The relationship between exercise induced bronchial obstruction and health related quality of life in female and male adolescents from a general population

Background: Previous studies have observed that exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is more common and more strongly related to exercise related breathing problems in female adolescents than male adolescents. However, few studies have investigated the association between EIB and health related quality of life (HRQoL) from a gender perspective. The aim of this study was to examine the association between EIB and HRQoL and physical activity level in female and male adolescents with and without EIB. Methods: From a population based study on exercise-induced breathing problems among adolescents (13-15 years, n = 3838) a cross sectional study with prospective data collection was carried out in a random subsample of 140 adolescents. The subjects in the sample were tested for EIB with a standardised exercise test, of which 49 adolescents were tested positive. HRQoL was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the adolescents' physical activity levels were measured objectively with accelerometer. Results: The female subjects with EIB reported a lower HRQoL, both in total score (p = 0.03) and physical functioning score (p = 0.009) and had a lower baseline FEV1 compared to females without EIB (88 vs. 94 % predicted, p = 0.001). No differences were found in HRQoL or baseline lung function between males with or without EIB. There were no differences in minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day between females or males with and without EIB. Conclusion: In a general population, the female adolescents with EIB had lower HRQoL and poorer baseline lung function compared to counterparts without EIB. These differences were not observed in males. EIB does not appear to affect the level of daily physical activity neither in females nor males

Метод численно-аналитического расчета полей напряжений в системе "механический клиновидный нанодвойник - трещина" при поперечном сдвиге

Background Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms are common among adolescents. Exercise is a known stimulus for transient narrowing of the airways, such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of EIB and EILO in a general population of adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire on exercise-induced dyspnoea was sent to all adolescents born in 1997 and 1998 in Uppsala, Sweden (n=3838). A random subsample of 146 adolescents (99 with self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea and 47 without this condition) underwent standardised treadmill exercise tests for EIB and EILO. The exercise test for EIB was performed while breathing dry air; a positive test was defined as a decrease of &gt;= 10% in FEV1 from baseline. EILO was investigated using continuous laryngoscopy during exercise. Results The estimated prevalence of EIB and EILO in the total population was 19.2% and 5.7%, respectively. No gender differences were found. In adolescents with exercise-induced dyspnoea, 39.8% had EIB, 6% had EILO and 4.8% had both conditions. In this group, significantly more boys than girls had neither EIB nor EILO (64.7% vs 38.8%; p=0.026). There were no significant differences in body mass index, lung function, diagnosed asthma or medication between the participants with exercise-induced dyspnoea who had or did not have a positive EIB or EILO test result. Conclusions Both EIB and EILO are common causes of exercise-induced dyspnoea in adolescents. EILO is equally common among girls and boys and can coexist with EIB.Henrik Johansson and Katarina Norlander have shared first authorship on this paper.</p

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction : Prevalence, laryngeal findings and evaluation of treatment

Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) is one of many different causes for adolescents to experience dyspnoea during exercise. Objective exercise-testing with continuous video laryngoscopy is crucial for a correct diagnosis since it is difficult to differentiate EILO from other exercise related conditions in the airways only on the symptomatology. The main symptom in EILO is inspiratory stridor arising from an obstruction at the laryngeal level during ongoing exercise which quickly resolves after the exercise has stopped. EILO is often misdiagnosed as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), which is obstruction in the peripheral airways that typically arises after cessation of exercise. From a previous survey investigating self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea in all 12-13-year-old adolescents in Uppsala (n=3,838, response rate 60.2%) a subset of 150 randomly selected adolescents (103 with dyspnoea and 47 controls) performed standardized treadmill exercise-tests for EIB and EILO. During the exercise-test for EIB the subjects breathed dry air according to the current recommended guidelines. EIB was defined as a decrease in FEV1 ≥10% from baseline. EILO was diagnosed during a continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test by use of the CLE-score method and was defined as an obstruction of grade 2 at either glottic or/and supraglottic laryngeal level. The estimated prevalence of EIB in the general population was 19.2% and the estimated prevalence of EILO was 5.7%. No gender differences were detected. A diagnostic software program for EILO, EILOMEA, was compared with the CLE-score and the methods were found to be compatible. EILOMEA was used to map and compare laryngeal response patterns in adolescents with exercise-induced dyspnoea (EIB and/or EILO), in adolescents with dyspnoea but without a diagnosis of EIB or EILO, and in healthy controls, all of whom had performed the CLE-test. No differences were seen between the healthy controls and the adolescents with dyspnoea without a diagnosis. Only adolescents diagnosed with EILO showed a significant different laryngeal response pattern which strongly suggests that the diagnostic procedure is reliable. In a follow-up study of patients referred for investigation of exercise-induced dyspnoea, we investigated the outcome of surgical vs. conservative treatment of EILO-positive subjects and subjects tested negative for the diagnosis, regarding the level of exercise-induced dyspnoea and physical activity. Surgically treated patients had less breathing problems and were more physically active than both conservatively treated patients and patients who were tested negative

Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and laryngeal obstruction in adolescent athletes

OBJECTIVES: To study the prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in adolescent athletes. METHODS: All adolescents (n = 549) attending first year at a sports high school in 2016 and 2017, were invited to answer a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms. The 367 responding participants were divided into two groups based on whether they reported exercise-induced dyspnea (dyspnea group) or not (non-dyspnea group). Randomly selected participants in each group were invited to undergo two standardized exercise tests, an EIB test and a continuous laryngoscopy exercise (CLE) test, to investigate EILO. RESULTS: In total, 98 participants completed an EIB test, 75 of whom also completed a CLE test. Positive EIB tests: eight of 41 in the dyspnea group and 16 of 57 in the non-dyspnea group. Positive CLE tests: five of 34 in the dyspnea group and three of 41 in the non-dyspnea group. The estimated prevalence of EIB was 23.1 % (95 % CI 14.5 - 33.8) and of EILO 8.1 % (95 % CI 2.5 - 18.5) in the whole study population. No differences in prevalence of EIB or EILO were found between the dyspnea and the non-dyspnea groups. CONCLUSION: EIB was highly prevalent in this cohort of adolescent athletes. EILO was less prevalent, but represents an important differential diagnosis to EIB. Self-reported exercise-induced dyspnea is a weak indicator for both EIB and EILO and standardized testing should be provided

Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in a general adolescent population

Background Exercise-induced respiratory symptoms are common among adolescents. Exercise is a known stimulus for transient narrowing of the airways, such as exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of EIB and EILO in a general population of adolescents. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire on exercise-induced dyspnoea was sent to all adolescents born in 1997 and 1998 in Uppsala, Sweden (n=3838). A random subsample of 146 adolescents (99 with self-reported exercise-induced dyspnoea and 47 without this condition) underwent standardised treadmill exercise tests for EIB and EILO. The exercise test for EIB was performed while breathing dry air; a positive test was defined as a decrease of &gt;= 10% in FEV1 from baseline. EILO was investigated using continuous laryngoscopy during exercise. Results The estimated prevalence of EIB and EILO in the total population was 19.2% and 5.7%, respectively. No gender differences were found. In adolescents with exercise-induced dyspnoea, 39.8% had EIB, 6% had EILO and 4.8% had both conditions. In this group, significantly more boys than girls had neither EIB nor EILO (64.7% vs 38.8%; p=0.026). There were no significant differences in body mass index, lung function, diagnosed asthma or medication between the participants with exercise-induced dyspnoea who had or did not have a positive EIB or EILO test result. Conclusions Both EIB and EILO are common causes of exercise-induced dyspnoea in adolescents. EILO is equally common among girls and boys and can coexist with EIB.Henrik Johansson and Katarina Norlander have shared first authorship on this paper.</p