Modern Aspects of Light in Photosynthesis

The purpose of this study is three fold: (1) to provide a general knowledge of the function of light in the photosynthetic process so it may be easily communicated to the high school student; (2) to present a simple guide which may serve as resource material for other teachers; and (3) an endeavor to compile sufficient reference for the interested teacher to progress to further study. A complete understanding of the energy changes which occur in photosynthesis must be left to the expert. However, there is a wealth of proven material that could be used to enrich the secondary school biological science curriculum. Present evidence indicates that the role of light in the initial photochemical step is solely to increase the energy of the electrons in chlorophyll. Succeeding reactions transport these excited electrons along varying paths until the excititation energy is captured and converted into chemical energy. This concept of energy transformation in plants should be introduced at an early level in an individual's schooling in order to develop his understanding of the relationship of all life to the sun.Natural Scienc

On Linear Programming Duality and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions in Minimax Theory

In this paper we discuss necessary and sufficient conditions for different minimax results to hold using only linear programming duality and the finite intersection property for compact sets. It turns out that these necessary and sufficient conditions have a clear interpretation within zero-sum game theory. We apply these results to derive necessary and sufficient conditions for strong duality for a general class of optimization problems

Tapasztalatok es motiváltság: magyar középiskolások véleménye az egészségvédő programokról.

INTRODUCTION: Health-related attitudes can be encouraged most effectively at young ages. Young generations would require more interactive methods in programs engaged in health promotion. AIM: The aim of the authors was to get an insight into the attitudes, experience and motivation of youngsters in connection with health promotion programs and the community service work. METHOD: The questionnaires were filled in by high school students studying in Budapest and in the countryside (N = 898). RESULTS: 44.4% of the students did not have lessons or extracurricular activities dealing with health promotion. Concerning health promotion programs, youngsters in Budapest had more positive experience, while female students showed a more adoptive attitude. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in one of the most susceptible life stages, many youngsters either do not participate in programs dealing with health promotion, or participate in programs that are within the framework of school subjects or extracurricular activities building on traditional teaching methods. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(2), 65-69

Existence results for strong vector equilibrium problems and their applications

New existence results for the strong vector equilibrium problem are presented,relying on a well-known separation theorem in infinite-dimensional spaces. The main results are applied to strong cone saddle-points and strong vector variational inequalities providing new existence results, and furthermore they allow recovery of an earlier result from the literature

Vulnerabilities of Reliable Multicast Protocols

We examine vulnerabilities of several reliable multicast protocols. The various mechanisms employed by these protocols to provide reliability can present vulnerabilities. We show how some of these vulnerabilities can be exploited in denial-of-service attacks, and discuss potential mechanisms for withstanding such attacks