A preschooler in the world of Russian culture of the peoples

© 2016 Stepanova.This article is aimed at the disclosure of the process of familiarizing senior preschool children to the culture of different nations through didactic games. The purpose of the article is to determine the content of ethno-national culture of the people, accessible to children preschool age, which includes a set of elements of ethnic (folk costume, folk tales, games, music, dance, decorative and applied arts) and national (symbolism, sights) culture, and realized didactic games. A structurally-substantial characteristics of a subject position of pre-school age child, consisting of the following components: motivational-value (interest and relevance to ethno-national culture), cognitive (understanding of the ethno-national culture of their own and other peoples), emotional (emotional manifestations in the process of interaction with elements of ethno-national culture), the regulatory-activity (activity initiative in creative activity and the ability to self-willed behavior). The leading approach to the study of this problem is the activity that allows you to consider the work as a means of formation and development of human subjectivity. The article highlights the criteria for assessing the level of development of a subject position of the child's personality in the process of development of ethno-national culture of the people: the scope and completeness of knowledge about ethnic and national culture of their own and other peoples, the degree of expression of interest, the content and methods of expression related to ethno-national culture, expression of positive emotions in interaction with the elements culture of the people, the behavior of the child in its development; defined levels of a subject position of the child's personality in the process of development of ethno-national culture of the people. Article submissions are of practical value to teachers of preschool educational institutions

Liver pathomorphology of Mus musculus C57BL6 on atherogenic diet

Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Liver plays a huge role in pathogenesis of atherogenic dislipidemia, development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. We studied the effect of atherogenic diet on liver morphology in animal model of diet-induced atherosclerosis in mice Mus musculus C57BI6. This strain has a natural ability to develop atherosclerosis, while some other mouse stains has not. After 14 weeks on atherogenic diet a severe hepathomegaly (9% of body mass) and lobular structure deformation was found. We also observed signs of micro- and macrovesicular steatosis, cell apoptosis, fibrosis and inflammatory leukocyte infiltration. So, liver not only plays an important role in dislipidemia, but it is also a target-organ in lipid metabolism imbalance

Approaches to Assessing the Safety of Medicines during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using the Example of Azithromycin

Most of the medicines used to treat the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) are either approved under an accelerated procedure or not approved for the indication. Consequently, their safety requires special attention.The aim of the study was to review methodological approaches to collecting data on the safety of medicines, using COVID-19 treatment regimens involving azithromycin as a case study.Materials and methods: PubMed® (MEDLINE), Scopus, eLIBRARY, and Cyberleninka databases were searched for publications on azithromycin as part of combination therapy for COVID-19 in 2020–2021. Search queries included names of the medicinal product or its pharmacotherapeutic group and words describing adverse drug reactions (ADRs) during treatment.Results: the analysis included 7 publications presenting the results of studies covering the use of azithromycin as part of COVID-19 combination therapy in more than 4000 patients. Most commonly, the patients receiving COVID-19 therapy including azithromycin developed cardiovascular ADRs (up to 30% of azithromycin prescription cases). In 3 of the analysed publications, safety information was collected through spontaneous reporting and active identification based on the findings of laboratory and instrumental investigations performed during the clinical studies; in other 3, only spontaneous reports were used; and in the last one, ADR database information was studied.Conclusion: currently, information on ADRs associated with the use of medicines is mainly gathered via spontaneous reporting. Direct sourcing of information on personal experiences with a certain product from patients, among other means through social media analysis, opens a promising direction towards the improvement of existing approaches to collecting safety data

Superconductivity in ultra-thin carbon nanotubes and carbyne-nanotube composites: An ab-initio approach

The superconductivity of the 4-Å single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was discovered more than a decade ago, and marked the breakthrough of finding superconductivity in pure elemental undoped carbon compounds. The van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states at the Fermi level in combination with a large Debye temperature of the SWCNTs are expected to cause an impressively large superconducting gap. We have developed an innovative computational algorithm specially tailored for the investigation of superconductivity in ultrathin SWCNTs. We predict the superconducting transition temperature of various thin carbon nanotubes resulting from electron-phonon coupling by an ab-initio method, taking into account the effect of radial pressure, symmetry, chirality (N,M) and bond lengths. By optimizing the geometry of the carbon nanotubes, a maximum Tc of 60 K is found. We also use our method to calculate the Tc of a linear carbon chain embedded in the center of (5,0) SWCNTs. The strong curvature in the (5,0) carbon nanotubes in the presence of the inner carbon chain provides an alternative path to increase the Tc of this carbon composite by a factor of 2.2 with respect to the empty (5,0) SWCNTs. © 2017 Elsevier Lt

Определение удельного угла вращения плоскости поляризации в гиротропных кристаллах средней категории спектрофотометрическим методом

