Pregnancy and Vaginal Delivery in Epidural Analgesia in Woman with Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition characterized by enlargement of cerebral ventricles due to abnormal cerebro- spinal fluid accumulation. Hydrocephalic women with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts are now surviving to reproduc- tive age, but still there are doubts regarding the mode of delivery, analgesia and anesthesia. Postpartal complications are more frequently described in deliveries ended by cesarean section than in spontaneous vaginal deliveries. We present a case of labor in the 32-year old woman, with congenital hydrocephalus and a preexisting ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. After thorough review of current literature, we came to conclusion that without absolute neurosurgical indication or acute development of listed symptoms (headaches, irritability, light sensitivity, hyperesthesia nausea, vomiting, ver- tigo, migraines, seizures, weakness in the arms or legs, strabismus and double vision) the best way to finish the preg- nancy of woman with VP shunt is spontaneous vaginal delivery with the use of epidural analgesia, mediolateral episiotomy and vacuum extraction

Sorption of imatinib on fiberglass mesh with immobilized TiO2

U ovom radu proučavana je sorpcija farmaceutika, točnije imatiniba na staklene mrežice s imobiliziranim TiO2. Farmaceutik je to koji se ubraja u skupinu antineoplastika, a čija je upotreba znatnije narasla u posljednje vrijeme na što upućuje činjenica da je zabilježena njegova prisutnost u okolišu nekih europskih zemalja. Valja napomenuti da već pri malim koncentracijama ima biološki učinak. Iz tog razloga ispitivana je njegova mogućnost sorpcije na različitim vremenima kontakta s mrežicom, pri različitim pH vrijednostima otopine, temperaturama, ionskim jakostima i masama sorbensa imobiliziranog na mrežici. U svrhu određivanja mehanizma sorpcije primijenili su se modeli linearne, Freundlichove i Langmuirove izoterme. Najboljim se pokazao linearni model izoterme budući da su u tom slučaju dobivene najveće vrijednosti regresijskog koeficijenta (R^2>0,99). Dobiveni koeficijenti sorpcije (Kd) ukazuju na povećanje sorpcije porastom pH vrijednosti otopine. Isti trend dobiven je i ispitivanjem ostalih parametara.In this work, the sorption of pharmaceutical, more precisely imatinib, on meshes with immobilized TiO2 was studied. It is a pharmaceutical that belongs to the group of antineoplastics, and whose use has grown significantly in recent times. It is indicated by the fact that its presence has been recorded in the environment of some European countries. It should be noted that even at low concentrations it has a biological effect. For this reason, its possibility of sorption at different contact times with the mesh, at different pH values of the standard solution, temperatures, ionic strengths and masses of sorbent immobilized on the mesh were investigated. For the purpose of determining the sorption mechanism, models of linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied. The linear model of the isotherm proved to be the best because in that case the highest values of the regression coefficient were obtained (R^2> 0.99). The obtained sorption coefficients (Kd) indicate an increase in sorption with increasing pH of the solution. The same trend was obtained by examining other parameters

