Effects of Rosiglitazone with Insulin Combination Therapy on Oxidative Stress and Lipid Profile in Left Ventricular Muscles of Diabetic Rats

. Purpose. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that rosiglitazone (RSG) with insulin is able to quench oxidative stress initiated by high glucose through prevention of NAD(P)H oxidase activation. Methods and Materials. Male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into an untreated control group (C), a diabetic group (D) that was treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (45 mgkg −1 ), and rosiglitazone group that was treated with RSG twice daily by gavage and insulin once daily by subcutaneous injection (group B). HbA1c and blood glucose levels in the circulation and malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine levels in left ventricular muscle were measured. Result. Treatment of D rats with group B resulted in a time-dependent decrease in blood glucose. We found that the lipid profile and HbA1c levels in group B reached the control group D rat values at the end of the treatment period. There was an increase in 3-nitrotyrosine levels in group D compared to group C. Malondialdehyde and 3-nitrotyrosine levels were found to be decreased in group B compared to group D (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Our data suggests that the treatment of diabetic rats with group B for 8 weeks may decrease the oxidative/nitrosative stress in left ventricular tissue of rats. Thus, in diabetes-related vascular diseases, group B treatment may be cardioprotective

Mullerian inhibiting substance expression in papillary thyroid cancer

SummaryObjectiveTo examine the expression of Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) in papillary thyroid cancer.Materials and methodsThe MIS expression was examined by studying the immunohistochemistry in deparafinized sections prepared from tissue blocks of patients who were diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer, as given in the pathology archive records (n = 23).ResultsIn all the cases studied, 50% (n = 10) showed strong staining and 50% showed moderate staining. The percentage of staining was found to be 94.2 ± 3.1% in strongly stained cases and 92.2 ± 2.1% in moderately stained cases. Normal thyroid tissues neighboring the tumor did not display any staining.ConclusionThe MIS expression can be used as a significant tool in differential diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer and also to shed light on its etiopathogenesis

Meta-analysis of cancer gene expression signatures reveals new cancer genes, SAGE tags and tumor associated regions of co-regulation

Cancer is among the major causes of human death and its mechanism(s) are not fully understood. We applied a novel meta-analysis approach to multiple sets of merged serial analysis of gene expression and microarray cancer data in order to analyze transcriptome alterations in human cancer. Our methodology, which we denote ‘COgnate Gene Expression patterNing in tumours’ (COGENT), unmasked numerous genes that were differentially expressed in multiple cancers. COGENT detected well-known tumor-associated (TA) genes such as TP53, EGFR and VEGF, as well as many multi-cancer, but not-yet-tumor-associated genes. In addition, we identified 81 co-regulated regions on the human genome (RIDGEs) by using expression data from all cancers. Some RIDGEs (28%) consist of paralog genes while another subset (30%) are specifically dysregulated in tumors but not in normal tissues. Furthermore, a significant number of RIDGEs are associated with GC-rich regions on the genome. All assembled data is freely available online (www.oncoreveal.org) as a tool implementing COGENT analysis of multi-cancer genes and RIDGEs. These findings engender a deeper understanding of cancer biology by demonstrating the existence of a pool of under-studied multi-cancer genes and by highlighting the cancer-specificity of some TA-RIDGEs

Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial

Background: The EMPA KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. Methods: EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. Findings: Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5–2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62–0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16–1·59), representing a 50% (42–58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). Interpretation: In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. Funding: Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council

Breast cancer screening: An outpatient clinic study

Introduction: Systematic screening for breast cancer is performed to reduce the current mortality rate and incidence by diagnosing the patients during the early stage and asymptomatic phase of the disease. A high quality screening program may produce a long-lasting decrease in mortality only if the treatment is of an equal standard. Patients and Method: 350 patients’ medical records, including breast physical examinations, age, gender, mammography findings, number of gravidity, parity and abortion, curettage, whether or not there is systemic and endocrinological disease present and pelvic masses were analyzed retrospectively. Result: Most of the patients (91.1%) had no breast pathological findings. 2.6% of patients had fibroadenoma and 4.6% had fibrocystic breast changes exhibited through mammography. One patient was found to have a breast mass. In that patient, tru-cut biopsy revealed infiltrating ducal carcinoma. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary cancer screening program should be maintained. With such a process, the aim is to reduce the morbidity and mortality of the disease without adversely affecting the health conditions of asymptomatic individuals based on the screening. Success is brought about by the combination of individual features. [Arch Clin Exp Surg 2017; 6(1.000): 23-27

REAL TIME IMPLEMANTATION OF LMS BEAMFORMER FOR cdma2000 3G SYSTEM USING TI TMS320C6701 DSP

ABSTRACT Digital Signal Processor (DSP) is an emerging technology that offers great opportunities for the development of future wireless communications systems. In this paper, we demonstrate an implementation of real time adaptive beamforming for cdma2000 reverse link using TI C6701 DSP. We consider that the DSP executes least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm for the beamformer weight vector computation. The results show that the system can handle computation of optimum weight vector within reasonable time for 3G applications. The computed weight vector is observed to steer the main beam of the antenna array towards the desired signal direction. Complexity and execution time of the algorithm increase with the number of antenna elements

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES ON ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAT DIAPHRAGM MUSCLE

WOS: 000455562500025The electrical properties of the diaphragm muscle low and high temperatures have been studied at previous studies, but there is very little information in the literature as to what changes occur during temperature changes. Therefore, this experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of temperature changes on electrical properties of Wistar rat diaphragm muscle in vitro. Muscle strips were removed from the ventral-costal regions of rat diaphragm muscles, placed into the organ baths containing Krebs solution and recorded at 22, 25, 30, 35 and 37 degrees C. Parameters (depolarization time, half repolarization time, amplitude, overshoot, and latency) of action potential and resting membrane potential measured by using the conventional glass capillary electrodes at different temperatures. Though not significant, amplitude of resting membrane potential was observed to decrease when temperature was increased from 22 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Also, the significant decrements in parameters of action potential occurred with increasing temperature. Our results demonstrated that in rat diaphragm muscle, action potential parameters are temperature-sensitive because depolarization time, half repolarization time, amplitude, overshoot, and latency were significantly reduced with rising temperature

Electrical responses of aortic smooth muscle in streptozotocin - Induced diabetes rats

WOS: 000239590001486

The effects of high-rate frequency modulation treatment on malondialdehyde in diabetic polineuropaty

WOS: 000239590003627