Computing biological functions using BioΨ, a formal description of biological processes based on elementary bricks of actions

Motivation: In the available databases, biological processes are described from molecular and cellular points of view, but these descriptions are represented with text annotations that make it difficult to handle them for computation. Consequently, there is an obvious need for formal descriptions of biological processes

A study of the attitudes toward nutrition of children and their parents

Includes bibliographical references

Schwingungssichere Auslegung von Rohrbuendeln in Waermeaustauschern Schlussbericht

The vibration behaviour of pipe bundles is affected by a large number of parameters. For example, one can mention: The ratios #tau#_q=T_q/D_a and #tau#_l=T_l/D_a, the arrangement of the pipes, the state and type of flowing medium (single phase, multi-phase, liquid etc), the inherent frequency and the damping behaviour of the pipes, the pipe crossection (e.g.: Circular, oval, elliptical etc). Experimental variations of the parameters are connected with very great expense, where some of the above-mentioned parameters are interdependent (e.g.: One will hardly succeed in varying the inherent frequency with constant damping). In the context of this research project, the following limitations were therefore made: - The examined bundles are equipped with pipes of circular crossection; - 30 and square arrangements were examined; - the flowing medium is water, where the tests are valid for all apparatus which has liquid, single phase media of similar density and viscosity flowing through it. These conditions cover a large part of the heat exchangers used in building equipment and plant. (orig.)Das Schwingungsverhalten von Rohrbuendeln von einer Vielzahl von Parametern beeinflusst. Beispielhaft seien an dieser Stelle genannt: Die Teilungsverhaeltnisse #tau#=T_q/D_a und #tau#_l=T_l/D_a, die Anordnung der Rohre, der Zustand und die Art des Anstroemmediums (einphasig, mehrphasig, fluessig, etc.), die Eigenfrequenz und das Daempfungsverhalten der Rohre, der Rohrquerschnitt (z.B. kreisfoermig, oval, elliptisch) usw. Experimentelle Parametervariationen sind daher mit einem sehr hohen Aufwand verbunden, zumal einige der o.g. Parameter voneinander abhaengig sind (es wird z.B. kaum gelingen die Eigenfrequenz bei konstanter Daempfung zu variieren). Im Rahmen dieses Forschungsvorhabens wurden deshalb folgende Einschraenkungen getroffen: - Die untersuchten Buendel sind mit Rohren mit kreisfoermigem Querschnitt bestueckt; -es wurden 30 - und quadratische Anordnungen untersucht; - das Anstroemmedium ist Wasser, womit die Versuche fuer alle Apparate Gueltigkeit besitzen, welche von fluessigen, einphasigen Medien aehnlicher Dichte und Viskositaet durchstroemt werden. Diese Bedingungen decken einen grossen Teil der im Apparate- und Anlagenbau eingesetzten Waermeaustauscher ab. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: F94B1189 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekArbeitsgemeinschaft Industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen e.V., Koeln (Germany)DEGerman

Lack of a clinically significant drug-drug interaction in healthy volunteers between the hepatitis C virus protease inhibitor boceprevir and the HIV integrase inhibitor raltegravir

Contains fulltext : 118715.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are likely to use both HIV and HCV treatment. Drug-drug interactions have been demonstrated between boceprevir, an HCV protease inhibitor, and frequently prescribed antiretroviral drugs, such as efavirenz and boosted HIV protease inhibitors. Concomitant administration of boceprevir with these drugs should be avoided. This study was designed to investigate the absence of a drug-drug interaction between boceprevir and raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor. METHODS: This was an open-label, randomized, 2-period, crossover phase 1 trial in 24 healthy volunteers. All subjects were randomly assigned to receive boceprevir 800 mg every 8 hours for 9 days plus a single dose of raltegravir 400 mg on day 10 followed by a washout period and a single dose of raltegravir 400 mg on day 38, or the same medication in reverse order. Blood samples for pharmacokinetics were collected and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. RESULTS: The geometric mean (GM) of raltegravir area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)(0-12h) and maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) for raltegravir + boceprevir vs raltegravir alone were 4.27 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.22-5.66) vs 4.04 (95% CI, 3.09-5.28) mg * hour/L and 1.06 (95% CI, .76-1.49) vs 0.93 (95% CI, .70-1.23) mg/L, respectively. GM ratio estimates of raltegravir AUC(0-12h) and C(max) for raltegravir + boceprevir vs raltegravir alone were 1.04 (90% CI, .88-1.22) and 1.11 (90% CI, .91-1.36), respectively. The GM of boceprevir AUC(0-8h), C(max), and C(8h) were 5.45 (95% CI, 5.11-5.81) mg * hour/L, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.72-2.06) mg/L, and 0.09 (95% CI, .07-.11) mg/L, respectively. These data are comparable to those from historical controls. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the absence of a clinically significant drug interaction, raltegravir can be recommended for combined HIV/HCV treatment including boceprevir. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT01288417