Modelling the multiplier effect of a local food system

Received: February 1st, 2021 ; Accepted: May 10th, 2021 ; Published: May 13th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] of rural communities, benefits for local farmers and environment are expected outcomes of local food initiatives which are emerging as an opposition to the adverse social and economic effects of globalization. Local food networks diversify the rural economy, promote greater economic independence and local potential, improve the area’s image and reduce GHG emissions. The purchase of local food increases incomes of both the community and local producers, as well as increases employment and related multiplier effects at the local level, for example, increased value of new production, import substitution, increased incomes, and created additional jobs. Revitalisation of rural communities, benefits for local farmers and environment are expected outcomes of local food initiatives which are emerging as an opposition to the adverse social and economic effects of globalization It has been revealed that much of current research on local and regional food networks lacks a strong theoretical grounding and quantitative rigor; however, community development practitioners and planners need objective and research-based information for food system design and implementation in order to produce community or regional wellbeing. The aim of the paper is to develop the concept of an integrated assessment model of local food systems based on the analysis of the literature, which would provide a basis for empirical analysis. The analysis model contains dimensions of sustainable development, allowing us to assess not only direct effects (income, reduced greenhouse gas emissions etc.) but also indirect ones (economic, social and environmental resilience of local communities)

RaspberrySet : Dataset of Annotated Raspberry Images for Object Detection

Funding Information: This research and APC were funded by the Latvian Council of Science, grant number lzp-2020/1-0353 “Smart noninvasive phenotyping of raspberries and Japanese quinces using machine learning and hyperspectral and 3D imaging”. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.The RaspberrySet dataset is a valuable resource for those working in the field of agriculture, particularly in the selection and breeding of ecologically adaptable berry cultivars. This is because long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns have made it increasingly important for crops to be able to adapt to their environment. To assess the suitability of different cultivars or to make yield predictions, it is necessary to describe and evaluate berries’ characteristics at various growth stages. This process is typically carried out visually, but it can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, requiring significant expert knowledge. The RaspberrySet dataset was created to assist with this process, and it includes images of raspberry berries at five different stages of development. These stages are flower buds, flowers, unripe berries, and ripe berries. All these stages of raspberry images classified buds, damaged buds, flowers, unripe berries, and ripe berries and were annotated using ground truth ROI and presented in YOLO format. The dataset includes 2039 high-resolution RGB images, with a total of 46,659 annotations provided by experts using Label Studio software (1.7.1). The images were taken in various weather conditions, at different times of the day, and from different angles, and they include fully visible buds, flowers, berries, and partially obscured buds. This dataset is intended to improve the efficiency of berry breeding and yield estimation and to identify the raspberry phenotype more accurately. It may also be useful for breeding other fruit crops, as it allows for the reliable detection and phenotyping of yield components at different stages of development. By providing a homogenized dataset of images taken on-site at the Institute of Horticulture in Dobele, Latvia, the RaspberrySet dataset offers a valuable resource for those working in horticulture. Dataset: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7014728 Dataset License: CC BY 4.0.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Flowering and fruit set in Japanese quince

The amount of flowers with defective pistils, drop of flowers after pollination, initial fruit set, drop of fruitlets and final fruit set were investigated for Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica). Pollen germination, pollen tube growth and fertilisation were studied at cross- and self-pollination. Embryo development was followed from fertilisation to mature fruit. The percentage of flowers with defective pistils was very high in most of the genotypes studied. This phenomenon seemed to be influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. In compatible (cross-) combinations, pollen tubes reached the base of the ovary within 2–5 days, and fertilisation took place 4–8 days after pollination. In incompatible combinations, pollen germination was slow, pollen tubes grew slowly and were often completely arrested in the style. The effective pollination period was estimated to be 3–5 days. The average initial fruit set was 21.1% (range 0–83.3%), whereas the final fruit set decreased to 10.4% (range 0–37.9%). During embryo development some deviations from normal development were observed, which may influence final fruit set

Principles of Medical Ethics at the Department of Intensive Care from the Point of View of Patients