Extraction of organic pollutants from soil by soil solid-phase dispersion

U ovom radu razvijena je metoda ekstrakcije organskih zagađivala, policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika, polikloriranih bifenila te organoklorovih pesticida iz uzoraka tla raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu. Spojevi su to koji pokazuju izrazito negativne učinke na sve sastavnice okoliša što je posljedica njihove toksičnosti, dugotrajne postojanosti te lipofilne prirode koja uzrokuje njihovu migraciju iz vodenog medija u tlo. Iz tog razloga bitno je kvalitativno i kvantitativno odrediti navedene spojeve što je preduvjet za praćenje njihove prisutnosti i kretanja u okolišu. Metode kemijske analize koje se koriste u tu svrhu moraju biti izrazito osjetljive budući da se radi o nižim koncentracijama. Samim time i uzorci koji se analiziraju moraju biti visoko koncentrirani i čisti što zahtijeva dodatnu pripremu. U tu svrhu provedena je ekstrakcija raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu na kontrolnom uzorku tla. Parametri koji su se optimirali su: izbor čvrste faze (sorbensa), omjer tla i sorbensa te otapalo za eluiranje. Obzirom na dobivena iskorištenja, najboljim sorbensom pokazala se dijatomejska zemlja, najboljim omjerom tla i sorbensa omjer 1:4, a najboljim otapalom smjesa acetona i heksana u omjeru 1:1. Takva optimirana i validirana metoda primjenjena je na 10 realnih uzoraka tla iz okolice Zagreba. Dobivene vrijednosti koncentracija sve su redom niže od maksimalne dopuštene koncentracije koja je propisana Pravilnikom o zaštiti poljoprivrednog zemljišta od onečišćenja (NN 9/2014).In this paper, the extraction of organic pollutants from soil samples by dispersing the soil with the solid phase was studied. Specifically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides were extracted. These are compounds that have extremely negative effects on all components of the environment, due to their toxicity, long-term stability and lipophilic nature, which causes the migration of the above pollutants from the water medium to the soil. For this reason, it is important to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the mentioned compounds, which in turn is then a prerequisite for monitoring their presence and movement in the environment. The chemical analysis methods used for this purpose must be extremely sensitive, since low concentrations are involved. Therefore, the samples for analysis must be highly concentrated and pure, which requires additional preparation. For this purpose, extraction was performed by dispersing a control soil sample with soil through the solid phase. The parameters that were optimized are: solid phase (sorbent), ratio of soil to sorbent and solvent for elution. Considering the obtained yields, the best sorbent was diatomaceous earth, the best ratio of soil to sorbent was 1:4, and the best solvent was a mixture of acetone and hexane in the ratio 1:1 This optimized and validated method was applied to 10 real soil samples from the surroundings of Zagreb. The obtained concentration values are all below the maximum value required by law

Extraction of organic pollutants from soil by soil solid-phase dispersion

U ovom radu razvijena je metoda ekstrakcije organskih zagađivala, policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika, polikloriranih bifenila te organoklorovih pesticida iz uzoraka tla raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu. Spojevi su to koji pokazuju izrazito negativne učinke na sve sastavnice okoliša što je posljedica njihove toksičnosti, dugotrajne postojanosti te lipofilne prirode koja uzrokuje njihovu migraciju iz vodenog medija u tlo. Iz tog razloga bitno je kvalitativno i kvantitativno odrediti navedene spojeve što je preduvjet za praćenje njihove prisutnosti i kretanja u okolišu. Metode kemijske analize koje se koriste u tu svrhu moraju biti izrazito osjetljive budući da se radi o nižim koncentracijama. Samim time i uzorci koji se analiziraju moraju biti visoko koncentrirani i čisti što zahtijeva dodatnu pripremu. U tu svrhu provedena je ekstrakcija raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu na kontrolnom uzorku tla. Parametri koji su se optimirali su: izbor čvrste faze (sorbensa), omjer tla i sorbensa te otapalo za eluiranje. Obzirom na dobivena iskorištenja, najboljim sorbensom pokazala se dijatomejska zemlja, najboljim omjerom tla i sorbensa omjer 1:4, a najboljim otapalom smjesa acetona i heksana u omjeru 1:1. Takva optimirana i validirana metoda primjenjena je na 10 realnih uzoraka tla iz okolice Zagreba. Dobivene vrijednosti koncentracija sve su redom niže od maksimalne dopuštene koncentracije koja je propisana Pravilnikom o zaštiti poljoprivrednog zemljišta od onečišćenja (NN 9/2014).In this paper, the extraction of organic pollutants from soil samples by dispersing the soil with the solid phase was studied. Specifically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides were extracted. These are compounds that have extremely negative effects on all components of the environment, due to their toxicity, long-term stability and lipophilic nature, which causes the migration of the above pollutants from the water medium to the soil. For this reason, it is important to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the mentioned compounds, which in turn is then a prerequisite for monitoring their presence and movement in the environment. The chemical analysis methods used for this purpose must be extremely sensitive, since low concentrations are involved. Therefore, the samples for analysis must be highly concentrated and pure, which requires additional preparation. For this purpose, extraction was performed by dispersing a control soil sample with soil through the solid phase. The parameters that were optimized are: solid phase (sorbent), ratio of soil to sorbent and solvent for elution. Considering the obtained yields, the best sorbent was diatomaceous earth, the best ratio of soil to sorbent was 1:4, and the best solvent was a mixture of acetone and hexane in the ratio 1:1 This optimized and validated method was applied to 10 real soil samples from the surroundings of Zagreb. The obtained concentration values are all below the maximum value required by law

