1,514 research outputs found
Effects of Disability, Gender, and Level of Supervision on Ratings of Job Applicants
Using ratings of hypothetical job applicants with and without a disability obtained from both fulltime workers (n = 88) and undergraduates (n = 98), we examined the effects of disability (paraplegia, epilepsy, clinical depression, or non-disabled), gender, and nature of the job (supervisory or non-supervisory) on five job-relevant dependent measures. Contrary to our hypothesis, applicants with a disability were rated significantly higher in activity and potency than applicants without a disability. Further, also contrary to our predictions, gender and job type did not moderate the relationship between disability and applicant ratings. Post-hoc analyses revealed a significant gender by job type interaction; female applicants were viewed as more qualified than male applicants for the non-supervisory position, but the male applicants were viewed as more qualified than female applicants for the supervisory position. We use the flexible correction model (Wegener & Petty, 1997) to explicate the findings. Limitations and implications for future research on attitudes toward individuals with disabilities are discussed
Revision of failed traditional fundoplication using EsophyXÂź transoral fundoplication
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic revision of failed traditional fundoplication is difficult and involves risk of gastric, esophageal, and vagal nerve injury that is higher than that of the primary fundoplication. This study assessed feasibility and clinical outcomes of the transoral approach to revision of loose Nissen. METHODS: Between November 2009 and August 2011, a total of 11 patients underwent transoral repair as opposed to 70 patients who underwent laparoscopic or open revision of a failed fundoplication. Subjective and objective outcomes were evaluated with the GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) questionnaire and the reflux symptom index (RSI) questionnaire and ambulatory pH testing. The competency of the new antireflux barrier was evaluated by endoscopy. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare pre- and postoperative variables. RESULTS: All 11 patients evidenced loosening of the Nissen fundoplication without evidence of hiatal failure. Mean age was 57 years, BMI was 25.1 kg/m(2), and 4 of 11 (36 %) were female. Indications for operation were abnormal pH-metry off PPIs (6), impedance/pH on PPIs (3), esophagitis (1), and evidence of free reflux on barium swallow (1). One patient developed a postoperative bleed requiring transfusion. Two patients had laparoscopic revision at 6 and 8 months after the transoral procedure. At a median follow-up of 14 (range = 6â28) months, 8/10 patients reported resolution of their primary symptoms. Eight patients had pH testing off PPIs both pre- and postoperatively; median % time with pH <4 improved by dropping from 8.1 % (21â4.8 %) to 0.6 % (13.4â0.01 %) (p = 0.008). Esophageal acid exposure normalized in 5/6 patients. Mean GERD-HRQL score improved significantly by dropping from 28.6 (10.6) preoperatively to 6.7 (6.1) post-TIF (p = 0.016). Mean RSI score improved more than 50 % in 5/7 patients. CONCLUSION: Transoral revision of failed traditional fundoplication without herniation is technically feasible. It results in symptomatic and objective improvement of GERD without the risks of laparoscopic dissection for a majority of patients
The Effect of Substructure on Mass Estimates of Galaxies
Large galaxies are thought to form hierarchically, from the accretion and
disruption of many smaller galaxies. Such a scenario should naturally lead to
galactic phase-space distributions containing some degree of substructure. We
examine the errors in mass estimates of galaxies and their dark halos made
using the projected phase-space distribution of a tracer population (such as a
globular cluster system or planetary nebulae) due to falsely assuming that the
tracers are distributed randomly. The level of this uncertainty is assessed by
applying a standard mass estimator to samples drawn from 11 random realizations
of galaxy halos containing levels of substructure consistent with current
models of structure formation. We find that substructure will distort our mass
estimates by up to ~20% - a negligible error compared to statistical and
measurement errors in current derivations of masses for our own and other
galaxies. However, this represents a fundamental limit to the accuracy of any
future mass estimates made under the assumption that the tracer population is
distributed randomly, regardless of the size of the sample or the accuracy of
the measurements.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Astrophysical Journal, in pres
âWhen Weâre on the Ice, All We Have is Our Inuit Qaujimajatuqangitâ: Mobilizing Inuit Knowledge as a Sea Ice Safety Adaptation Strategy in Mittimatalik, Nunavut
Increased variability in weather and sea ice conditions due to climate change has led to high rates of injury, trauma, and death for Inuit travelling on the sea ice. Contributing to these high rates are the ongoing effects of colonial policies that diminish and disrupt the intergenerational transfer of sea ice Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ). Despite these challenges, place-based experiential IQ continues to be the most important information source for safe travel on the sea ice. This paper presents an Inuit-led, coproduced, cross-cultural research project in which Inuit youth documented and mobilized sea ice IQ in Mittimatalik (Pond Inlet), Nunavut for safe community sea ice travel. We outline the Inuit youth training to facilitate the terminology and participatory mapping workshops and to document this IQ. We also discuss the IQ that was most important to share, and the mapping and artistic methods used to mobilize this IQ into a booklet, maps, and posters. Inuktitut sea ice terms are the foundation to enable youth with the skills to learn about sea ice IQ with experienced hunters. IQ enables Inuit to interpret and synthesize information from weather forecasts, earth observations, and community-based monitoring to apply to local conditions. Seasonal IQ maps of safe and hazardous sea ice conditions provide travel planning information at spatial and temporal scales that supplemental information sources cannot address. The IQ products mobilize preparedness, situational awareness, navigation, and interpretation skills so Inuit youth can become more self-reliant, as access to technology is not always possible once out on the sea ice. Â
