Critical considerations of Level 4 coach education in the UK: A theoretical and empirical study

Within the last half a century the developments within the sporting landscape have been coupled with changes in the political sphere and - most recently - the successful bid to host the London 2012 Olympics Games. An incidental effect of such changes emphasised the fundamental role of coach education and development in the United Kingdom (UK) and stressed the need to up skill the coaching workforce. Accordingly, the primary aim in conducting this research was to investigate the effectiveness and appropriateness of the current coach education system for elite coaches (Level 4); to establish what best facilitates coach learning. In order to do so, I undertook a literature review to examine the applicability of Knowles (1970) andragogical principles and how - if at all - these principles could inform programme design and subsequent coach learning. The contributions of formal, informal and non-formal educative situations were considered alongside the currently prescribed approach - the UK Coaching Certificate (UKCC). Moreover, I further considered the contributions of literature around social milieus; epistemology; contextualisation and professional thinking which provided further interesting contrasts with the current system and raised a number of questions with regards to how best effective learning environments for Level 4 coaches are created. In order to offer an empirical comparison to the literature, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 18 Level 4 coaches, which were then thematically analysed using NVivo 10. The primary research method employed was deductive and inductive reasoning. Consideration of the results assessed to what extent the current educative provision for high level coaches met both the theoretically defined and client perceived needs

An empirical evaluation of classification algorithms for fault prediction in open source projects

AbstractCreating software with high quality has become difficult these days with the fact that size and complexity of the developed software is high. Predicting the quality of software in early phases helps to reduce testing resources. Various statistical and machine learning techniques are used for prediction of the quality of the software. In this paper, six machine learning models have been used for software quality prediction on five open source software. Varieties of metrics have been evaluated for the software including C & K, Henderson & Sellers, McCabe etc. Results show that Random Forest and Bagging produce good results while Naïve Bayes is least preferable for prediction

Developmental persistent falcine sinus with cranium bifidum occultum, craniosynostosis, and associated anomalies: A unique case

The falcine sinus is an intrauterine anatomic structure located in the falx cerebri that is closed after birth and persistence of thisembryologic falcine sinus is considered as a rare variation of the venous pathway which is associated with defect in the developmentof the straight sinus leading to formation of an alternate venous pathway served by the persistent falcine sinus. Cranium bifidumoccultum is another rare skull ossification disorder referred to as the Catlin mark characterized by ossification defects in theparietal bones. Many other associated anomalies can be seen with persistent falcine sinus apart from cranium bifidum occultumwhich include absent or dysplastic tentorium cerebelli, agenesis of the corpus callosum, apert syndrome, atretic occipital/parietalencephalocele, vein of galen malformation, osteogenesis imperfecta, and chiari malformation Type II. We describe a rare case of a10-year-old girl who presented with short stature, intermittent headache, and abnormal skull shape. On radiological examination,persistent falcine sinus was detected with large midline skull defect at the high parietal area. The straight sinus was absent, and therewas dysplastic tentorium cerebelli. In addition to these, craniosynostosis was also present with many other associated anomalies.Persistent falcine sinus and cranium bifidum occultum are very rare, and when found, they are associated with many anomaliesraising the possibility that they may represent the benign end of the same developmental spectrum. To the best of our knowledge,these constellations of anomalies have been reported in very few children

Responses of the antioxidant defences of Labeo rohita exposed to Basic violet-1 (BV-1)

Present study envisaged evaluating the effect of Basic violet-1 (BV-1, CI No. 42535), a widely used azo dye in dyeing and textile industries, on antioxidant enzymes of Labeo rohita fingerlings (7.6 – 11.3 cm length and 16.1 – 26.7 g weight). Antioxidant enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were estimated in liver, kidney, gill, muscle and brain of the fish as markers for the stress of BV-1. After 96h, the fish were kept for a recovery period of 30 days and activity of enzymes was determined at 15 day intervals. Significant dose dependent increase over control in the activity of AST (79.69%) and ALT (50.07%) was observed in all the tissues while a significant decrease over control was observed in AChE (717.43%) and SDH (173.07%) activity in all the tissues. Alterations in the activity of enzymes could probably be due to a defense against oxidative damage caused by the dye and prolonged effect till the end of the recovery period could be a metabolic adaptation of the fish to the stress of the present dye. The results indicate that the dye is very toxic to L. rohita as there was a marked change in the activity of selected enzymes in the exposed fish and the effect prolonged till the end of recovery period. So these enzymes in the selected tissues can be considered as best biomarker to determine toxicity of even very low doses of the azo dye BV-1 in fish