Sorption of imatinib on fiberglass mesh with immobilized TiO2

U ovom radu proučavana je sorpcija farmaceutika, točnije imatiniba na staklene mrežice s imobiliziranim TiO2. Farmaceutik je to koji se ubraja u skupinu antineoplastika, a čija je upotreba znatnije narasla u posljednje vrijeme na što upućuje činjenica da je zabilježena njegova prisutnost u okolišu nekih europskih zemalja. Valja napomenuti da već pri malim koncentracijama ima biološki učinak. Iz tog razloga ispitivana je njegova mogućnost sorpcije na različitim vremenima kontakta s mrežicom, pri različitim pH vrijednostima otopine, temperaturama, ionskim jakostima i masama sorbensa imobiliziranog na mrežici. U svrhu određivanja mehanizma sorpcije primijenili su se modeli linearne, Freundlichove i Langmuirove izoterme. Najboljim se pokazao linearni model izoterme budući da su u tom slučaju dobivene najveće vrijednosti regresijskog koeficijenta (R^2>0,99). Dobiveni koeficijenti sorpcije (Kd) ukazuju na povećanje sorpcije porastom pH vrijednosti otopine. Isti trend dobiven je i ispitivanjem ostalih parametara.In this work, the sorption of pharmaceutical, more precisely imatinib, on meshes with immobilized TiO2 was studied. It is a pharmaceutical that belongs to the group of antineoplastics, and whose use has grown significantly in recent times. It is indicated by the fact that its presence has been recorded in the environment of some European countries. It should be noted that even at low concentrations it has a biological effect. For this reason, its possibility of sorption at different contact times with the mesh, at different pH values of the standard solution, temperatures, ionic strengths and masses of sorbent immobilized on the mesh were investigated. For the purpose of determining the sorption mechanism, models of linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied. The linear model of the isotherm proved to be the best because in that case the highest values of the regression coefficient were obtained (R^2> 0.99). The obtained sorption coefficients (Kd) indicate an increase in sorption with increasing pH of the solution. The same trend was obtained by examining other parameters

Sorption of imatinib on fiberglass mesh with immobilized TiO2

U ovom radu proučavana je sorpcija farmaceutika, točnije imatiniba na staklene mrežice s imobiliziranim TiO2. Farmaceutik je to koji se ubraja u skupinu antineoplastika, a čija je upotreba znatnije narasla u posljednje vrijeme na što upućuje činjenica da je zabilježena njegova prisutnost u okolišu nekih europskih zemalja. Valja napomenuti da već pri malim koncentracijama ima biološki učinak. Iz tog razloga ispitivana je njegova mogućnost sorpcije na različitim vremenima kontakta s mrežicom, pri različitim pH vrijednostima otopine, temperaturama, ionskim jakostima i masama sorbensa imobiliziranog na mrežici. U svrhu određivanja mehanizma sorpcije primijenili su se modeli linearne, Freundlichove i Langmuirove izoterme. Najboljim se pokazao linearni model izoterme budući da su u tom slučaju dobivene najveće vrijednosti regresijskog koeficijenta (R^2>0,99). Dobiveni koeficijenti sorpcije (Kd) ukazuju na povećanje sorpcije porastom pH vrijednosti otopine. Isti trend dobiven je i ispitivanjem ostalih parametara.In this work, the sorption of pharmaceutical, more precisely imatinib, on meshes with immobilized TiO2 was studied. It is a pharmaceutical that belongs to the group of antineoplastics, and whose use has grown significantly in recent times. It is indicated by the fact that its presence has been recorded in the environment of some European countries. It should be noted that even at low concentrations it has a biological effect. For this reason, its possibility of sorption at different contact times with the mesh, at different pH values of the standard solution, temperatures, ionic strengths and masses of sorbent immobilized on the mesh were investigated. For the purpose of determining the sorption mechanism, models of linear, Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied. The linear model of the isotherm proved to be the best because in that case the highest values of the regression coefficient were obtained (R^2> 0.99). The obtained sorption coefficients (Kd) indicate an increase in sorption with increasing pH of the solution. The same trend was obtained by examining other parameters

