Sexism in Children\u27s Literature

The Little Miss Muffet syndrome, which depicts females as helpless, easily frightened, and dreadfully dull occurs repeatedly in children\u27s literature

Church Library Project Trinity Baptist Church Benton, Arkansas

Trinity Baptist Church Library was organized in 1968 as a project of the local Women\u27s Missionary Union. It has been under the direction of several different people, thus the library had been subjected to several different systems of management. None of the aforementioned library directors had any training in library science, so not only were their procedures diversified but they were also sometimes incorrect. It was my task to being correcting the errors that had been made and to initiate some new programs that would be beneficial to the church library system

Personal, Professional, and Educational Characteristics of Illinois Women Superintendents in 1987

This study reviewed the personal, professional, and educational characteristics of the Illinois women superintendents in 1987. A questionnaire was mailed to the twenty-two women superintendents. Eighteen of them replied. The three specific problems addressed by the study were: 1. What are the personal, professional, and educational characteristics of Illinois women superintendents in 1987? 2. What are the special problems encountered by women superintendents? 3. What advice do the present women superintendents in Illinois offer to women aspiring to become superintendents? The responses were based on the perceptions of the eighteen women superintendents who replied. The questionnaire results were reported in averages and percentages. Several conclusions were determined by the study. They were as follows: 1. Eleven percent of the fathers and twenty-two percent of the mothers of Illinois women superintendents have a college degree. 2. Seventy-two percent of the women superintendents were from rural, small towns. 3. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were married. 4. Fifty percent of the respondents have a doctorate degree. 5. All but two are superintendents of elementary districts. 6. Only one woman superintendent in Illinois serves a district with a student population over one thousand. 7. Sixty-one percent of the respondents developed their careers in more than one district. 8. Exactly half of the respondents were committed to a particular geographical area and half were willing to move in order to develop their careers. 9. Sixty-seven percent of the women superintendents believe the superintendency has high demands and high rewards. 10. Fifty-five percent of the respondents believe their college preparation to be only adequate. 11. There was strong agreement among the women superintendents that: a. Women usually must be better than their male competitors to be considered for an administrative appointment. b. Men, in general, believe men are better leaders than women. c. Women frequently do not receive salary, title, and status to match their responsibilities. d. Agressiveness is usually viewed as a negative trait in women. 12. The best advice for women aspiring to become superintendents in Illinois according to the eighteen respondents was: a. Establish your career goals early and make your decisions on the basis of those goals. b. Build your own “good ol’ boy” network--keep in contact with women and men who can help you in your career and be eager to help them. c. Become a mentor to other women who have potential to be administrators

What the Benefits of Enlarging NATO Again Might Be

Each book reviewed here offers a different perspective on the relationships be- tween the United States and Europe, between the West and Russia, and among NATO allies. This topic has become especially important to students of interna- tional security in light of the issues surrounding the decision to go to war with Iraq and the divisions that this decision caused between the United States and its NATO allies in Europe. In spite of the different approaches taken by each book, certain common themes emerge

Personal, Professional, and Educational Characteristics of Illinois Women Superintendents in 1987

This study reviewed the personal, professional, and educational characteristics of the Illinois women superintendents in 1987. A questionnaire was mailed to the twenty-two women superintendents. Eighteen of them replied. The three specific problems addressed by the study were: 1. What are the personal, professional, and educational characteristics of Illinois women superintendents in 1987? 2. What are the special problems encountered by women superintendents? 3. What advice do the present women superintendents in Illinois offer to women aspiring to become superintendents? The responses were based on the perceptions of the eighteen women superintendents who replied. The questionnaire results were reported in averages and percentages. Several conclusions were determined by the study. They were as follows: 1. Eleven percent of the fathers and twenty-two percent of the mothers of Illinois women superintendents have a college degree. 2. Seventy-two percent of the women superintendents were from rural, small towns. 3. Sixty-six percent of the respondents were married. 4. Fifty percent of the respondents have a doctorate degree. 5. All but two are superintendents of elementary districts. 6. Only one woman superintendent in Illinois serves a district with a student population over one thousand. 7. Sixty-one percent of the respondents developed their careers in more than one district. 8. Exactly half of the respondents were committed to a particular geographical area and half were willing to move in order to develop their careers. 9. Sixty-seven percent of the women superintendents believe the superintendency has high demands and high rewards. 10. Fifty-five percent of the respondents believe their college preparation to be only adequate. 11. There was strong agreement among the women superintendents that: a. Women usually must be better than their male competitors to be considered for an administrative appointment. b. Men, in general, believe men are better leaders than women. c. Women frequently do not receive salary, title, and status to match their responsibilities. d. Agressiveness is usually viewed as a negative trait in women. 12. The best advice for women aspiring to become superintendents in Illinois according to the eighteen respondents was: a. Establish your career goals early and make your decisions on the basis of those goals. b. Build your own “good ol’ boy” network--keep in contact with women and men who can help you in your career and be eager to help them. c. Become a mentor to other women who have potential to be administrators

