Energy Efficient Approach for Multi-level Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

The wireless sensor network is the decentralized kind of network which allows sensor nodes to join or leave the network according to their wish. The implementation of sensor network is done at far places, and they are small sized. Thus, energy consumption becomes the main issue of WSN. The data, whose collection is done from the aimed environment, is transmitted directly to the main station due to the restricted energy of sensor nodes. The sink node receives the data transmitted from various sensor nodes. The decision-making process is deployed by recognizing and eliminating the similarity among the data of diverse sensor nodes. In addition, the sink makes the deployment of obtained data locally as well as transmits these data to the networks which are executed far away. The existing research work employs CTNR, an energy efficient protocol that is capable of enhancing the duration of WSN.  The CTNR protocol is consisted of two-level hierarchies for mitigating the energy consumption of wireless sensor network. The CTNR protocol selects the CHs (cluster heads) in the network based on the distance and energy. This research work will focus on enhancing the CTNR routing algorithm so as the life span of network can be prolonged

Bit Error Reduction in MIMO-OFDM with trellis Codes Using KALMN Filtering

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to transport data at a rapid rate. Due to the dynamic nature of the network, the bit error rate is the main problem with OFDM. The extra codes used in space-time trellis coding help to lower bit rate error on multipath fading channels. This study uses space-time trellis coding on a wireless channel to improve the bit error rates. In this work, space-time trellis codes with KALMAN filters are used to improve  the bit error rate over wireless channels. The proposed modal  is simulated in MATLAB software, and the results exhibit that the figure of bit error rate has decreased in network

Investment vs vulnerability tradeoff during brood transport in Diacamma indicum

37 - Other , Poste

An Overview of PAPR Reduction Techniques for an MC-CDMA System

Abstract-MC-CDMA is the most promising technique for high bit rate and high capacity transmission in wireless communication. One of the challenging issues of MC-CDMA system is very high PAPR due to large number of sub-carriers which reduces the system efficiency. This paper describes the various PAPR reduction techniques for MC-CDMA system. Criterion for the selection of PAPR reduction technique and also the comparison between the reduction techniques has been discussed

A Call Graph Reduction based Novel Storage Allocation Scheme for Smart City Applications

Today s world is going to be smart even smarter day by day Smart cities play an important role to make the world smart Thousands of smart city applications are developing in every day Every second very huge amount of data is generated The data need to be managed and stored properly so that information can be extracted using various emerging technologies The main aim of this paper is to propose a storage scheme for data generated by smart city applications A matrix is used which store the information of each adjacency node of each level as well as the weight and frequency of call graph It has been experimentally depicted that the applied algorithm reduces the size of the call graph without changing the basic structure without any loss of information Once the graph is generated from the source code it is stored in the matrix and reduced appropriately using the proposed algorithm The proposed algorithm is also compared to another call graph reduction techniques and it has been experimentally evaluated that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the graph and store the smart city application data efficientl

Effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in India

In today’s world, where advertising plays an inevitable role in influencing consumer purchase decisions, it becomes imperative for companies to create such advertising campaigns that motivate consumers to buy their products. Celebrity Endorsement is a technique extensively used by companies today, to promote their brand and products, which help in generating publicity for their brands. These ‘celebrities’ are typically the famous and successful actors or sportspeople who are looked up to by the common people. Especially in India, celebrities play a vital role in advertising. They are loved and idolized by the people and companies use this to their advantage by using these celebrities to promote their products and create publicity for their brands. This dissertation thus focuses on examining the qualities of a celebrity endorser that are most desired for by a consumer and also the impact of celebrity endorsement on their purchase decisions. This research project starts with a literature review in which relevant previous work done by different authors has been discussed. The next chapter discusses the research method used to achieve the objective of the study. A new technique, i.e. Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique has been used to study the feelings, behaviors and attitudes of people towards celebrity endorsement. The data collected has then been analysed which has revealed some very interesting facts which have then been discussed and scope for further research has also been talked about

ELECTROMAGNETIC ELECTRON-CYCLOTRON WAVES WITH AC FIELD IN THE MAGNETOSPHERE

In this paper the effect of externally injected beam of cold electrons on electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (EMEC) waves in the magnetosphere has been discussed. The investigation is conducted using the methodology of characteristic solution and considering kappa distribution function in the presence of AC field.  The objective of present study is to examine the variation in growth rate of EMEC waves when temperature anisotropy, magnitude of AC field and number density of energetic particles varies. It is inferred that EMEC waves grow more significantly when propagating oblique to magnetic field direction rather than parallel to magnetic field direction. Also that as the temperature anisotropy and number density of background plasma increases, growth rate of EMEC waves increases

Viewpoints of Dental Practitioners regarding Choice of Root Canal Sealers in Nepal

INTRODUCTION: Apical and periapical repair is one of the ultimate goal of endodontic therapy. Main objective should be the formation of a fluid tight seal at the apical foramen, which provides a suitable environment i.e. biological condition for healing of the periapical tissue. For this many different materials are being used in root canal filling nowadays.AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of root canal sealers among 130 dental practitioners in Nepal.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 130 dental practitioners in Nepal during the month of May 2017.RESULTS: Through this study it was observed that the choice of sealers is different for every dental practitioner. All of the study participants have given multiple responses, but it was seen that AH plus followed by ZOE was the most commonly used root canal sealers.CONCLUSION: One of the major objectives in root canal treatment is the three dimensional sealing of root canal space and it is important to have a root sealer that is commonly used with maximum results as seen with AH plus and ZOE