Bakalaura darba tēma “Medicīnas ētikas principi intensīvās terapijas nodaļā pacientu skatījumā”. Tēmas aktualitāti nosaka tas, ka mūsdienu veselības aprūpē jāuztur augsts ētikas standarts, it īpaši, lai palīdzētu veselības aprūpes speciālistiem un organizācijām virzīties uz šiem standartiem, kā arī pacientu aizsardzību, kuru var ietekmēt veselības aprūpes speciālistu uzvedība. Tādējādi, medicīnas ētikas principu ievērošana, nosakot uzvedības standartus, saizsargā ne tikai pacientus, bet arī veselības aprūpes sniedzējus un iestādes, kā arī veicina pacientu, profesionālo kolēģu un visas sabiedrības uzticību. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot pacientu skatījumu par medicīnas ētikas principiem intensīvās terapijas nodaļā. Pētniecības metode ir kvalitatīvā un darba instruments - strukturētā intervija. Pētījumā izvirzītā jautājuma par to, kāds ir pacientu skatījums par medicīnas ētikas principiem intensīvās terapijas nodaļā analīze norāda, ka ar intervijas jautājumu palīdzību, kas veidoti par medicīnas ētikas principiem, respondenti ir snieguši katrs savu skatījumu par tiem. Respondenti sniedz savu viedokli atkarībā no savas pieredzes un skatījuma par medicīnas ētikas principu realizāciju intensīvajā terapijas nodaļā. Kā būtiskākos var minēt pašnoteikšanās trūkumu, kā arī daļēju, nepilnīgu informācijas saņemšanu ordinētai medikamentozai terapijai, kas atbilst medicīnas ētikas autonomijas principam. ITN pacientiem māsas velta uzmanību pacientu vēlmēm, komfortam un labsajūtai, tādā veidā nodrošinot psihoemocionālo atbalstu. Taču, mēdz būt situācijas, kur šis atbalsts ir nepietiekams. Katram respondentam ir savs skatījums par laba darīšanu un nekaitēšanu. Dominējošie faktori ir atbildība, ko atzīmēja 4 respondenti un uzmanība, ko atzīmēja 2 respondenti. Atslēgas vārdi: ētikas principi, intensīvā terapija, autonomija, nekaitēšana, laba darīšana, taisnīgumsThe theme of the Bachelor’s Paper “Principles of Medical Ethics at the Department of Intensive Care from the Point of View of Patients”. The topicality of the theme is determined by the obligation to maintain high ethical standards in contemporary healthcare, especially, in order to help healthcare specialists and organisations on their way towards reaching these standards, as well as the protection of patients, which can be affected by the behaviour of healthcare specialists. Thus, compliance with the principles of medical ethics, when determining health standards, protects not only patients, but also the providers of healthcare services and medical institutions, as well as promotes the trust of patients, professional colleagues and the entire public. The objective of the paper is to determine the opinion of patients regarding the principles of medical ethics at the department of intensive care. The method of research is the qualitative method and the instrument of work - structured interview. The analysis of the research question regarding the opinion of the patients on the principles of medical ethics at the intensive care department demonstrates that interview questions that have been designed to collect information about the principles of medical ethics have resulted in each of the respondents providing their own opinion on the principles of medical ethics. The respondents have provided their opinion depending on their experience and opinion on the implementation of ethical principles at the department of intensive care. Among the most important issues, the lack of self-determination and the receipt of partial - incomplete information on the prescribed medication therapy could be mentioned, which are related to the principle of autonomy of medical ethics. Nurses pay attention to the desires, comfort and well-being of intensive care department patients, thus ensuring psycho-emotional support. However, situations may occur, where this support is insufficient. Each respondent has their own opinion on the provision of benefit and avoiding harm. The dominant factors include responsibility, which was noted by 4 respondents and attention, which was mentioned by 2 respondents. Key words: principles of ethics, intensive care, autonomy, non-infliction of harm, provision of benefit, fairnes