 La fluctuation accrue des conditions mĂ©tĂ©orologiques et de lâĂ©tat de la glace de mer dĂ©coulant du changement climatique se traduit par des taux plus Ă©levĂ©s de blessures, de traumatismes et de dĂ©cĂšs chez les Inuits se dĂ©plaçant sur la glace de mer. Ă cela sâajoutent les effets permanents des politiques coloniales qui amenuisent et perturbent le transfert intergĂ©nĂ©rationnel de lâInuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ) au sujet de la glace de mer. MalgrĂ© ces dĂ©fis, lâIQ tirĂ© de lâexpĂ©rience sur les lieux continue de reprĂ©senter la source dâinformation la plus importante pour favoriser des dĂ©placements sĂ©curitaires sur la glace de mer. Cet article prĂ©sente un projet de recherche interculturel dirigĂ© et co-rĂ©alisĂ© par des Inuits dans le cadre duquel de jeunes Inuits ont documentĂ© et mobilisĂ© lâIQ sur la glace de mer Ă Mittimatalik (inlet Pond), au Nunavut, en vue de dĂ©placements communautaires sĂ©curitaires sur la glace de mer. Nous mettons lâaccent sur la formation reçue par les jeunes Inuits visant Ă faciliter les ateliers de terminologie et de cartographie participative ainsi quâĂ documenter lâIQ en question. Nous discutons Ă©galement de lâIQ le plus important Ă partager de mĂȘme que de la cartographie et des mĂ©thodes artistiques utilisĂ©es pour mobiliser lâIQ dans un cahier, sur des cartes et sur des affiches. Les termes inuktituts propres Ă la glace de mer servent de fondement pour doter les jeunes des connaissances nĂ©cessaires pour apprendre lâIQ de la glace de mer avec les chasseurs dâexpĂ©rience. LâIQ permet aux Inuits dâinterprĂ©ter et de synthĂ©tiser lâinformation en provenance des prĂ©visions mĂ©tĂ©orologiques, des observations de la terre et de la surveillance communautaire afin de lâappliquer aux conditions locales. Les cartes saisonniĂšres de lâIQ illustrant les conditions sĂ©curitaires et les conditions dangereuses de la glace de mer fournissent de lâinformation pour la planification des dĂ©placements Ă lâĂ©chelle spatiale et temporelle que des sources supplĂ©mentaires ne pourraient fournir. Les produits de lâIQ permettent de mobiliser les compĂ©tences en prĂ©paration, en connaissance de la situation, en navigation et en interprĂ©tation pour que les jeunes Inuits puissent devenir plus autonomes, car lâaccĂšs Ă la technologie nâest pas toujours possible lorsquâils se trouvent sur la glace de mer.
Closed circuit rebreathing to achieve inert gas wash-in for multiple breath wash-out
Multiple breath wash-out (MBW) testing requires prior wash-in of inert tracer gas. Wash-in efficiency can be enhanced by a rebreathing tracer in a closed circuit. Previous attempts to deploy this did not account for the impact of CO2Â accumulation on patients and were unsuccessful. We hypothesised that an effective rebreathe wash-in could be delivered and it would not alter wash-out parameters.
Computer modelling was used to assess the impact of the rebreathe method on wash-in efficiency. Clinical testing of open and closed circuit wash-inâwash-out was performed in healthy controls and adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) using a circuit with an effective CO2Â scrubber and a refined wash-in protocol.
Wash-in efficiency was enhanced by rebreathing. There was no difference in mean lung clearance index between the two wash-in methods for controls (6.5 versus 6.4; p=0.2, n=12) or patients with CF (10.9 versus 10.8; p=0.2, n=19). Test time was reduced by rebreathe wash-in (156 versus230â
s for CF patients, p<0.001) and both methods were well tolerated. End wash-in CO2Â was maintained below 2% in most cases.
Rebreatheâwash-in is a promising development that, when correctly deployed, reduces wash-in time and facilitates portable MBW testing. For mild CF, wash-out outcomes are equivalent to an open circuit
Rest-Frame Near-Infrared Radial Light Profiles up to z=3 from JWST/NIRCam: Wavelength Dependence of the S\'ersic Index
We examine the wavelength dependence of radial light profiles based on
S\'ersic index measurements of 1067 galaxies with M
10M and in the redshift range . The sample and
rest-frame optical light profiles are drawn from CANDELS3D-HST; rest-frame
near-infrared light profiles are inferred from CEERS JWST/NIRCam imaging.
shows only weak dependence on wavelength, regardless of redshift, galaxy mass
and type: on average, star-forming galaxies have and quiescent
galaxies have in the rest-frame optical and near-infrared. The strong
correlation at all wavelengths between and star-formation activity implies
a physical connection between the radial stellar mass profile and
star-formation activity. The main caveat is that the current sample is too
small to discern trends for the most massive galaxies (M).Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures, Submitted to ApJ. Comments welcom
Building a patient safety toolkit for use in general practice
Despite 340â000â000 primary care consultations annually in the UK, most of the literature on patient safety has focused on hospital-based services. To improve safety in primary care settings, we must know what methods, tools and indicators are available to measure and monitor patient safety. In collaboration with patient safety experts at the University of Dundee, we were able to identify a number of existing tools, and many of these were adopted for use in the Patient Safety Toolkit
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