Extraction of organic pollutants from soil by soil solid-phase dispersion

U ovom radu razvijena je metoda ekstrakcije organskih zagađivala, policikličkih aromatskih ugljikovodika, polikloriranih bifenila te organoklorovih pesticida iz uzoraka tla raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu. Spojevi su to koji pokazuju izrazito negativne učinke na sve sastavnice okoliša što je posljedica njihove toksičnosti, dugotrajne postojanosti te lipofilne prirode koja uzrokuje njihovu migraciju iz vodenog medija u tlo. Iz tog razloga bitno je kvalitativno i kvantitativno odrediti navedene spojeve što je preduvjet za praćenje njihove prisutnosti i kretanja u okolišu. Metode kemijske analize koje se koriste u tu svrhu moraju biti izrazito osjetljive budući da se radi o nižim koncentracijama. Samim time i uzorci koji se analiziraju moraju biti visoko koncentrirani i čisti što zahtijeva dodatnu pripremu. U tu svrhu provedena je ekstrakcija raspršenjem tla kroz čvrstu fazu na kontrolnom uzorku tla. Parametri koji su se optimirali su: izbor čvrste faze (sorbensa), omjer tla i sorbensa te otapalo za eluiranje. Obzirom na dobivena iskorištenja, najboljim sorbensom pokazala se dijatomejska zemlja, najboljim omjerom tla i sorbensa omjer 1:4, a najboljim otapalom smjesa acetona i heksana u omjeru 1:1. Takva optimirana i validirana metoda primjenjena je na 10 realnih uzoraka tla iz okolice Zagreba. Dobivene vrijednosti koncentracija sve su redom niže od maksimalne dopuštene koncentracije koja je propisana Pravilnikom o zaštiti poljoprivrednog zemljišta od onečišćenja (NN 9/2014).In this paper, the extraction of organic pollutants from soil samples by dispersing the soil with the solid phase was studied. Specifically, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides were extracted. These are compounds that have extremely negative effects on all components of the environment, due to their toxicity, long-term stability and lipophilic nature, which causes the migration of the above pollutants from the water medium to the soil. For this reason, it is important to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the mentioned compounds, which in turn is then a prerequisite for monitoring their presence and movement in the environment. The chemical analysis methods used for this purpose must be extremely sensitive, since low concentrations are involved. Therefore, the samples for analysis must be highly concentrated and pure, which requires additional preparation. For this purpose, extraction was performed by dispersing a control soil sample with soil through the solid phase. The parameters that were optimized are: solid phase (sorbent), ratio of soil to sorbent and solvent for elution. Considering the obtained yields, the best sorbent was diatomaceous earth, the best ratio of soil to sorbent was 1:4, and the best solvent was a mixture of acetone and hexane in the ratio 1:1 This optimized and validated method was applied to 10 real soil samples from the surroundings of Zagreb. The obtained concentration values are all below the maximum value required by law

Meckel Gruber Syndrome: A rare and lethal anomaly

We wish to present our case of the rare Meckel-Gruber syndrome, diagnosed prenatally at 18 weeks’ gestation. Informed consent was obtained from both parents for publishing this case and including photos

Sorption Potential of Different Forms of TiO2 for the Removal of Two Anticancer Drugs from Water

Anticancer drugs pose a potential risk to the environment due to their significant consumption and biological effect even at low concentrations. They can leach into soils and sediments, wastewater, and eventually into drinking water supplies. Many conventional technologies with more effective advanced oxidation processes such as photocatalysis are being extensively studied to find an economical and environmentally friendly solution for the removal of impurities from wastewater as the main source of these pharmaceuticals. Since it is impossible to treat water by photocatalysis if there is no sorption of a contaminant on the photocatalyst, this work investigated the amount of imatinib and crizotinib sorbed from an aqueous medium to different forms of photocatalyst. In addition, based on the sorption affinity studied, the applicability of sorption as a simpler and less costly process was tested in general as a potential route to remove imatinib and crizotinib from water. Their sorption possibility was investigated determining the maximum of sorption, influence of pH, ionic strength, temperature, and sorbent dosage in form of the suspension and immobilized on the fiberglass mesh with only TiO2 and in combination with TiO2/carbon nanotubes. The sorption isotherm data fitted well the linear, Freundlich, and Langmuir model for both pharmaceuticals. An increasing trend of sorption coefficients Kd was observed in the pH range of 5–9 with CRZ, showing higher sorption affinity to all TiO2 forms, which was supported by KF values higher than 116 (μg/g)(mL/μg)1/n. The results also show a positive correlation between Kd and temperature as well as sorbent dosage for both pharmaceuticals, while CRZ sorbed less at higher salt concentration. The kinetic data were best described with a pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.995)