Criminological characteristics of juvenile delinquency

Tiesību zinātneTiesību zinātneLaw ScienceLaw ScienceNepilngadīgo noziedzība ir problēma, kas risināma kopīgiem spēkiem iesaistoties visām institūcijām, kuras realizē bērnu tiesību aizsardzību. Nepilngadīgo noziedzība ir pētāma izmantojot nepilngadīgo noziedzības kriminoloģiskos aspektus. Darbā ir pētīti un analizēti nepilngadīgo noziedzības determinanti, statistikas dati. Darbs “Nepilngadīgo noziedzības kriminoloģiskās problēmas” sastāv no ievada, trīs nodaļām, secinājumiem un priekšlikumiem. Darba pirmajā nodaļā ir aprakstīts nepilngadīgo noziedzības jēdziens un būtība. Nepilngadīgo noziedzības stāvoklis, tendences un struktūra. Nepilngadīgo noziedzīgo nodarījumu izdarījušo personu raksturojums. Darba otrajā nodaļā ir atspoguļots nepilngadīgo noziedzības nosakošo faktoru raksturojums, savukārt trešajā nodaļā tiek pētīts nepilngadīgo noziedzības novēršanas stāvoklis un perspektīvas. Nobeigumā apkopotas darba izstrādes gaitā gūtās atziņas un secinājumi. Darbā izmantoti 15 literatūras avoti, Latvijas republikas normatīvie akti un interneta resursi. Pētījuma mērķis ir izanalizēt nepilngadīgo noziedzības stāvokli Latvijā un noteiktu perspektīvas tās novēršanā. Darbā gūtie pētījuma rezultāti: Nepilngadīgo noziedzīgajiem nodarījumiem, galvenokārt, ir savtīgs raksturs. Nepilngadīgo personu atbalsta sistēma nesasniedz mērķi, vienota pārskata iegūšana par nepilngadīgo noziedzību kopumā no NPAIS nav iespējama, nepieciešams atteikties no administratīvās atbildības nepilngadīgajiem, Latvijā nav vienotas uzraugošās iestādes, kura koordinētu un vadītu sadarbību starp visām bērnu tiesību aizsardzības iestādēm NPAIS ietvaros. Darba apjoms ir 60 lapas. Atslēgvārdi: Nepilngadīgo noziedzība, noziedzību veicinošie faktori, prevencija, likumpārkāpums, uzvedība, starpinstitucionālā sadarbība.Juvenile delinquency is a problem that must be tackled with the joint efforts of all the institutions that protect the rights of the child. The subject is studied using the criminological aspects of juvenile delinquency. The determinants and statistics of juvenile delinquency are studied and analyzed in the work. Title for Bachelor Thesis is “Criminological problems of juvenile delinquency in Latvia”. The study consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions and proposals. The first chapter describes the concept and essence of juvenile delinquency, including status, trends and structure of it and characteristics of persons who have committed an unlawful act as a minor. The second chapter presents the characteristics of the determinants of juvenile delinquency. The third chapter examines the situation and perspectives of juvenile delinquency prevention. In conclusion, the findings and conclusions of the study are summarized. Fifteen literature sources, normative acts of the Republic of Latvia and Internet resources are used in the study. Bachelor thesis aims to analyze the situation of juvenile delinquency in Latvia and to determine the perspectives for its prevention. Research results obtained in the study: Juvenile delinquency is mainly selfish The juvenile support system does not achieve its goals, obtaining a unified report on juvenile delinquency in general from NPAIS is not possible, there is no need for administrative responsibility of minors, Latvia does not have a unified supervisory authority to coordinate and manage cooperation between NPAIS. The study consists of 60 pages. Keywords: juvenile delinquency, factors contributing to crime, prevention, offense, behaviour, interinstitutional cooperation

