Magnetothermodynamics: Measuring equations of state in a relaxed magnetohydrodynamic plasma

We report the first measurements of equations of state of a fully relaxed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) laboratory plasma. Parcels of magnetized plasma, called Taylor states, are formed in a coaxial magnetized plasma gun, and are allowed to relax and drift into a closed flux conserving volume. Density, ion temperature, and magnetic field are measured as a function of time as the Taylor states compress and heat. The theoretically predicted MHD and double adiabatic equations of state are compared to experimental measurements. We find that the MHD equation of state is inconsistent with our data.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Near-threshold dielectronic recombination studies of Si-like ions

Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients are computed for the Si-like isoelectronic sequence, focusing on the near-threshold resonances of S2+

A perturbative treatment for the dielectronic recombination of the Si-like isoelectronic sequence

Synopsis A detailed investigation of Si-like dielectronic recombination is performed for the entire Si-like isoelectronic sequence using a perturbative multi-configurational Breit-Pauli method

Phonon transport at the nanoscale with applications to batteries and advanced thermal insulation

It has been almost three decades since Nanoscale Thermal Science and Engineering became a well-established research field. Various major breakthroughs in fundamental understanding of thermal transport (phonons, photons, and electrons) at the nanoscale have been achieved in these three decades; however, the impact of these fundamental insights has been primarily targeted toward microelectronics and thermoelectrics applications. In this paper we provide examples of other applications such as Lithium ion battery thermal management and building thermal insulation, where nanoscale thermal science has a significant role to play. We have used time domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) to measure thermal conductivity of Lithium ion battery cathode material. To understand the fundamentals of thermal transport in the cathode material we created a model cathode system as compared engineered samples using pulsed laser deposition technique. We also used 3-omega technique for the engineered system. We have also made highly insulating material using functionalized nanoparticles for building applications. Results show that surface functionalization has a huge impact on thermal conductivity of an assembly of nanoparticle

Cancer Information Seeking Preferences among health professionals serving American Indians in Minnesota, North Dakota, and Wisconsin

This article identifies cancer information resources used by health professionals in tribal health departments or Indian Health Service clinics serving American Indian communities in Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota

Measuring The Equations Of State In A Relaxed Magnetohydrodynamic Plasma

We report measurements of the equations of state of a fully relaxed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) laboratory plasma. Parcels of magnetized plasma, called Taylor states, are formed in a coaxial magnetized plasma gun, and are allowed to relax and drift into a closed flux conserving volume. Density, ion temperature, and magnetic field are measured as a function of time as the Taylor states compress and heat. The theoretically predicted MHD and double adiabatic equations of state are compared to experimental measurements. We find that the MHD equation of state is inconsistent with our data

Wild silkworm cocoon as a natural tough biological composite structure

Silk cocoons are biological composites with intriguing characteristics that have evolved through a long natural selection process. Knowledge of structure-property-function relationship of multilayered composite silk cocoon shells gives insight into the design of next-generation protection materials. The current investigation studied the composite structure and mechanical performance of a wild silkworm cocoon (Chinese tussah silkworm cocoon, Antheraea pernyi) in comparison with the domestic counterpart (Mulberry silkworm cocoon, Bombyx mori). 180º peel and tensile tests were performed on the cocoon walls to understand both their interlaminar and in-plane mechanical properties. The fracture surfaces were investigated under SEM. The wild cocoon showed substantially higher toughness over the domestic cocoon, which explains their unique capability to tackle severe environmental adversaries

Age estimation in children by measurement of open apices in teeth: an Indian formula.

The aim of this paper is twofold: first, to evaluate an Indian sample by Cameriere\u2019s European formula; and second, if this formula turns out to be unsuitable, to study a specific formula for Indian children. Orthopantomographs taken from 480 Indian children (227 girls and 253 boys) aged between 3 and 15 years were analyzed. Following the pilot study, subjects\u2019 age was modeled as a function of gender (g), region of country (C), and morphological variables (predictors: x5, the distance between the inner sides of the open apex of the second premolar divided by the tooth length; s \ubc x1 \ufe x2 \ufe x3 \ufe x4 \ufe x5 \ufe x6 \ufe x7, sum of normalized open apices; N0, the number of teeth with root development complete. Results showed that all these variables except gender and second premolar contributed significantly to the fit so that all were included in the regression model, yielding the following linear regression formula: Age \ubc 9:402 0:879 C \ufe 0:663 N0 0:711 s 0:106s N0 where C is a dummy variable equal to 0 for the center or north of India and 1 for the south. The above equation, with the variables considered, explained 89.7% (R2=0.897) of total deviance. The median of the residuals (observed age minus predicted age) was \u20130.063 years, with an interquartile range of 1.10 years

Effect of calcium channel blockers on the serum levels of thyroid hormone

Background: The effect of the calcium channel blockers on the cardiovascular system is implemented judiciously in different conditions related to cardiovascular system such as angina pectoris, hypertension, and in cardiac arrhythmias but the aspect that deals with the impact of blockade of calcium channels in other systems like endocrine system remains eclipsed. These effects generally go unnoticed and the present study was formulated to elucidate the serum T3, T4, TSH levels after administration of calcium channel blockers and to observe the resultant side effect on the endocrine glands, if any by this commonly used group of drugs.Methods: The study was conducted on male albino rabbits, they were divided in three groups of ten each and each group received one of the calcium channel blockers- Verapamil, Diltiazem and Nifedipine for three months. At the end of each month the serum T3, T4, TSH levels were evaluated by chemiluminisence.Results:It was found that on continuous daily administration of calcium channel blockers there was a gradual fall in levels of T3 and T4 with rise in TSH levels in comparison to the control value taken before initiating the drug therapy.Conclusion: These findings could have potential clinical implications and this study proposes the importance of blood thyroid hormone level follow up in the long-term calcium channel blocker therapy.