A review on ecotoxic potential of pollutants in fish

Fishes in the aquatic food web are at the top of most aquatic food chains and form an important link in the aquatic-terrestrial food chain also. They are easily available in the wild, market, can be easily maintained in the laboratory and act as important models for indicating the outcome of exposure of human populations to toxic and genotoxic chemicals in drinking water. They respond to toxicants in a manner similar to higher vertebrates and metabolize and accumulate pollutants. Food is a major route for exposure of human populations to toxic chemicals in water so fish and shell fish have been recognized as major vectors for transfer of contaminants to humans, as these major sources of protein in many countries, are often contaminated with high concentrations of pollutants. In living systems, these are biotransformed to various toxic derivatives which react with DNA and lead to tumour development are carcinogenic and/or mutagenic to life leading to the number of cancer cases. Epidemiological studies have revealed that workers in the dye industry had a higher incidence of urinary bladder tumours than that of the general population. Therefore, in the present review an attempt has been made to document the work done in past on the use of fishes for studying toxicological changes induced by pollutants. Actually, toxicity and genotoxicity of dyes in fish has not been much explored, therefore along with the few reports available on dyes, literature on toxicity and genotoxicity of other aquatic pollutants has also been reviewed in the present study

Race encounters in ITE : tutors' narratives on race equality and initial teacher education (ITE)

This study examines the racialised narratives of White tutors in initial teacher education (ITE) with specific reference to how well initial teacher education (ITE) prepares student teachers to teach in an ethnically diverse society. It draws on critical race theory as a framework to identify how the discourse of whiteness is embedded in the experience, knowledge and hegemonic understandings of these tutors and how it affects their approach to the topic of race equality and teaching in a multicultural society. The research was conducted in a predominantly White institution where the majority of student teachers and tutors reflect the national teacher demo graphics within the context of an increasingly diverse pupil population and the continued underachievement of pupils from certain minority ethnic groups. The study involved interviews with White ITE tutors within one institution. The resulting narratives were juxtaposed with the narrative of a minority ethnic tutor to examine the embedded and embodied effects of the dominant discourse of whiteness. The tutors' narratives reveal how whiteness is embodied and performed within the context of ITE to maintain whiteness whilst simultaneously engaging with the rhetoric of race equality and compliance with statutory duties and requirements. The study shows how the tools of whiteness (Picower 2009) are used to maintain and promote the misrecognised discourse of whiteness resulting in the symbolic violence evident in the persistence of endemic racism within the academy. The disruption of such a discourse has implications for ITE policy, practice and recruitment. There are particular implications for the school-based aspects of initial teacher education programmes and the continued professional development of ITE tutors and mentors

A COMBINED ULTRASOUND AND CLINICAL SCORING MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OF PERIPARTUM COMPLICATIONS IN PREGNANCIES COMPLICATED BY PLACENTA PREVIA

Introduction: Patients with placenta previa are at an increased risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage. Various clinical and ultrasound parameters can predict the risk of bleeding in these patients. Hence, the objective of our study is to develop a combined ultrasound and clinical scoring model for the prediction of peripartum complications in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa. Methods: Fifty singleton pregnant women with placenta previa who underwent cesarean delivery in our hospital were included in the study. We collected clinical and ultrasound data prospectively, and the score was given to each parameter, and total score correlated with the occurrence of peripartum complications. Clinical parameters included age, parity, history of dilatation and evacuation, previous cesarean delivery, history of placenta previa, antepartum hemorrhage, and ultrasound parameters included type of previa, no. of lacunae in placenta, uteroplacental hypervascularity. The peripartum complications noted were the need for blood transfusion, uterine artery ligation, and cesarean hysterectomy. Results: According to the composite scoring done, uterine artery ligation was needed in more than 50% of patients at a score of 9–10. It increased to 100% as the score increased to ≥11. At a score of ≥12, hysterectomy was needed in around 75% of patients, and 100% of patients needed a blood transfusion. Univariate analysis using the Pearson Chi-square test was also done to know whether individual parameters and peripartum complications were significantly related that is p<0.05 with one another. Conclusion: The scoring system may serve to predict peripartum complications in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa

Diabetes mellitus and odontogenic infections: a life threatening combination in Ludwig's angina

Background: The present study was a prospective study which was aimed to assess the risk factors, microbiological profile, management strategies of Ludwig’s angina patients and its association with odontogenic infections and diabetes mellitus. Methods: The study population consisted of 40 patients of Ludwig’s angina those presented to and were managed in the department of ENT, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India, from January 2022 to May 2023. All the patients exhibiting clinical symptoms and signs of Ludwig’s angina were examined and a detailed history of the duration of each symptom, present and past illness, dental infection, throat infection, diabetes mellitus was taken. Results: It was observed that in 85% cases of Ludwig’s angina history of dental infection was present. History of diabetes mellitus was present in 50% cases followed by tooth extraction (10%). Streptococcus viridans was found in 22.5% patients, Staphylococcus aureus (12.5%) and no growth was seen in 52.5% cases. Major co-morbidity was diabetes mellitus (50%), followed by HIV and HCV infections in 15% patients. Surgical drainage was performed in 90% cases including tracheostomy in 12.5% cases rest 10% patients were treated medically. Conclusions: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, delayed treatment of odontogenic infection complicates the management of Ludwig’s angina and leads to life threatening complications. Ludwig’s angina should be actively treated as a surgical and medical emergency in which incision and drainage is required as early as possible. Tracheostomy should be considered as an emergency measure to relieve the respiratory obstruction