Parent-Child Communication about Substance Use: Experiences of Latino Emerging Adults

The purpose of the current studies was to identify messages that Latino parents communicate to their offspring about the use of legal and illegal drugs and to determine associations between parental messages and substance use outcomes. Previous research has identified parent-child communication as protective against tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use. However, most of these studies have failed to examine the specific messages communicated and those that have focused almost exclusively on non-Hispanic Caucasians. Study 1 identified messages that Latino parents communicate to their offspring regarding legal and illegal drugs through two focus groups with Latino college students (N = 7; ages 18-25). Many parental messages expressed in the focus groups were consistent with previous research. However, two distinct messages emerged from the focus groups: abstaining from substance use for religious reasons and because it would be disrespectful to parents. Results of qualitative analyses were combined with previous research identifying parental messages about substance use to create a 75-item questionnaire assessing the degree to which parents conveyed identified message types. Following the first study, an additional sample of Latino emerging adults (N = 222) was recruited from Virginia Commonwealth University, other Virginia colleges, and organizations with primarily Latino members in order to examine the psychometric properties of the newly developed questionnaire and to assess the associations between parental messages and substance use outcomes in Study 2. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) produced six components: Rewards & Punishments, Religious Beliefs, Never Addressed, Respecting Parents, Focus on Yourself, Negative Consequences of Use. These resulting components then were examined in association with substance use outcomes while also controlling for participants’ age, sex, religious commitment, familism, and acculturation. Results suggest that parental messages about substance use are differentially associated with substance use outcomes, with some messages appearing to be protective and other messages associated with increased risk. Further, select parental messages were strongly associated with the substance use patterns of Latino emerging adults while some messages were not related or marginally related to substance use. Specifically, messages focused on the negative consequences of use were most protective, while messages stressing rewards and punishments and respecting parents were associated with increased risk. These data indicate that attention to the specific messages parents communicate to their offspring regarding substance use, and not merely the frequency or openness of communication, is important. Implications, next steps for future research, and limitations of the current study are discussed

A qualitative analysis of what Latino parents and adolescents think and feel about language brokering

Abstract As the population of children living in immigrant and non-English speaking households continues to increase, children may be placed in the position to serve as an interpreter for their parents (i.e., a language broker). Relatively few studies, however, have obtained fathers' reactions to their children serving as language brokers or explored the reasons why language brokering is linked to positive and negative youth outcomes. We interviewed 25 Latino adolescents (14 girls, 11 boys) and their parents (18 mothers, 11 fathers) using a semi-structured interview protocol. Interviews were digitally recorded and then transcribed, and themes were coded from the transcripts. When describing positive feelings associated with language brokering, parents and youth talked about children helping the family and the benefit of speaking two languages. When youth shared negative feelings, they talked about difficulties when words were complex and beyond their own English/Spanish language abilities. Children seemed to find language brokering experiences in healthrelated settings particularly difficult. Our findings begin to shed light on a relatively unexplored area of language brokering thereby highlighting a need for more studies examining youth's understanding about the material being translated. Moreover, the relational aspect of language brokering within the family also merits further study given that for some families language brokering is a ''shared'' parent-child experience

Peritraumatic Dissociation and Peritraumatic Emotional Predictors of PTSD in Latino Youth: Results from the Hispanic Family Study

14 p.To take individual decisiones under uncertainty in the organizational sector, is largely related to the behavior of the economy. The failures or achievements in the market have an impact on the operational strategies established by a company's executives. This article focuses the bias of the influence to overconfidence in decision making; this behavior affects the rationalization and analysis of the decisions that are going to be taken against a situation. Based on this, I will carry out a reflexive analysis of “the influence of the excess of confidence in the decision-making under the uncertainty the company´s executives".La toma de decisiones individuales, bajo incertidumbre en el sector organizacional se relaciona en gran medida con el comportamiento de la economía. Las fallas del mercado o los logros en el mismo tienen incidencia en las estrategias operacionales que establezcan los directivos de una compañía. El presente artículo se focaliza en el sesgo de la influencia del exceso de confianza en las toma de decisiones, comportamiento que afecta la racionalización y análisis de las decisiones que se van a tomar frente a una situación. Partiendo de esto se pretende realizar un análisis reflexivo de “la influencia del exceso de confianza en la toma de decisiones bajo incertidumbre de los directivos de empresas”.EspecializaciónEspecialista En Gerencia De La Salu