STUDY OF SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS ON ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATIONS CONTAINING FICUS SPECIES

Objective: The present study aims at screening the synergistic effect on the therapeutic efficiency of traditional herbal medicine Nalpamaradi Choorna and Nalpamaradi Keram, containing four Ficus species. The efficiency of formulations prepared by mixing crude drug is tested concerning their Antioxidant and Antibacterial activities. It will also provide and validate the use of these drugs in the current trend of targeted Combination Therapy for various neurodegenerative diseases.Methods: The in-vitro studies of the methanol extracts of the barks of the four individual plants, their different combinations, and the choorna were conducted by DPPH method, and the obtained EC50 values were compared to evaluate the synergistic effect. The antibacterial activity of Nalpamaradi Keram and the four Ficus plants was tested against two microorganisms Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using agar well method.Results: The formulation prepared by mixing equal proportions of the four plants exhibited maximum %AA value of 93.36 % and EC50 value 8.00 µg/ml while the marketed drug showed maximum % AA of 87.30 % and an EC50 value of 29.0µg/ml. The combination of Ficus bengalensis (F. ben), Ficus racemosa (F. rac) and Ficus religiosa (F. rel) demonstrated the maximum % AA of 92.35 % and a very low EC50 value of 6.00µg/ml. All the samples except Ficus microcarpa (F. mic) exhibited antibacterial property against both the bacteria. Nalpamaradi Keram has shown the zone of inhibition of 20.0 mm against S. aureus and 18.0 mm against E. coli. Conclusion: The present investigation justifies the traditional use of these medicinal plants as antibacterial and antioxidant agents and validates their synergistic effect with improved activity in the formulations. Therefore, it is judicious to mix all the four Ficus species in the formulation of Nalpamaradi choorna and Nalpamaradi keram.Keywords: Antioxidant and synergistic activity, Antimicrobial activity, Ficus species, Polyherbal formulations, Radio protectivit

Para vaginal dermoid cyst: a rare occurrence

Dermoid cyst (cystic teratoma) showing well differentiated derivatives of all three germs cell layers, is a benign germ cell tumour. Ovaries remain the commonest site. Paravaginal dermoid cyst is a rare occurrence. Pre-operative diagnosis is usually difficult in majority of cases. They constitute less than 4% of all extragonadal teratomas. A 28-year old, P2L2 female presented with paravaginal cyst, 10×10cms, non-tender, soft swelling, cystic in consistency occupying posterior and left part of rectovaginal septum. Trans vaginal excision of cyst under regional anaesthesia done. Cyst was ruptured while excision showing putty material with tuft of hairs. A retrospective diagnosis of mature teratoma/paravaginal dermoid cyst was made on histopathological examination. Paravaginal dermoid cyst, a benign cystic teratoma is a very rare occurrence. Transvaginal excision of dermoid cyst under anaesthesia remains treatment of choice. Retrospective diagnosis on histopathological examination remains confirmatory as it may be missed on sonography if teeth are not present in dermoid cyst

Visual evoked potentials in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Background: Insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus is associated with different degrees of neuropathies affecting peripheral as well as central neural pathways. The subclinical neurological involvement in diabetic children can be assessed by changes appearing in the electrophysiological parameters like Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs). The objective of the study was to assess the effect of type I diabetes melitus on the visual evoked potentials in children.Methods: This cross-sectional case-control study was done on 30 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus of minimum two years duration as cases and 30 age and gender matched euglycemic children with normal HbA1c taken as controls. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were done on both the groups of children and the latencies (ms) of waves -N75, P100, N145 and amplitude (μV) of wave P100 were recorded. The data was compiled in the pre-designed proforma and statistically analysed using student t-test.Results: The increase in the mean latencies of waveforms of VEPs N75, P100 and amplitude P100 were found to be highly significant statistically (p<0.001) in both the eyes among the children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The mean latency of waveform N145 was found to be statistically insignificant in the two groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: The type 1 diabetes does affect the visual pathways in children. Visual Evoked Potentials are helpful in the detection of early changes in the conduction across the neural pathways in the sub-clinical diseases

