IDDQ Testing of Low Voltage CMOS Operational Transconductance Amplifier

The paper describes the design for testability (DFT) of low voltage two stage operational transconductance amplifiers based on quiescent power supply current (IDDQ) testing. IDDQ testing refers to the integral circuit testing method based upon measurement of steady state power supply current for testing both digital as well as analog VLSI circuit. A built in current sensor, which introduces insignificant performance degradation of the circuit-under-test, has been proposed to monitor the power supply quiescent current changes in the circuit under test. Moreover, the BICS requires neither an external voltage reference nor a current source and able to detect, identify and localize the circuit faults. Hence the BICS requires less area and is more efficient than the conventional current sensors. The testability has also been enhanced in the testing procedure using a simple fault-injection technique. Both bridging and open faults have been analyzed in proposed work by using n-well 0.18µm CMOS technology

An Empirical Study on Effectiveness of Training Programs among Women Employees in Public and Private Sector Banks

Women have played a pivotal role in the global economy, but their contributions have not been given due recognition. The global financial landscape has had a significant transformation and it high time that the society realized that women are equal stakeholders in the revival of the global economy. As a part of such an effort, this study is an attempt to understand and compare the patterns of participation of women in private and public sector banks. It is also an attempt to measure the effectiveness of training programmes with a particular reference to women employees in private and public sector banks and how training contributes towards the growth of the banks. Thus this study is different from the previous studies in this arena

On the Fusion of Neutron/ Proton-Rich Colliding Nuclei Using Isospin-Dependent Potentials

By using different isospin dependent proximity-type potentials, we performed a detailed study of neutron/proton-rich colliding nuclei with N/Z ratio between 0.5 and 2.0. Isotopes of three different series namely, Ne-Ne, Ca-Ca, and Zr-Zr are taken into account. A monotonous increase (decrease) in the fusion barrier positions (heights) using a unified second order nonlinear parametrization in the normalized fusion barrier positions and heights with (N/Z−1) is presented. These predictions are in good agreement with the available theoretical as well as experimental results. The fusion probabilities, however shows linear dependence. Further, the neutron/proton content plays dominant role at near barrier energies only. Our results are also independent of the model used as well as reaction partner and isospin content. More experiments are needed to verify our predictions

High-Quality in Data Authentication Dodging Massive Attack in VANETS

VANET plays an important role in the Security terms. VANET network is due to their unique features like as a high dynamic network (topology) and Mobility prediction. It attracts so much attention to the industry. VANET wireless networks are rapidly increased commercial and academic interests. Mobile connectivity, Traffic congestion management and road safety are some applications that have arisen within this network model. The routing protocol is a reactive type which means if there is data to be sent then the way will create. On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol is a generally used network topology based on rules for VANET. In surveyed of the routing protocol implemented a balance AODV method used for identifying the malicious nodes in the network. A balanced AODV routing method is defined with following characteristics:- (i) Use of threshold adaptive according to the network situations and balance index i.e node nature. (ii) Detect the malicious node in the network. (iii) Detection and prevention methods in real-time and independent on each vehicle node. In research paper, implement a B-AODV routing protocol and RSA method for detection and prevention the malicious node in the vehicular network. In this proposed algorithm, each vehicle node is employing balance index for acceptable and reject able REQ information’s (Bits). The consequences of the simulation tool in MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) indicates BAODV and RSA method is used to detect and prevent the flood attach and loss of network bandwidth. Comparison between AODV, BAODV, RSA in normal phase defines B-AODV is exactly matched with AODV in the vehicular network and performance analysis overhead, an end to end delay and packet delivery rate

Study on effectiveness of lecture and smart class method of teaching on academic achievements among upper primary school students

This is an experimental study conducted on the upper primary school students in the district of S.B.S Nagar, Punjab. The study was conducted on the students of 6th and 7th class of an international School. Total of 100 students were enrolled for this experimental study who met the inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into 2 equal groups by simple randomization technique. They received either the lecture method teaching or the smart class method teaching. For conducting the experiment, the investigator used pre-test and post-test comparison group design. For collection of data, a structured questionnaire and a structured teaching programme was used. t-test was used for analysis and interpretation of the data. The results of the study revealed that the lecture method of teaching was more effective as compared to a smart class method of teaching

Wireless Notice-Board Using Node MCU

The main objective of this project is to develop a Wireless Notice Board that will be used by the faculty in order to display latest Notice and Announcements. It is a smart board developed as user friendly notice board with wireless concept that offers the flexibility to control the notice board. The notice can be delivered with help of android application and a webpage. This notice board is made to overcome the messy wiring of earlier electronic wired model. It�s one objective is to increase the speed of communication and saving time and resources. It can also be used to promote the reusability of existing design and decrease the area required which will manage the cost factor

Even-Odd Cycled High-Order S-FDTD Method for Maxwell's Equations and Application to Coplanar Waveguides

In this thesis, a new even-odd cycled high-order splitting finite difference time domain scheme for Maxwell's equations in two dimensions is developed. The scheme uses fourth order spatial difference operators and even-odd time step technique to make it more accurate in both space and time. The scheme is energy-conserved, unconditionally stable and very efficient in computation. We analyze in detail the stability, dispersion and phase error for the scheme. We also prove its energy conservation, convergence of high order accuracy and convergence of divergence free approximation. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical analysis results. Further, the developed scheme is applied to computations of the grounded coplanar waveguides, the elevated CPW and the complex transitions between CPW and rectangular waveguides