PAPR Reduction with Amplitude Clipping & Filtering, SLM & PTS Techniques for MIMO-OFDM System: A Brief Review

Nowadays MIMO-OFDM has become a popular technique for 4G wireless communications. OFDM technique combined with multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver point to high data rate, low complexity and diversity. One of the major drawbacks in the MIMO-OFDM is high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR).Clipping & Filtering, Selective Mapping (SLM), Partial Transmit Sequence (PTS) are some of the techniques which minimizes the PAPR. In this review paper, different techniques of PAPR reduction have been studied

An algorithm for piece-wise indefinite quadratic programming problem

An indefinite quadratic programming problem is a mathematical programming problem which is a product of two linear factors. In this paper, the piecewise indefinite quadratic programming problem (PIQPP) is considered. Here, the objective function is a product of two continuous piecewise linear functions defined on a non-empty and compact feasible region. In the present paper, the optimality criterion is derived and explained in order to solve PIQPP. While solving PIQPP, we will come across certain variables which will not satisfy the optimality condition. For these variables, cases have been elaborated so as to move from one basic feasible solution to another till we reach the optimality. An algorithmic approach is proposed and discussed for the PIQPP problem. A numerical example is presented to decipher the tendered method

Multi-layer Defense Against Malware Attacks on Smartphone Wi-Fi Access Channel

AbstractWith increase in Smartphone users, uses have also increased such as email, gaming, internet banking etc. which requires it to always remain connected with Wi-Fi, thus making it vulnerable to numerous attacks. The endeavour in this paper is to explore Smartphone malware and combat challenges associated with it. Authors have proposed a novel three layer security model which detect and defence against the malware attack in network traffic and communication access point. Fine grained channel permission system is used to grant the permission to access the Wi-Fi access point thus providing security when any communication session takes place between Smartphone user and server though SSL handshake protocol. It also helps in detection of the interval time between packets sent and received which give impetus for threshold value used by TMM-HDT algorithm

Fetomaternal outcome in caesarean section at full dilatation

Background: To study indications, intraoperative and postoperative complications and fetomaternal outcome in cesarean sections done at full dilatation.Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, RNT medical college, Udaipur from November 2018 to April 2019. 100 cases of caesarean sections at full dilatation which were performed during this period were analyzed for indications and maternal and fetal morbidity.Results: Among these 100 cesarean sections, majority of cases were in the age group of 21-30 years (46%), booked and  Primigravida(81%).Most common indications were cephalo-pelvic disproportion (27%) and fetal distress (21%). Most commonly baby was delivered either by vertex (44%) or by Patwardhan (31%). Intraoperative complications were higher in terms of hematuria in 41%, Atonic PPH in 35%, uterine incision extension in 28% of cases. In one case bladder injury was noticed. Increased incidence of post-operative febrile illness and wound infection were noted. 44% baby’s required nursery admission, most commonly due to birth asphyxia (16%) and RDS (11%).Conclusions: Cesarean section in the 2nd stage of labor is associated with significantly increased maternal morbidity, Neonatal morbidity and mortality. So proper monitoring during labor and involvement of skilled obstetrician in decision making and delivery is crucial to minimize fetomaternal complications

Study of route of hysterectomy

Background: The objective is to study complication rate, advantages and outcome of different route of hysterectomy.Methods: A prospective study of 175 women over a period of 1 year i.e. from 01/01/2011 to 31/12/2011 SSG hospital, Vadodara. Depending on the patient profile, experience of surgeon optimum route of hysterectomy was decided.Results mean operating time in AH group was 68.4±14.4min, which was 80±10.3min, 115.8±40.6min and 148.8±25.5min in NDVH, LAVH and TLH group respectively. TLH was performed by consultants. Febrile morbidity was significantly high in AH (23%). Bladder and ureteral injuries were seen in 4% and 3% cases of NDVH and AH group. Wound complications were seen in AH (10%), whereas vault complications were higher in TLH. The hospital stay was shortest in TLH. Women with TLH had early ambulation, early resumption to normal diet, early return to routine work and better sexual function.Conclusions: Women with excessively enlarged uteri, significant pelvic pathology, or cancer are obvious candidates for AH. On the other hand, VH is frequently chosen for the small uterus in a multiparous woman with a large pelvis and no prior pelvic inflammatory disease or surgery. Although TLH, LAVH have significantly lower complication rate than AH, but overall cost is higher owing to the high operating room charges. The final selection of hysterectomy route should be based on surgeon’s experience and indication for surgery

Problem Solving Ability & Locality as The Influential Factors of Academic Achievement Among High School Students