Understanding the relationship between entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial attitudes, and entrepreneurial intentions among engineering graduates: the moderating role of gender

Purpose – The current study assesses the contribution of entrepreneurship education (EE) in strengthening entrepreneurial attitudes (EAs) and entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) among engineering graduates in India. Design/methodology/approach – Cross-sectional data were collected through an electronic questionnaire from 340 engineering students. Structural equation modeling was performed for hypothesis testing through SmartPLS4 software. Findings – The findings demonstrated that EE, EA and EI are positively and significantly correlated. However, the moderation effect of gender on EE–EI linkage was found to be insignificant. Research limitations/implications – The study provides comprehensive insights to understand EE effectiveness on students' EI and further opens the path for future researchers to investigate how the inclusion of other constructs in theory of planned behavior and human capital theory can raise the EI among students. Future research should target a larger sample size comprising students from diverse educational streams. Practical implications – The findings of this research offer various practical contributions for educational establishments, policymakers and the government in formulating constructive educational interventions that fully trigger the student's EIs. Originality/value – This study adds to the scarce theoretical examination of EE–EI using the human capital approach in developing countries. In addition, this study is highly relevant to the scarce theoretical and empirical support for investigating the contribution of EE in HEIs in India

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ETORICOXIB MICROBEADS FOR SUSTAINED DRUG DELIVERY

Objective: The aim of the study was to develop novel drug design of etoricoxib microbeads for sustained drug delivery by oral route which reduces the dosing frequency. Etoricoxib is a NSAIDs commonly used by patients so to reduce the dosing frequency of drug administration the etoricoxib loaded microbeads were prepared. Methods: Formulations were prepared with sodium alginate and calcium chloride in different ratios by inotropic gelation technique and characterized by FTIR, drug entrapment efficiency, particle size, swelling Index and release profile. Results: The microbeads show that 3.86±0.28% of surface entrapment, drug content 87±0.35%, swelling Index was found to be 80.76. The IR spectrum shows stable character of etoricoxib in the microbeads and revealed an absence of drug polymer interaction. The prepared microbeads were spherical in shape and had a size range of 125±0.02to 165±0.18µm, the release of the drug was found to be 64.092±0.24 in F4 formulation among all formulation in 240 minutes which shows that the drug released by sustained effect and shows kinetic release mechanism the formulation F1 shows fickian diffusion and F2, F3 and F4 shows the super-case, transport which depends upon the loss of polymeric chain and the release of drug takes place. Conclusion: The formulation F4 was found to be the best among all the other formulation because the percentage yield was found to be 80.6% among all formulation.                                             Peer Review History: Received 1 January 2019;   Revised 8 February; Accepted 2 March, Available online 15 March 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 3.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Hatem Sameir Abbas, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, [email protected]  Similar Articles: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF RITONAVIR HOLLOW MICROBALLOONS FOR FLOATING DRUG DELIVER