Solutions to labor disputes on termination of employment relations

Autores bakalaura darba tēma ir „Risinājumi strīdos par darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanu”. Darba likumā šo gadu laikā ir veikti 17 grozījumi, kas liecina par likuma sākotnējās redakcijas nepilnību. Latvijā pirmstiesas strīdu risināšana bieži notiek ar Valsts darba inspekcijas starpniecību. Savukārt, darba stīdu izskatīšanai tiesā ir stabila tendence, proti, to skaits joprojām ir liels. Jāteic, ka darba strīdu izskatīšana tiesā ir ārkārtīgi laikietilpīgs un, bieži vien, dārgs process, kas nav izdevīgi abām strīdā iesaistītajām pusēm. Joprojām nav rastas iespējas, kādā veidā šo problēmu varētu atrisināt. Papildus minētajam, Darba likuma ietvaros joprojām ir panti, kuru redakciju uzlabošana varētu veicināt darba strīdu samazināšanos. Ņemot vērā visu augstāk minēto, autores izvēlētа bakalaura darba tēmа „Risinājumi strīdos par darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanu” ir joprojām aktuāla. Darba mērķis ir konstatēt galvenās ar darba strīdiem par darba tiesisko attiecību izbeigšanu saistītas problēmas un izstrādāt priekšlikumus kompetento iestāžu un likumdevēja darbībām šo problēmjautājumu novēršanai, kas ne tikai uzlabotu valsts normatīvo regulējumu attiecībā uz darba strīdu risināšanu, bet arī ļautu maksimāli izvairīties no strīdīgajām situācijām, tādā veidā arī atslogojot tiesu sistēmu un samazinot strīdu izskatīšanas termiņus, kā arī ar to saistītās izmaksas. Līdz ar to, darba uzdevums ir izpētīt darba strīdu jēdzienu un būtību, to izveidošanās iemeslus un sekas, darba strīdu izsķiršanas tiesiskos pamatus, spēkā esošo normatīvo regulējumu attiecībā uz darba srīdu risināšanas iespējām, aktuālāko tiesu praksi, atsevišķu speciālistu viedokļus, kā arī citu Baltijas valstu praksi. Darba izstrādes pamatā tiks izmantota vēsturiskās izpētes metode, sistēmiskās pētniecības metode, kā arī salīdzinošā metode.Author’s bachelor thesis is “Solutions to labor disputes on termination of employment relations”. In Labor law during these years have been made 17 amendments, it shows the original version of law loophole. In Latvia pre-trial settlement of disputes solves in State Labour Inspectorate. Anyway labor disputes have stabil tendencies in courts. Solution of labor disputes in courts is very long and expensive process and it’s not beneficial for both sides involved in disputes. Still there are not solutions for this problem. Moreover, Labor Law still includes articles which have to be improved and it could reduce number of labor disputes. That is why author’s bachelor thesis “Solutions to labor disputes on termination of employment relations” is still topical. The aim of this work is to find main problems connected with labor disputes and to develop proposals for competent public authorities, for legislature to solve problems. Proposals will improve the regulatory framework and will able to avode disputes. It will relieve justice system as well. This aim is to explore the concept and essence of labor dispute, main causes of this disputes, regulatory framework, actual case law and explore the regulatory framework of other Baltic states. Thesis is based on historical method of exploring, systemic and comparative method of exploring

POPULARISATION OF GASTRONOMIC TOURISM IN LATVIA

Population travel habits are important for the tourism industry. The supply of tourism services is oriented towards the various interests of tourists and a broad target audience. Enjoying food in the country’s municipalities is considered an essential component of authenticity of that setting, as it provides different experiences and an opportunity to develop gastronomic tourism and creates new, innovative tourism products and routes, the development and popularisation of which requires cooperation between private and public sector organisations. The research aim is to examine the popularisation of gastronomic tourism in Latvia

Cooperation for Renewal of Local Cultural Heritage in Rural Communities: Case Study of the Night of Legends in Latvia

The aim of the paper is to describe the phenomenon of the Night of Legends in Latvia particularly focusing on the case of manors in Jelgava county. This event aims to preserve and promote local cultural heritage by active involvement of local community members and visitors (individuals, amateur groups, local businesses, schools, etc.). Thematic activities in manors and palaces are targeted to raise interest and cooperation, what in turn extends the tourist season. The event is organized by the Latvian Association of Castles, Palaces and Manors. The paper includes an analysis of the event’s offer in the context of preservation of cultural heritage as well as interviews with tourism specialists from Jelgava county, particularly involved in organizing the Night of Legends