Myocardial Infarction: A Comprehensive Review

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a critical medical condition resulting from the blockage of one or more coronary arteries. MI has been classified differently over time, with the most recent classification proposed by the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology. This new classification considers various types of MI based on clinical presentations and underlying mechanisms. MI is a significant public health issue globally, with a high prevalence and a substantial impact on healthcare resources and the economy. The pathophysiology of MI is multifactorial, with factors such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and inflammation playing crucial roles. Complications of MI can include heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis of MI involves clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and biomarker testing. Treatment of MI includes reperfusion therapy, medical management, and cardiac rehabilitation. Reperfusion therapy, including thrombolytic therapy and primary percutaneous coronary intervention, is the cornerstone of treatment for ST-segment elevation MI. Medical management involves antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapy, as well as beta-blockers, while cardiac rehabilitation can help improve cardiovascular function and reduce the risk of further cardiac events. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for improving outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with MI

Effect of Kasni seed preparations on serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels in newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) reported to play an important role in the effective management of serum liver enzymes SGPT & SGOT in various animal models and this study is extension to newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: Newly diagnosed 90 patients of Type2 DM, age 35-65years, of either sex were divided into 3 groups. In group I only Metformin sustained release once a day and in group II/III 6 grams crude seed powder or 50 ml decoction of crude seed powder was given twice a day for 90 days in combination with Metformin sustained release orally once in a day. Serum liver enzyme levels of SGPT & SGOT were measured at zero, 30th, 60th and 90th day.Results: All the three groups showed a significant reduction in SGPT & SGOT across the four time periods. Post hoc Tukey HSD test shown that there was a significant difference between group I & II (p=0.011) and group I & III (p=0.000) for SGPT and group I & II (p=0.012) and group I & III (p=0.000) for SGOT.Conclusions: The add on  therapy with Kasni seed preparations is more effective for the management of altered SGPT and SGOT levels in Type2 diabetes mellitus patients than only oral hypoglycaemic agent in decreasing SGPT & SGOT of selected patients. Among Kasni seed preparation treated groups, decoction was found more effective than crude seed powder.

Disturbed Presynaptic Ca2+ Signaling in Photoreceptors in the EAE Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease caused by an auto-reactive immune system. Recent studies also demonstrated synapse dysfunctions in MS patients and MS mouse models. We previously observed decreased synaptic vesicle exocytosis in photoreceptor synapses in the EAE mouse model of MS at an early, preclinical stage. In the present study, we analyzed whether synaptic defects are associated with altered presynaptic Ca2+ signaling. Using high-resolution immunolabeling, we found a reduced signal intensity of Cav-channels and RIM2 at active zones in early, preclinical EAE. In line with these morphological alterations, depolarization-evoked increases of presynaptic Ca2+ were significantly smaller. In contrast, basal presynaptic Ca2+ was elevated. We observed a decreased expression of Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase 2 (PMCA2), but not PMCA1, in photoreceptor terminals of EAE mice that could contribute to elevated basal Ca2+. Thus, complex Ca2+ signaling alterations contribute to synaptic dysfunctions in photoreceptors in early EAE

Fine mapping of the linkage group 2 drought tolerance QTL in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.]

Pearl millet is an important cereal crop capable of growing in semi-arid, arid and marginal regions of the world. Drought is a major abiotic constraint affecting pearl millet production globally. Previously identified and validated major linkage group 2 (LG2) drought tolerance (DT) QTL contributing to hybrid grain and stover yield potential to terminal drought stress is being fine mapped. The fine mapping population was generated by crossing two near-isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the LG2 DT QTL. A modified double digest restriction site associated DNA (ddRAD) technique using SphI and MluCI enzyme combination was employed. A total of 290 out of 6,067 F2 mapping population of the cross (H77/833-2-P10 × ICMR 01029-P10), and parents were genotyped on Illumina HiSeq2500. Out of 52,028 SNPs that were identified from a total of 888.85 million reads at a read depth of 10 in the mapping population, a total of 6,821 SNPs were used for mapping. The genotypic data of these SNPs were used in combination with that of seven SSRs that had known linkage relationship with LG2 DT QTL interval. Linkage map was constructed using QTL IciMapping 4.1 software at a LOD threshold of 3.0. A total of 189 SNPs anchored to seven SSRs were mapped to the LG2 DT QTL. The length of linkage group (LG) was 639.72 cM (Haldane units) with an average inter-marker distance of 6.73 cM. In order to refine the fine mapping process, ddRAD technique is being further employed for genotyping rest of the fine mapping population

Analysis of Some Checkpointing Schemes for Distributed Mobile Computing Systems

There exist mobile nodes in a distributed system, which arises some new issues like mobility, disconnections, low bandwidth of wireless channels, limited battery power capacity and lack of reliable stable storage on mobile nodes, that need proper handling when we design a checkpointing algorithm for distributed systems. It is not easy to predict whether the system will prolong to perform throughout or till approved time. Checkpoint is defined as a specify state in a program at which normal process is disrupted typically to maintain the information of status mandatory to allow renewal of processing at a later time in issue of a failure. This paper gives a summary of checkpointing strategies for mobile networks which are categories on the basis of quality of service of wireless networks, based on mobile agents, considering the mobility of MHs and transmission of checkpoints. We also represent a survey of some checkpointing algorithms for distributed systems

Effect of different wire materials on WEDM performance of Bio-compatible material

The present experimental investigation aims to analyse the effect of various machining parameters, such as pulse peak current (Ion), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and spark voltage (SV) on the surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate(MRR) by using continuous traveling of both wire electrode (i.e. brass wire and zinc-coated brass wire). The present work also analyses the effect of types of wires, such as brass wire and zinc-coated brass wire used during machining of Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) on Surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR). This work studies the correlation between various response parameter such SR and MRR by using same machining parameter by for both wires