84 research outputs found
Peculiarities of Blazhko Stars: New Insights
With increasingly accurate data on RR Lyrae stars we find that the Blazhko
effect may be a rule rather than an exception. However, we still do not know
what is the cause of this mysterious amplitude and phase modulation. In my
talk, I intended to give a glimpse of the properties of Blazhko stars,
presenting recent findings concerning what makes Blazhko stars different from
their non-modulated counterparts. Recent observations of Blazhko stars obtained
from space give some important clues that deserve further exploration.Comment: To appear in the Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, volume
New systemic radial velocities of suspected RR Lyrae binary stars
Among the tens of thousands of known RR Lyrae stars there are only a handful
that show indications of possible binarity. The question why this is the case
is still unsolved, and has recently sparked several studies dedicated to the
search for additional RR Lyraes in binary systems. Such systems are
particularly valuable because they might allow to constrain the stellar mass.
Most of the recent studies, however, are based on photometry by finding a light
time effect in the timings of maximum light. This approach is a very promising
and successful one, but it has a major drawback: by itself, it cannot serve as
a definite proof of binarity, because other phenomena such as the Blazhko
effect or intrinsic period changes could lead to similar results. Spectroscopic
radial velocity measurements, on the other hand, can serve as definite proof of
binarity. We have therefore started a project to study spectroscopically RR
Lyrae stars that are suspected to be binaries. We have obtained radial velocity
(RV) curves with the 2.1m telescope at McDonald observatory. From these we
derive systemic RVs which we will compare to previous measurements in order to
find changes induced by orbital motions. We also construct templates of the RV
curves that can facilitate future studies. We also observed the most promising
RR Lyrae binary candidate, TU UMa, as no recent spectroscopic measurements were
available. We present a densely covered pulsational RV curve, which will be
used to test the predictions of the orbit models that are based on the O-C
variations.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the No. 105 issue of the
Communications from the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of
Science
The evolutionary nature of RV Tauri stars in the SMC and LMC
Based on their stellar parameters and the presence of a mid-IR excess due to
circumstellar dust, RV Tauri stars have been classified as post-AGB stars. Our
recent studies, however, reveal diverse SEDs among RV Tauri stars, suggesting
they may occupy other evolutionary channels as well. The aim of this paper is
to present the diverse SED characteristics of RV Tauri stars and investigate
their evolutionary nature as a function of their SEDs. We carried out a
systematic study of RV Tauri stars in the SMC and LMC because of their known
distances and hence luminosities. Their SEDs were classified in three groups:
dusty (disc-type), non-dusty (non-IR) and uncertain. A period-luminosity-
colour (PLC) relation was calibrated. The luminosities from the PLC were
complemented with the ones found using their SEDs and the stars were placed on
the HR-diagram. The four main results from this study are: 1) RV Tauri stars
with a clear IR-excess have disc-type SEDs, which indicates that the dust is
trapped in a stable disc. Given the strong link between disc-type SEDs and
binarity in the Galaxy, we postulate that these are binaries as well. These
cover a range of luminosities and we argue that the more luminous ones are
post-AGB stars while the lower luminosity ones are likely post-Red Giant Branch
(post-RGB) stars. 2) Two of these objects have variable mean brightness with
periods of 916 and 850 days, respectively, caused by variable extinction during
orbital motion. 3) The non-dusty RV Tauri stars and the objects with an
uncertain SED evolve such that the circumstellar dust has dispersed. If they
are single stars, they are post-AGB objects of low initial mass ( 1.25
M), while if they are binaries, the low-luminosity part of the sample
are likely post-RGB stars. 4) We find that RV Tauri stars with dust are on
average more luminous than the rest of the sample.Comment: 32 Pages, Accepted to be published in A&
Discovery of the magnetic field in the B1/B2V star sigma Lupi
The ultraviolet stellar wind lines of the photometrically periodic variable
early B-type star sigma Lupi were found to behave very similarly to what has
been observed in known magnetic B stars, although no periodicity could be
determined. AAT spectropolarimetric measurements with SEMPOL were obtained. We
detected a longitudinal magnetic field with varying strength and amplitude of
about 100 G with error bars of typically 20 G. This type of variability
supports an oblique magnetic rotator model. We fold the equivalent width of the
4 usable UV spectra in phase with the well-known photometric period of 3.019
days, which we identify with the rotation period of the star. The magnetic
field variations are consistent with this period. Additional observations with
ESPaDOnS attached to the CFHT strongly confirmed this discovery, and allowed to
determine a precise magnetic period. Like in the other magnetic B stars the
wind emission likely originates in the magnetic equatorial plane, with maximum
emission occurring when a magnetic pole points towards the Earth. The 3.0182 d
magnetic rotation period is consistent with the photometric period, with
maximum light corresponding to maximum magnetic field. No helium or other
chemical peculiarity is known for this object.Comment: 2 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the proceedings of IAU Symposium
272, Active OB stars - structure, evolution, mass loss, and critical limit
Photometric and radial-velocity time-series of RR Lyrae stars in M3: analysis of single-mode variables
We present the first simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic investigation of a large set of RR Lyrae variables in a globular cluster. The radial-velocity data presented comprise the largest sample of RVs of RR Lyrae stars ever obtained. The target is M3; BVI_C time-series of 111 and b flux data of further 64 RRab stars, and RV data of 79 RR Lyrae stars are published. Blazhko modulation of the light curves of 47 percent of the RRab stars are detected. The mean value of the center-of-mass velocities of RR Lyrae stars is −146.8 km/s with 4.52 km/s standard deviation, which is in vgood agreement with the results obtained for the red giants of the cluster. The Φ21 RV
phase difference of the RV curves of RRab stars is found to be uniformly constant both for the M3 and for Galactic field RRab stars; no period or metallicity dependence of the Φ21 RV is detected. The Baade-Wesselink distances of 26 non-Blazhko variables with the best phase-coverage radial-velocity curves are determined; the corresponding distance of the cluster, 10480±210 pc, agrees with the previous literature information. A quadratic formula for the Apuls−AV relation of RRab stars is given, which is valid for both OoI and OoII variables. We also show that the (V − I)0 of RRab stars measured at light minimum is period dependent, there is at least 0.1 mag difference between the colours at minimum light of the shortest- and longest-period variables
The Blazko Project: Joint Efforts in Solving a Century-old Problem
Almost a century after its discovery, the phenomenon of amplitude and/or phase modulation, observed in a large percentage of the RR Lyrae stars, still lacks widely acceptable theoretical understanding. Recent attempts to theoretically explain the effect focus on two alternatives: the magnetic models and the resonances models, both involving the presence of nonradial pulsation components.
In this paper the Blazhko Project is presented, a larger international collaboration focused on understanding the Blazhko effect. The aim of the project is to combine spectroscopic and photometric data from a sample of well-selected Blazhko and non-Blazhko stars, in order to reveal crucial information on the physical mechanism responsible for the modulation.
The possible key to the century-old Blazhko puzzle lies in the detailed study of the line profile variations (LPV) over the pulsation and Blazhko cycle. We briefly discuss the methodology of the project.status: publishe
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