature for drug formulations. Two novel anticancer compounds extracted from Lentinus tuberregium were filed for patent for their anticancer properties. Polysaccharides from Tramates hirusuta, an indigenous isolate was also very effective against many cancer lines. Currently few more edible mushrooms are being studied for their medicinal properties