Infancias indígenas. Los centros de atención a la niñez en Chiapas y el reto de la educación intercultural frente a la diversidad

The economic changes that have impacted indigenous communities in Chiapas, since the late twentieth century have generated migration and settlement in cities like Tuxtla, Tapachula, and San Cristobal de Las Casas. In the latter town, evidence shows an increase in the presence of indigenous children in public places with businesses or with tourists, in various conditions. Hence it identified the models of childcare for indigenous children, with those operating civil organizations and public agencies, in order to learn the concepts of childhood behind these institutions, their effectiveness and their cultural relevance. We present the way in which these centers address interculturalism in the provision of childcare and the challenges facing formal education in order to respond to the diversity of indigenous children.Las transformaciones económicas que han impactado en las comunidades indígenas en Chiapas desde los últimos años del siglo XX han generado procesos de migración hacia ciudades como Tuxtla, Tapachula o San Cristóbal de Las Casas.. Se identifican modelos de atención a la niñez indígena con los que operan organizaciones civiles y dependencias públicas, para conocer las concepciones de infancia que subyacen en estas instituciones, su eficacia y su pertinencia cultural. Exponemos las características de los centros que ofrecen atención a la infancia, cómo se asume el contexto intercultural y los retos que enfrenta la educación formal

Socialización infantil y estilos de aprendizaje. Aportes para la construcción de modelos de educación intercultural desde las prácticas cotidianas en una comunidad ch’ol

En este artículo se exponen las principales características de los estilos de aprendizaje expresados en las prácticas cotidianas de una comunidad ch’ol, señalando la importancia de integrar los modelos educativos interculturales y las relaciones que se establecen para el aprendizaje en los contextos domésticos y de la comunidad. Son estos elementos los que pueden permitir una continuidad socializadora de los niños en los espacios áulicos con base en los valores, metas y conocimientos culturales de las localidades donde se implementan los programas educativos oficiales, los cuales hasta el momento, sólo representan los valores e intereses del estado nacional

SOCIALIZACIÓN INFANTIL Y ESTILOS DE APRENDIZAJE. APORTES PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE MODELOS DE EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL DESDE LAS PRÁCTICAS COTIDIANAS EN UNA COMUNIDAD CH’OL

En este artículo se exponen las principales características de los estilos de aprendizaje expresados en las prácticas cotidianas de una comunidad ch’ol, señalando la importancia de integrar los modelos educativos interculturales y las relaciones que se establecen para el aprendizaje en los contextos domésticos y de la comunidad. Son estos elementos los que pueden permitir una continuidad socializadora de los niños en los espacios áulicos con base en los valores, metas y conocimientos culturales de las localidades donde se implementan los programas educativos oficiales, los cuales hasta el momento, sólo representan los valores e intereses del estado nacional.   ABSTRACT This paper presents the main learning style characteristics expressed in the everyday practices of a ch’ol community. It points to the importance of integrating intercultural educational models and learning-oriented relationships in everyday settings and community contexts. It is precisely these elements that can allow children continuity in their socialization process in the classroom based on the cultural values, goals and knowledge of the locations where official educational programs are implemented, which so far only represent the values and interests of the Mexican State

Physical Image Quality Metrics for the Characterization of X-ray Systems Used in Fluoroscopy-Guided Pediatric Cardiac Interventional Procedures: A Systematic Review

Pediatric interventional cardiology procedures are essential in diagnosing and treating congenital heart disease in children; however, they raise concerns about potential radiation exposure. Managing radiation doses and assessing image quality in angiographs becomes imperative for safe and effective interventions. This systematic review aims to comprehensively analyze the current understanding of physical image quality metrics relevant for characterizing X-ray systems used in fluoroscopy-guided pediatric cardiac interventional procedures, considering the main factors reported in the literature that influence this outcome. A search in Scopus and Web of Science, using relevant keywords and inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielded 14 relevant articles published between 2000 and 2022. The physical image quality metrics reported were noise, signal-to-noise ratio, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, and high-contrast spatial resolution. Various factors influencing image quality were investigated, such as polymethyl methacrylate thickness (often used to simulate water equivalent tissue thickness), operation mode, anti-scatter grid presence, and tube voltage. Objective evaluations using these metrics ensured impartial assessments for main factors affecting image quality, improving the characterization of fluoroscopic X-ray systems, and aiding informed decision making to safeguard pediatric patients during procedures

Insulin Sensitization by PPARγ and GLUT-4 Overexpression/Translocation Mediates the Antidiabetic Effect of <i>Plantago australis</i>

Plantago australis Lam. Subsp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn is a medicinal plant used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, throat cancer treatment and for the control of diabetes. P. australis was collected in the state of Morelos, México. The hydroalcoholic extract (HAEPa) of P. australis was obtained by maceration and concentrated in vacuo. Once dry, it was evaluated through an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normoglycemic mice and in a non-insulin-dependent diabetic mice model. The expression of PPARγ and GLUT-4 mRNA was determined by rt-PCR, and GLUT-4 translocation was confirmed by confocal microscopy. The toxicological studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines suggested by the OECD, sections 423 and 407, with some modifications. HAEPa significantly decreased glycemia in OGTT curves, as well as in the experimental diabetes model compared to the vehicle group. In vitro tests showed that HAEPa induced an α-glucosidase inhibition and increased PPARγ and GLUT-4 expression in cell culture. The LD50 of HAEPa was greater than 2000 mg/kg, and sub-chronic toxicity studies revealed that 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days did not generate toxicity. Finally, LC-MS analysis led to the identification of verbascoside, caffeic acid and geniposidic acid, and phytochemical approaches allowed for the isolation of ursolic acid, which showed significant PPARγ overexpression and augmented GLUT-4 translocation. In conclusion, HAEPa induced significant antidiabetic action by insulin sensitization through PPARγ/GLUT-4 overexpression