School Climate Associated with School Dropout Among Tenth Graders

Objective. This study evaluated the association between high school dropout and six dimensions of schoolclimate. Method. The sample consisted of 638 tenth graders who participated in the Healthy Teens LongitudinalStudy. Participants attended school in Northeast Georgia, United States of America; they were surveyedeven if they dropped out of school. Information about dropout was obtained through twelfth grade. Logisticregression was used to identify predictors of dropout. Results. More boys (22.1%) than girls (14.4%) droppedout of school. Compared to students who remained in school, students who dropped out of school reportedsignificantly higher overt and relational peer victimization and lower positive relationships with peers, schoolconnectedness, caring adults at school, and meaningful participation in school. In the logistic regression model,male gender [AOR = 1.68] and relational victimization [AOR = 1.51] increased the odds of dropping out, andschool connectedness [AOR = 0.78] and the presence of a caring adult at school [AOR = 0.73] decreasedodds of dropping out. Conclusion. The dimensions of school climate in tenth grade were associated with thedecision to abandon or persist in school. Its multiple dimensions can guide educators to develop programs andpractices to reduce high school dropout

N plus 3 Advanced Concept Studies for Supersonic Commercial Transport Aircraft Entering Service in the 2030-2035 Period

Boeing, with Pratt & Whitney, General Electric, Rolls-Royce, M4 Engineering, Wyle Laboratories and Georgia Institute of Technology, conducted a study of supersonic commercial aircraft concepts and enabling technologies for the year 2030-2035 timeframe. The work defined the market and environmental/regulatory conditions that could evolve by the 2030/35 time period, from which vehicle performance goals were derived. Relevant vehicle concepts and technologies are identified that are anticipated to meet these performance and environmental goals. A series of multidisciplinary analyses trade studies considering vehicle sizing, mission performance and environmental conformity determined the appropriate concepts. Combinations of enabling technologies and the required technology performance levels needed to meet the desired goals were identified. Several high priority technologies are described in detail, including roadmaps with risk assessments that outline objectives, key technology challenges, detailed tasks and schedules and demonstrations that need to be performed. A representative configuration is provided for reference purposes, along with associated performance estimates based on these key technologies

Enteric Infection with Citrobacter rodentium Induces Coagulative Liver Necrosis and Hepatic Inflammation Prior to Peak Infection and Colonic Disease

Acute and chronic forms of inflammation are known to affect liver responses and susceptibility to disease and injury. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota has been shown critical in mediating inflammatory host responses in various animal models. Using C. rodentium, a known enteric bacterial pathogen, we examined liver responses to gastrointestinal infection at various stages of disease pathogenesis. For the first time, to our knowledge, we show distinct liver pathology associated with enteric infection with C. rodentium in C57BL/6 mice, characterized by increased inflammation and hepatitis index scores as well as prominent periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis indicative of thrombotic ischemic injury in a subset of animals during the early course of C. rodentium pathogenesis. Histologic changes in the liver correlated with serum elevation of liver transaminases, systemic and liver resident cytokines, as well as signal transduction changes prior to peak bacterial colonization and colonic disease. C. rodentium infection in C57BL/6 mice provides a potentially useful model to study acute liver injury and inflammatory stress under conditions of gastrointestinal infection analogous to enteropathogenic E. coli infection in humans.United States. Army Research Office (Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology grant 6915539 (SRT))National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P01 CA026731)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant P30 ES02109)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Toxicology Training grant ES-070220

Prevention in psychology: an introduction to the prevention practice kit

Robert K. Conyne, Arthur M. Horne, Katherine Raczynski.viii, 71 hlm. : ill. ; 26 cm

Prevention in psychology : An introduction to the prevention practice kit

viii, 70 hal ; 22 c

<i>C. rodentium</i>-induced colonic effects in C57BL/6 mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Mock inoculated animals at 0 DPI with normal colonic architecture where epithelial integrity and goblet cells appear intact. (<b>B</b>) Colon at 3 DPI showing epithelial defects at the top of the crypt. (<b>C</b>) Colon at 14 DPI demonstrating hyperplastic crypts and depletion of goblet cells. (<b>D</b>) <i>C. rodentium</i> induced statistically significant histological changes as early as 7 DPI (inflammation, edema, epithelial defects) in colonic sections and found to be most dramatic at 14 DPI. Crypt atrophy and minimal dysplastic changes were only noticeable at 14 DPI. Changes in inflammation, edema, epithelial defects, and hyperplasia as early as 3 DPI were noted, but failed to reach statistical significance (Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test with Dunn's multiple comparison test: <b>*</b> P<0.05, <b>**</b> P<0.01, <b>***</b> P<0.001). Symbols indicate individual animals and lines indicate group means.</p

PLS-DA and OPLS component contributions for discrimination (R² Y) and variance (Q²) of necrosis at 3 DPI.

<p>Model results are indicated based on using serum or tissue targets alone as well as combined models using the top variables from each independent model.</p

<i>C. rodentium</i>-induced necrosis and histological liver changes in C57BL/6 mice.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Control livers appeared normal with minimal observable histology. (<b>B</b>) At 3 DPI the appearance of a focus of lobular injury and inflammation indicating a pro-inflammatory state (indicated by <b>#</b>). (<b>C</b>) Multifocal venous thrombi and associated periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis (indicated by <b>*</b>) was observed at 3 DPI suggestive of thrombotic ischemic injury. (<b>D</b>) Higher magnification (400×) view showing necrotic hepatocytes with eosinophilic cytoplasm, appearance of pyknotic or absence of hepatic nuclei, and loss of normal cellular architecture. (<b>E</b>) <i>C. rodentium</i> induced histological changes as early as 3 DPI in liver sections, statistically significant at 7 DPI (portal, lobular, interface inflammation, # lobes with >5 inflammatory foci, and hepatitis index score), with moderate improvement by 14 DPI. (<b>F</b>) The degree of necrosis determined by pathological assessment as well as serum ALT measurements. (<b>G</b>) The pattern of necrosis was assessed as centrilobular, midzonal, or periportal in distribution. (Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post test compared to controls: <b>*</b> P<0.05, <b>**</b> P<0.01, <b>***</b> P<0.001). Symbols indicate individual animals and lines indicate group means.</p