Academic achievement of the pupil is the prime concern of educational process. The problem solving ability has been playing a significant role in determining student’s academic achievement. Keeping this in view, the present study was designed to examine empirically the effect of problem solving ability on the academic achievement of rural and urban school students. The research was conducted on 250 school students (118 rural & 132 urban) studying in 10th class CBSE affiliated private schools that were randomly selected from Rohtak district of Haryana State. Descriptive survey method was used to elicit opinion of rural & urban school students about their problem solving ability and their academic achievement at school. The problem solving ability of sample was assessed by using Dubey’s Problem Solving Ability Test (2006) & for academic achievement of students, the school records i.e. marks obtained by the students in previous (IXth) class was considered. The data was analyzed statistically by using ANOVA supplemented by t-test. The findings of the study revealed that problem solving ability had significant effect on the academic achievement of the students whereas significant difference was observed in the academic achievement of students studied in urban and rural schools. However, the significant interaction effects of locality and problem solving ability on the academic achievement of the students had been found

The role of fungi in biodeterioration of sandstone with reference to Mahadev temple, Bastar, Chhatisgarh

Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. Additionally, stone objects may support novel communities of microorganisms that are active in biodeterioration process. This investigation focuses on mycological analysis of microbial biofilm from Mahadev temple, made of sandstone, and which was heavily colonized by fungi. The 22 fungal flora including filamentous micro fungi with specific distribution on sandstone substrate was isolated. During the investigation period it was observed that Aspergillus Scalrotium was found as dominant. The identified micro fungi cause discoloration, as well as mechanical exfoliation of building stone material that was analyzed through mechanical hyphae penetration and production of dark pigments and organic acids

CYTOLOGY OF BREAST LESIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN A NORTHERN INDIAN STATE OF HIMALAYAS.

Background: Palpable breast lump, breast pain, and nipple discharge are common symptoms of breast disease. Breast cytology (fine-needle aspiration, nipple discharge smear, and touch preparation) accurately identifies benign, atypical, and malignant pathological changes in breast specimens. This study aims to determine the types of breast lesions diagnosed by breast cytology and assess the clinical adequacy of narrative reporting of breast cytology results. Methods: Medical records of 390 patients presenting to breast or general surgery clinics in Dr. Rajendra Prasad Medical College, Tanda between four years were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of the 390 diagnosed breast lesions, 89.7 % (n = 350) occurred in females, while 10.3 % (n = 40) occurred in males, giving rise to a female-to-male ratio of 8.8:1. Neoplastic breast lesions (n = 296) comprised 75.9 %, while non-neoplastic breast lesions (n = 94) comprised 24.1 % of all diagnosed breast lesions. The neoplastic lesions were classified as 72.3 % (n = 214) benign and 27.7 % (n = 82) malignant, resulting in a benign-to-malignant ratio of 2.6:1. Fibroadenoma (n = 136) and gynecomastia (n = 33) were the most frequently diagnosed breast lesions for women and men, respectively. Conclusions: Breast cytology effectively diagnosed neoplastic and non-neoplastic breast lesions. Neoplastic breast lesions occurred more frequently in women whereas non-neoplastic lesions occurred more frequently in men. To address the limitations associated with narrative reporting of breast cytology results, a synoptic reporting format incorporating the United Kingdom’s National Health Service Breast Screening Programme’s diagnostic categories (C1 to C5) is recommended for adoption by this hospital

Myconanotechnology and application of nanoparticles in biology

To develop a new green approach for biosynthesis of nanoparticles, myconanotechnology has been represented as a novel field of study in nanotechnology. Several scientists have re-explored the fungi including yeasts and filamentous fungi as a biofactory for eco-friendly, cost-effective synthesis of nanoparticles. The advantageous of fungal-mediated biosynthesis of nanoparticles have turned the attention of scientists to the kingdom of fungi. The most notable benefits of applying fungi in nanoscience are their resistance to many harsh conditions as well as secretion of extracellular reductive proteins so that it makes the downstream processes easier. This review focuses on general introduction, synthesis of nanoparticles through fungi and its application in biology

Implementing pediatric inpatient asthma pathways.

ObjectivePathways are succinct, operational versions of evidence-based guidelines. Studies have demonstrated pathways improve quality of care for children hospitalized with asthma, but we have limited information on other key factors to guide hospital leaders and clinicians in pathway implementation efforts. Our objective was to evaluate the adoption, implementation, and reach of inpatient pediatric asthma pathways.MethodsThis was a mixed-methods study of hospitals participating in a national collaborative to implement pathways. Data sources included electronic surveys of implementation leaders and staff, field observations, and chart review of children ages 2-17 years admitted with a primary diagnosis of asthma. Outcomes included adoption by hospitals, pathway implementation factors, and reach of pathways to children hospitalized with asthma. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable regression. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic content analysis.ResultsEighty-five hospitals enrolled; 68 (80%) adopted/completed the collaborative. These 68 hospitals implemented pathways with overall high fidelity, implementing a median of 5 of 5 core pathway components (Interquartile Range [IQR] 4-5) in a median of 5 months (IQR 3-9). Implementation teams reported a median time cost of 78 h (IQR: 40-120) for implementation. Implementation leaders reported the values of pathway implementation included improvements in care, enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration, and access to educational resources. Leaders reported barriers in modifying electronic health records (EHRs), and only 63% of children had electronic pathway orders placed.ConclusionsHospitals implemented pathways with high fidelity. Barriers in modifying EHRs may have limited the reach of pathways to children hospitalized with asthma