Death in Children\u27s Literature

Mr. Wordsworth posed an interesting question. What should a child know about death? Often we try to protect children from death. Euphemisms are used regarding death. People and pets do not die, they pass away, go to sleep, or go to live in heaven. When a death occurs in a family, the adults often say of a young child, It doesn\u27t seem to bother him. Maybe he doesn\u27t realize what has happened. Other people may mention that He has accepted it so well. Children adapt so easily

Size Matters: Gastric Pouch Size as a Predictor of Weight Loss Following Laparoscopic Roux-Y Gastric Bypass

Introduction: The identification of relevant components of successful weight reduction surgery is the most important endeavor in the latest research aiming to increase excess weight loss. Over the past twenty years there has been ongoing discussion about the importance of gastric pouch size as one of the key factors influencing weight loss after restrictive weight reduction surgery. The goal of our analysis is to determine the relationship between pouch size and weight reduction following laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). Methods: Between August 2002 and March 2005, 321 LRYGB procedures were performed at the same institution. Patient demographics were entered into a longitudinal, prospective database. Upper gastrointestinal series were performed in all patients on postoperative day one. Assuming that pouch depth remained constant, pouch size was calculated as area (cm²) utilizing digital imaging technology and internal standardization for measurement. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between pouch size and weight loss at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Adjustment was made for age, gender, and preoperative BMI. Results: Mean age was 41 years (range, 17-64); 262 patients were female (81.6%); mean preoperative BM I was 51.1 kg/m² (range, 36.1-89.9 kg/m²). Mean 6 month %EWL was 50.5 (range, 13.4-85.5%) and mean 12 month %EWL was 62.5 (range, 14.6-98.1). Mean pouch size was 63.9 cm2 (range, 8.6-248.0 cm² ). A statistically significant inverse correlation between pouch size and %EWL was found at 6 months (β = -0.241, p\u3c0.01) and at 12 months (β = -0.302, p\u3c0.02). A significant correlation was found between pouch size, male gender and preoperative BMI but not between pouch size and age. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that gastric pouch size is one important component for successful weight reduction following LRYGB. The creation of a small gastric pouch should be encouraged as an initial step towards ideal weight loss

Book Reviews

Reviews of the following books: Bootleggers, Lobstermen & Lumberjacks: Fifty of the Grittiest Moments in the History of Harscrabble New England by Matthew P. Mayo; Remarkable Americans: The Washburn Family by Kerck Kelsey; Historic Photos of Maine by Francis Pollitt; On Pownal Time: One Hundred Years in a Rural Maine Town by Donna Fulton Boyles, James G. Boyles, Craig Dietrich, Sherilyn R. Dietrich, Jennifer Blackstone Kaplan and Joseph R. Raymond; Frontier to Industrial City: Lewiston Town Politics, 1768-1863 by Douglas I. Hodgkin; In the Shadow of the Eagle by Donna Loring; The Land In Between: the Upper St. John Valley from Prehistory to World War One by Beatrice Craig & Maxime Dagenais with the collaboration of Lisa Ornstein and Guy Dubay; Maine in the World: Stories of Some of Those from Here Who Went Away by Neil Rolde

“New” metastases are associated with a poorer prognosis than growth of pre-existing metastases in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with chemotherapy

Introduction: Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) endpoints often only weakly correlate. This analysis investigates how different progression events impact on OS, using data from two phase 3 studies with eribulin in women with advanced/metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Methods: In Study 301, 1102 women with ≤2 prior chemotherapies for advanced/MBC were randomized to eribulin mesylate (1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 21 days) or capecitabine (1.25 g/m2 twice daily on days 1-14 every 21 days). Study 305/EMBRACE enrolled 762 patients following two to five prior chemotherapies for advanced/MBC, randomized to eribulin (as above) or treatment of physician's choice. We analyzed OS and PFS post hoc for patients whose disease progressed due to development of "new" metastases, growth of pre-existing lesions, and patients with no reported disease progression. Results: In both clinical studies, development of new metastases was associated with an increased risk of death (p < 0.0001). The time to development of new metastasis or death was significantly longer with eribulin than the comparator in Study 305 (p = 0.0017), but not in Study 301 (p = 0.46). Significantly longer OS was observed in the eribulin compared with the comparator arm for the new metastases subgroup in Study 301 (p = 0.008), but not in Study 305 (p = 0.16), compared with other progression subgroups. Conclusions: Patients with MBC progressing with new metastases have a worse prognosis than those whose disease progresses due to growth of existing lesions or patients with no reported disease progression. These findings have potentially important implications for the interpretation of clinical study data and clinical practice.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe