Manage the Barriers to the Control and Prevention of Hepatitis B in the Community

Hepatitis B virus, the most infectious health burden worldwide. Significant HBV in community. HBV infection is prevailing all around rapidly. Factors to proceed HBV. Poor cognition regarding hepatitis B, undeveloped education about health care, severe stigma in society , and also the unsatisfactory medical services. Barriers : Lack of proper diagnosis and treat due to the lack of awareness about it ,lack of health care providence  Conclusion: Improvement in education about health services and treatment can make this all better and this may be achievable through well organized and targeted community based screening and educational interventions. Keywords: Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-06 Publication date: December 31st 201

Stranger guests : a socio-economic analysis of hosting refugees and asylum seekers in the UK

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

ANALYSIS OF FREQUENCY OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT AND BLINDNESS AMONG OLDER POPULATION

Introduction: Visual impairment is a major global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there were 161 million persons worldwide with visual impairment, in the year 2002. Aims and objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyze the frequency of visual impairment and blindness among older population. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in THQ Hospital, Jatoi, Muzaffargarh during March 2018 to November 2018. The data was collected from the old age patients (50 to 70 years) of both genders. There are 100 participants who were enrolled for this study. The data was collected through a questionnaire. All patients were diagnosed for causes of visual impairment by ophthalmologists. During the study, the primary cause of visual impairment was recorded based on ophthalmologist diagnosis. Further examination was performed by optometrists at the low vision clinic to assess visual acuity, refraction, and visual demands. Results: The data was collected from 100 patients. The average age of the study group was 50.53 ± 16.245 years. The majority of the study population (80%) were under 70 years. Levels of visual impairment among patients were classified according to the WHO standards, which are based on patient’s BCVA. A total of 16 patients (19.3%) had mild visual impairment (VA 6≥18), 60 patients (45.2%) had moderate visual impairment (VA 6/18 to 6/60), 7 patients (20.0%) had severe visual impairment (VA 6/60 to 3/60), and 17 patients (15.6%) were blind (VA <3/60). Conclusion: It is concluded that the least recorded cause of visual impairment was glaucoma. Furthermore, one physician measured visual acuity and one ophthalmologist determined the cause of visual impairment and this might limit the accuracy of the diagnosis

Colorectal Cancer‐Related Health Worries and Functional Limitations among Older Adult, Long‐Term Cancer Survivors

Cancer and aging are associated with functional limitations; however, the reasons for these limitations are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine potential reasons of functional limitations among older long-term colorectal cancer survivors using a newly developed assessment tool, the Physical Function Perception Scale (PFPS).The particular reasons for functional limitations are currently unknown for older long-term colorectal cancer survivors. To provide the best preventative and rehabilitative care, however, it is necessary to understand these reasons. Therefore, the ability to identify modifiable reasons (e.g., pain, balance problems, fatigue) of functional limitations could have important implications for improving long-term outcomes in older cancer survivors (Bennett et al., 2002; Leville et al, 2004; Whitson et al, 2009). Although a number of valid assessment tools are available, a valid self-report assessment tool that allows individuals to identify the reasons for their functional limitations is currently not available

Impact of humanities and social sciences curriculum in an undergraduate medical education programme

Objective: To evaluate the impact of humanities and social sciences curriculum in an undergraduate medical education programme.Methods: The qualitative study was conducted from May 2016 to May 2017 at a private medical college in Karachi where humanities and social sciences subject is an art of the undergraduate curriculum as a 6-week module at the start of Year 1 of the five-year programme. Focus group discussions were held with students from all the five years as well as with faculty related to humanities and social sciences, basic sciences and their clinical counterparts. The views of alumni of the undergraduate programme who are now members of the faculty at the institution were also explored and semi-structured interviews were conducted with institutional academic leaders. MAXQDA software was used to identify the themes for analysis.Results: Of the 50 participants, 27(54%) were students, 21(42%) were faculty members and 2(4%) were academic leaders. From the 11 sub-themes, 5 themes were identified: Expectations, Strengths, Challenges, Way forward, and Institutional role and responsibility. Faculty members perceived humanities and social sciences as encouraging creative and critical thinking, boosting students\u27 confidence and positively impacting their behaviour. Student perception seemed to change as they progressed through the years and they appreciated its impact at different stages.Conclusions: The existing humanities and social sciences curriculum can be further strengthened by integrating contents throughout the five-year programme and continuing it as a longitudinal theme rather than limiting it to a one-time exposure at the start of the programme

Stretching the boundaries of medical education: A case of medical college embracing humanities and social sciences in medical education

Objective: Aga Khan University, a private medical college, had a vision of producing physicians who are not only scientifically competent, but also socially sensitive, the latter by exposure of medical students to a broad-based curriculum. The objective of this study was to identify the genesis of broad-based education and its integration into the undergraduate medical education program as the Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) course. Methods: A qualitative methodology was used for this study. Sources of data included document review and in-depth key informant interviews. Nvivo software was utilized to extract themes. Results: The study revealed the process of operationalization of the institutional vision to produce competent and culturally sensitive physicians. The delay in the establishment of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, which was expected to take a lead role in the delivery of a broad-based education, led to the development of an innovative HASS course in the medical curriculum. The study also identified availability of faculty and resistance from students as challenges faced in the implementation and evolution of HASS. Conclusions: The description of the journey and viability of integration of HASS into the medical curriculum offers a model to medical colleges seeking ways to produce socially sensitive physicians

q-Rung orthopair fuzzy information aggregation and their application towards material selection

Material selection is a complex process that involves selecting the best material for a given application. It is a critical process in engineering, and the importance of selecting the right material for the job cannot be overstated. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is an important tool that can be used to help engineers make informed decisions about material selection. The logistic function can be extended using the soft-max function, which is widely used in stochastic classification methods like neural nets, soft-max extrapolation, linear differential analysis, and Naïve Bayes detectors. This has inspired researchers to develop soft-max-based fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) for q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROPFS) and to propose an MCDM approach based on these AOs. To test the effectiveness of this approach, the researchers applied it to a practical problem using q-rung orthopair fuzzy data and conducted a numerical example to validate the suggested procedures

2-[3-(4-Methoxyphen­yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl]phenol

The title compound, C22H18N2O2, was derived from 1-(2-hydroxy­phen­yl)-3-(4-methoxy­phen­yl)propane-1,3-dione. The central pyrazole ring forms dihedral angles of 16.83 (5), 48.97 (4) and 51.68 (4)°, respectively, with the methoxy­phenyl, phenyl and hydroxy­phenyl rings. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯N hydrogen bonding