2,577 research outputs found
Development of an experimental 10 T Nb3Sn dipole magnet for the CERN LHC
An experimental 1-m long twill aperture dipole magnet developed using a high-current Nb3Sn conductor in order to attain a magnetic field well beyond 10 T at 4.2 K is described. The emphasis in this Nb3Sn project is on the highest possible field within the known Large Hadron Collider (LHC) twin-aperture configuration. A design target of 11.5 T was chosen
A general scaling relation for the critical current density in Nb3Sn
We review the scaling relations for the critical current density (Jc) in
Nb3Sn wires and include recent findings on the variation of the upper critical
field (Hc2) with temperature (T) and A15 composition. We highlight deficiencies
in the Summers/Ekin relations, which are not able to account for the correct
Jc(T) dependence. Available Jc(H) results indicate that the magnetic field
dependence for all wires can be described with Kramer's flux shear model, if
non-linearities in Kramer plots are attributed to A15 inhomogeneities. The
strain (eps) dependence is introduced through a temperature and strain
dependent Hc2*(T,eps) and Ginzburg- Landau parameter kappa1(T,eps) and a strain
dependent critical temperature Tc(eps). This is more consistent than the usual
Ekin unification, which uses two separate and different dependencies on Hc2*(T)
and Hc2*(eps). Using a correct temperature dependence and accounting for the
A15 inhomogeneities leads to a remarkable simple relation for Jc(H,T,eps).
Finally, a new relation for s(eps) is proposed, based on the first, second and
third strain invariants.Comment: Accepted Topical Review for Superconductor, Science and Technolog
Flip-chip-based fast inductive parity readout of a planar superconducting island
Properties of superconducting devices depend sensitively on the parity (even
or odd) of the quasiparticles they contain. Encoding quantum information in the
parity degree of freedom is central in several emerging solid-state qubit
architectures. Yet, accurate, non-destructive, and time-resolved parity
measurement is a challenging and long-standing issue. Here we report on control
and real-time parity measurement in a superconducting island embedded in a
superconducting loop and realized in a hybrid two-dimensional heterostructure
using a microwave resonator. Device and readout resonator are located on
separate chips, connected via flip-chip bonding, and couple inductively through
vacuum. The superconducting resonator detects the parity-dependent circuit
inductance, allowing for fast and non-destructive parity readout. We resolved
even and odd parity states with signal-to-noise ratio SNR with an
integration time of s and detection fidelity exceeding 98%. Real-time
parity measurement showed state lifetime extending into millisecond range. Our
approach will lead to better understanding of coherence-limiting mechanisms in
superconducting quantum hardware and provide novel readout schemes for hybrid
qubits
Spin-degeneracy breaking and parity transitions in three-terminal Josephson junctions
Harnessing spin and parity degrees of freedom is of fundamental importance
for the realization of emergent quantum devices. Nanostructures embedded in
superconductor--semiconductor hybrid materials offer novel and yet unexplored
routes for addressing and manipulating fermionic modes. Here we
spectroscopically probe the two-dimensional band structure of Andreev bound
states in a phase-controlled hybrid three-terminal Josephson junction. Andreev
bands reveal spin-degeneracy breaking, with level splitting in excess of 9 GHz,
and zero-energy crossings associated to ground state fermion parity
transitions, in agreement with theoretical predictions. Both effects occur
without the need of external magnetic fields or sizable charging energies and
are tuned locally by controlling superconducting phase differences. Our results
highlight the potential of multiterminal hybrid devices for engineering quantum
states
Zeeman and Orbital Driven Phase Transitions in Planar Josephson Junctions
We perform supercurrent and tunneling spectroscopy measurements on
gate-tunable InAs/Al Josephson junctions (JJs) in an in-plane magnetic field,
and report on phase shifts in the current-phase relation measured with respect
to an absolute phase reference. The impact of orbital effects is investigated
by studying multiple devices with different superconducting lead sizes. At low
fields, we observe gate-dependent phase shifts of up to
which are consistent with a Zeeman field coupling to highly-transmissive
Andreev bound states via Rashba spin-orbit interaction. A distinct phase shift
emerges at larger fields, concomitant with a switching current minimum and the
closing and reopening of the superconducting gap. These signatures of an
induced phase transition, which might resemble a topological transition, scale
with the superconducting lead size, demonstrating the crucial role of orbital
effects. Our results elucidate the interplay of Zeeman, spin-orbit and orbital
effects in InAs/Al JJs, giving new understanding to phase transitions in hybrid
JJs and their applications in quantum computing and superconducting
electronics
Microwave-induced conductance replicas in hybrid Josephson junctions without Floquet-Andreev states
Light-matter interaction enables engineering of non-equilibrium quantum
systems. In condensed matter, spatially and temporally cyclic Hamiltonians are
expected to generate energy-periodic Floquet states, with properties
inaccessible at thermal equilibrium. A recent work explored the tunnelling
conductance of a planar Josephson junction under microwave irradiation, and
interpreted replicas of conductance features as evidence of steady
Floquet-Andreev states. Here we realise a similar device in a hybrid
superconducting-semiconducting heterostructure, which utilises a tunnelling
probe with gate-tunable transparency and allows simultaneous measurements of
Andreev spectrum and current-phase relation of the planar Josephson junction.
We show that, in our devices, spectral replicas in sub-gap conductance emerging
under microwave irradiation are caused by photon assisted tunnelling of
electrons into Andreev states. The current-phase relation under microwave
irradiation is also explained by the interaction of Andreev states with
microwave photons, without the need to invoke Floquet states. The techniques
outlined in this study establish a baseline to distinguish photon assisted
tunnelling from Floquet-Andreev states in mesoscopic devices, a crucial
development towards understanding light-matter coupling in hybrid
nanostructures
Optimizing the vertebrate vestibular semicircular canal: could we balance any better?
The fluid-filled semicircular canals (SCCs) of the vestibular system are used
by all vertebrates to sense angular rotation. Despite masses spanning seven
decades, all mammalian SCCs are nearly the same size. We propose that the SCC
represents a sensory organ that evolution has `optimally designed'. Four
geometric parameters are used to characterize the SCC, and `building materials'
of given physical properties are assumed. Identifying physical and
physiological constraints on SCC operation, we find that the most sensitive SCC
has dimensions consistent with available data.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Возникновение и развитие еврейской прессы Крыма
В статье выделяются основные этапы процесса возникновения и развития еврейской прессы Крыма, вводится в научный оборот ряд еврейских изданий.У статті виділяються основні етапи процесу виникнення і розвитку єврейської преси Криму, вводиться в науковий обіг ряд єврейських видань.The article researches the Jewish Crimean mass-media
Rutherford cables with anisotropic transverse resistance
Putting a resistive core into the center of a Rutherford cable increases resistance between strands in the crossover direction, which greatly reduces the coupling currents, even when the resistance to adjacent turns remains small. This allows one to improve stability by soldering strands together or using porous metal, without incurring a penalty of increased coupling. We describe our manufacturing methods and an experimental measurement of coupling
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