Sustainable Fisheries & Coastal Zoning in Montserrat: Legal & Institutional Assessment of Authorities & Approaches

In February 2015, the Government of Montserrat and the Waitt Institute signed a memorandum of understanding to launch Blue Halo Montserrat, a comprehensive ocean and coastal management project with a goal of sustainable management of Montserrat's ocean and coastal waters. BHM seeks to develop a Montserrat Sustainable Ocean Policy that will ensure long-term health of Montserrat's waters through ocean zoning, protected areas, and fisheries reforms. This Report is an evaluation of Montserrat's laws and institutions to support the design and implementation of a comprehensive ocean zoning and management system in the country as part of the Blue Halo Initiative. The Report identifies existing authorities to achieve a comprehensive ocean zoning system in the waters surrounding Montserrat, evaluates potential options for ocean planning and management implementation, and provides recommendations for ways to develop a comprehensive ocean management system for Montserrat. The Report recognizes that comprehensive ocean management should build from the existing legal system, take pragmatic steps given anticipated capacity and funding, and provide effective incentives and requirements to ensure compliance and long-term sustainability of ocean resources

Effects of Climate Change on Aquatic Invasive Species and Implications for Management and Research (PowerPoint presentation)

Contents: Five Key Lessons from Report Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Invasive Species may… Other stressors may… Why focus on AIS? This Report Includes Report Process Climate Change & Invasion Pathway Climate Change & Interacting Stressors AIS Management Activities State Managers’ Reported Concerns Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change Accounting for Changing Conditions Information & Research Needs Research Recommendations Possible Next Steps On-going Activitie

Effects of Climate Change on Aquatic Invasive Species and Implications for Management and Research (PowerPoint presentation)

Contents: Five Key Lessons from Report Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Ecosystems Climate Change Effects on Aquatic Invasive Species may… Other stressors may… Why focus on AIS? This Report Includes Report Process Climate Change & Invasion Pathway Climate Change & Interacting Stressors AIS Management Activities State Managers’ Reported Concerns Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change Accounting for Changing Conditions Information & Research Needs Research Recommendations Possible Next Steps On-going Activitie

Sea urchin sperm membrane glycoproteins

Fertilization is a multi-step process that involves contact, binding, and fusion of sperm and eggs. In most deuterostomes, sperm must undergo a process called the acrosome reaction (AR) before fusion can occur. The AR is induced by contact between the egg and sperm, resulting in a complex signaling cascade, which leads to the exocytosis of an acrosomal vesicle found at the tip of the sperm head and the polymerization of actin to form the acrosomal process. This process results in a newly exposed membrane that fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg.In the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is capable of blocking the egg jelly induced AR. WGA is a lectin that binds N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid. One WGA-binding protein, receptor for egg jelly 1 (suREJl) has been identified as binding to the AR-inducing substance, fucose sulfate polymer of egg jelly. Also, monoclonal antibodies to suREJl are capable of inducing the AR. The focus of this dissertation is to identify and characterize other WGA-binding proteins in an effort to identify the important cell surface receptors involved in the sea urchin AR.Chapter I introduces the glycobiology of fertilization in deuterostomes. Chapter II describes the known members of the sea urchin REJ family, suREJl, suREJ2 and suREJ3. These are large multi domain membrane receptors related to the polycystic kidney disease proteins, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. suREJl is known to be a involved in the AR, and indirect evidence indicates suREJ3's involvement, as is discussed in chapter III. Chapter IV identifies another WGA-binding protein as an ATP-binding cassettte (ABC) transporter belonging to the human subfamily A. Members of this subfamily are involved in lipid and cholesterol transport. It is known that cholesterol must be removed from mammalian sperm before they can acrosome react. suABCA may have a similar function. Chapter VI gives general conclusions about these newly discovered proteins and gives suggestions for future work. Appendix A describes another putative suREJ protein, suREJX, and Appendix B demonstrates the presence of REJ proteins in sea urchin embryos

Sea urchin sperm membrane glycoproteins

Fertilization is a multi-step process that involves contact, binding, and fusion of sperm and eggs. In most deuterostomes, sperm must undergo a process called the acrosome reaction (AR) before fusion can occur. The AR is induced by contact between the egg and sperm, resulting in a complex signaling cascade, which leads to the exocytosis of an acrosomal vesicle found at the tip of the sperm head and the polymerization of actin to form the acrosomal process. This process results in a newly exposed membrane that fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg.In the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) is capable of blocking the egg jelly induced AR. WGA is a lectin that binds N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and sialic acid. One WGA-binding protein, receptor for egg jelly 1 (suREJl) has been identified as binding to the AR-inducing substance, fucose sulfate polymer of egg jelly. Also, monoclonal antibodies to suREJl are capable of inducing the AR. The focus of this dissertation is to identify and characterize other WGA-binding proteins in an effort to identify the important cell surface receptors involved in the sea urchin AR.Chapter I introduces the glycobiology of fertilization in deuterostomes. Chapter II describes the known members of the sea urchin REJ family, suREJl, suREJ2 and suREJ3. These are large multi domain membrane receptors related to the polycystic kidney disease proteins, polycystin-1 and polycystin-2. suREJl is known to be a involved in the AR, and indirect evidence indicates suREJ3's involvement, as is discussed in chapter III. Chapter IV identifies another WGA-binding protein as an ATP-binding cassettte (ABC) transporter belonging to the human subfamily A. Members of this subfamily are involved in lipid and cholesterol transport. It is known that cholesterol must be removed from mammalian sperm before they can acrosome react. suABCA may have a similar function. Chapter VI gives general conclusions about these newly discovered proteins and gives suggestions for future work. Appendix A describes another putative suREJ protein, suREJX, and Appendix B demonstrates the presence of REJ proteins in sea urchin embryos

Rights and Roles: Alaska Natives and Ocean and Coastal Subsistence Resources

This article explores the strengths and weaknesses of the two pillars of the framework for managing marine subsistence resources in Alaska: the pillar that protects Alaska Native rights to marine subsistence resources, and the pillar that protects the resources themselves. It focuses on how well the pillars support subsistence practices and Alaska Native leadership in the management framework. Part I summarizes the management challenge posed by the effects rapid climate change is causing in the Arctic, including impacts to the marine subsistence resources upon which Alaska Natives depend. Part II explores the laws and doctrines related to Alaska Native subsistence hunting and fishing rights in the marine environment and the benefits and drawbacks of the framework. Part III examines Alaska Native involvement in the existing system for managing and protecting subsistence marine resources and ensuring their long-term sustainability. The goal of the paper is to provide the reader with an understanding of the framework that defines Alaska Natives\u27 rights to use marine subsistence resources and to engage in managing the resources themselves