An Adult with Untreated Isolated Cleft Palate Since Birth: A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Orofacial clefts are one of the most common congenital anomalies involving the craniofacial region. An isolated cleft palate is the rarest (33% of all orofacial clefts) among individuals with female predominance. Individuals born with these clefts manifest craniofacial, functional, and psychological anomalies. Sometimes, patients cannot receive the required therapies due to a lack of awareness and lack of medical access or economic factors. Untreated clefts may adversely impact the patient’s life both physically and psychologically. Case Description: This study presents a case report of a 45-year-old male with an untreated cleft palate since birth due to a low socioeconomic background, leading to several oro-dental anomalies, speech defects, and psychological and social challenges. Results: Extraoral examination revealed mild facial asymmetry, dry and incompetent lips, and underdeveloped philtrum. Intraorally, there was a cleft palate, macroglossia, soft and edematous gingiva with bleeding on probing, gingival recession, and periodontal pockets, along with various dental anomalies. Full mouth orthopantomogram showed discontinuity of the palatal line, collapsed maxillary arch, root stumps, and crowding. The final diagnosis of isolated cleft palate was made. The patient was advised for surgery regarding the cleft palate, dental treatment, speech therapy, and psychological counseling. However, the patient refused all treatments except a few dental aids due to economic difficulties. Conclusion: The present case report highlights the need for these patients to receive particular concerns. Patients must be motivated to get proper treatment at a suitable stage to prevent future complications. Cleft teams must be advised to initiate some encouraging steps in imparting treatment aids to such patients, especially in rehabilitation therapy, considering their surrounding environment, psychological makeup, socioeconomic status, and motivation. In addition, social groups should also treat these patients with a positive approach, helping them to live healthy and normal lives just like any other individual

FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TOPICAL NANO EMULGEL OF TERBINAFINE

Objective:  Terbinafine is a broad spectrum antifungal drug. The aim of present study was to develop topical nano emulgel of terbinafine using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. The objective behind the formulation was to avoid dosing frequency and to increase the stability and bioavailability by avoiding the first pass metabolism. Methods: The formulations were prepared by using oleic acid, carbopol 934, span 20, propylene glycol in different ratios and analyzed by pseudo tertiary phase diagram. All the five prepared nano emulgel formulations have shown satisfactory physiochemical properties. The stability and particle size is been determined by zeta potential. Results: The highest drug release 82.38 %was found in formulations of batch F4, which follows non-fickian mechanism. The studies showed that changing the concentration of oil, surfactant, co surfactant and double distilled water as aqueous phase has an impact on the behavior and thermodynamic stability of the nanoemulsion. Conclusion: Study concludes that of Terbinafine can be delivered effectively by nano emulgel  formulations.                                  Peer Review History: Received 28 November 2018;   Revised 11 December; Accepted 25 December, Available online 15 January 2019 Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Mahmoud S. Abdallah, University of Sadat city, Egypt, [email protected]  Similar Articles: DEVELOPMENT AND ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL ETORICOXIB EMULGEL BY CARRAGEENAN INDUCED PAW OEDEMA METHOD A RECENT OVERVIEW OF LOCALLY ADMINISTERED TOPICAL OTIC DOSAGE FORM

The Optimum Design of Scanned Linear Antenna Array Using Sine Cosine Optimization Algorithm

In this article, the side lobe level (SLL) of the radiation pattern is reduced, and the first null beam width (FNBW) is kept constant by synthesizing symmetric scanning Linear Antenna Arrays (LAA), which is done by considering excitation amplitude as the optimization parameter. A Sine cosine algorithm (SCA) is used to achieve this objective. Three different case studies are illustrated in this article to show the effectiveness of SCA in LAA optimization. The results obtained show that the SCA algorithm performs better than Firefly Algorithm (FA), Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS), and hybrid optimization algorithm based on Grasshopper Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Antlion Optimization (ALO

A Review on Current Status of Blood Disorder: Thalassemia and its Treatment

The most prevalent hereditary monogenic disorders that claim millions of lives globally are thalassemic syndromes. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause. Thalassemic illnesses started to strain the healthcare systems of several nations worldwide. Management of thalassemia is now seen as a lifelong treatment that requires continuous monitoring. In this review, we seek to compile and analyze recent research on thalassemia diagnosis and treatment, including papers, studies, and clinical trials. We also intend to present a concise yet comprehensive study. A thalassemia is an inherited condition, at least one parent must carry the disease's gene. Perhaps a genetic mutation/ defective globin chain or the loss of specific important gene segments is the main cause

Jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as sole primary source : a systematic review

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Lung cancer metastasis to oral region is very rare. Very few research work has been conducted till date to analyse the jaw bone metastasis from Lung cancer as the primary source. The goal of th