A large number of modern functional single crystals of the middle category belong to gyrotropic media. In these crystals, when light propagates along the optical axis, rotation of the plane of its polarization is observed. In this work a spectrophotometric method was used to obtain the dispersion dependences of the rotation angle of the polarization plane. This method is based on measuring the intensity of light passing through the polarizer–crystal–analyzer system, the crystal is a polished plane-parallel plate of a uniaxial gyrotropic crystal cut perpendicular to the optical axis. Measurements were carried out on a UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer Cary-5000 in the wavelength range of 200—1200 nm using polarizers — Glan–Taylor prisms. Polished plane-parallel plates of known SiO2 and α-LiIO3 crystals were used as samples. The obtained dispersion dependences of the spectral transmission coefficients are oscillating. Discrete values of the specific angles of rotation of the plane of polarization of light are calculated from the extremes on these dependencies. These discrete values can be approximated by the formulas Drude, Chandrasekhar and Vyshina, depending on what determines the nature of the rotational ability of the plane of polarization of light in each particular material. For the studied crystals, dependences of the modified Drude formula of the form 1/ρ = f(λ2) are plotted, these dependences should have a linear character in the case of an ideal crystal. The obtained experimental results correlate well with the available literature data. The advantages of this method are efficiency, the possibility of obtaining dispersion dependences of the specific rotation angle of the polarization plane, the need for a single sample, the possibility of assessing the nature of the rotational ability of specific crystals, the possibility of evaluating the structural perfection of the studied crystals.Большое количество современных функциональных монокристаллов средней категории относится к гиротропным средам. В таких кристаллах при распространении света вдоль оптической оси наблюдается вращение его плоскости поляризации. Для получения дисперсионных зависимостей угла вращения плоскости поляризации света использован спектрофотометрический метод. В основе этого метода лежит измерение интенсивности света, проходящего через систему поляризатор—кристалл—анализатор. Кристалл представляет собой полированную плоскопараллельную пластину одноосного гиротропного кристалла, вырезанную перпендикулярно к оптической оси. Измерения проведены на UV-Vis-NIR спектрофотометре Cary-5000 в диапазоне длин волн 200—1200 нм с использованием поляризаторов — призм Глана—Тейлора. В качестве образцов использованы полированные плоскопараллельные пластины известных кристаллов SiO 2 и α-LiIO 3. Полученные дисперсионные зависимости спектральных коэффициентов пропускания имели периодический характер. По экстремумам на этих зависимостях рассчитаны дискретные величины удельных углов вращения плоскости поляризации света. Эти дискретные величины могут быть аппроксимированы формулами Друде, Чандрасекхара и Вышина в зависимости от того, чем определяется природа вращательной способности плоскости поляризации света в каждом конкретном материале. Для исследованных кристаллов построены зависимости модифицированной формулы Друде вида 1/ρ = f(λ2), которые должны иметь линейный характер в случае идеального кристалла. Полученные экспериментальные результаты хорошо соотносятся с имеющимися литературными данными. Преимуществами данного метода является оперативность, возможность получения дисперсионных зависимостей удельного угла вращения плоскости поляризации, оценка природы вращательной способности конкретных кристаллов и структурного совершенства исследуемых кристаллов

A SORPTION OF URANIUM BY STRONG BASE ANION ION-EXCHANGE BEADS FROM SULFURIC-ACID LEACHING SOLUTIONS

Sorption of uranuim from sulfuric-acid leaching solutions by two gel type anion ion-exchange beads were explored. The Purolite A660 had a value of uranium capacity larger than AMP. Dynamic and static sorption parameters were identified for both elements

INFLUENCE OF ERBIUM QUANTITY ON LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF ER-DOPED GADOLINIUM OXIDE

The study focuses on the characterization of the gadolinium oxide and Er - doped gadolinium oxide powders prepared by coprecipitation of hydroxides. The specific surface of gadolinium oxide, the average size and oxides phase were determined. It was found that Er – doping improves luminescence

SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CUBIC AND MONOCLINIC PHASES OF GADOLINIUM OXIDE

Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Минобрнауки РФ в рамках государственного задания №3.1485.2017/ПЧ

Реальная практика проведения клинико-экономических исследований лекарственных средств, входящих в федеральную программу высокозатратных нозологий

Objective: to assess the compliance of the actual practice of conducting clinical and economic research with the requirements applicable in the Russian Federation (RF) when including drugs in the Federal Program of High-Cost Nosologies (HCN).Material and methods. In the CyberLeninka and eLibrary databases, a search was made for clinical and economic studies of medicines included in the HCN list published in the RF in the period from 2011 to June 2021.Results. Information was obtained on 23 published clinical and economic studies of the effectiveness of drugs, which is less than 30% of all drugs included in the HCN program during the specified period. More than half of the studies of chronic disabling diseases had a modeling horizon of 1 year. The sensitivity analysis of the results in over 1/3 of cases considered only the deviation of the price of the strategies under consideration, and in a quarter of cases it was not carried out at all. Only 4 studies evaluated the increase in quality-adjusted life year, although, for chronic disabling diseases, quality of life is one of the key performance indicators.Conclusion. In the RF, less than 30% of the results of pharmacoeconomical studies of drugs included in the HCN Program are published, which does not allow to make adequate evaluation of pharmacoeconomical approaches to its formation. To analyze the effectiveness of the tools used in assessing the economic efficiency of expensive medical technologies, a further retrospective research of the studies conducted in the RF is required.Цель: оценка соответствия реальной практики проведения клинико-экономических исследований действующим в Российской Федерации (РФ) требованиям, предъявляемым при включении лекарственных средств (ЛС) в федеральную программу высокозатратных нозологий (ВЗН).Материал и методы. В базах данных КиберЛенинка и eLibrary проведен поиск клинико-экономических исследований ЛС, включенных в перечень ВЗН, которые были опубликованы в РФ в период с 2011 г. по июнь 2021 г.Результаты. Получены сведения о 23 клинико-экономических исследованиях эффективности ЛС, что составляет менее 30% от всех ЛС, включенных в указанный период в программу ВЗН. Более половины исследований хронических инвалидизирующих заболеваний имели горизонт моделирования 1 год. Анализ чувствительности результатов более чем в 1/3 случаев учитывал только отклонение цены рассматриваемых стратегий, а в 1/4 случаев такой анализ вообще не проводился. Только в 4 исследованиях оценивали прирост лет качественной жизни, несмотря на то что для хронических инвалидизирующих заболеваний качество жизни – один из ключевых показателей эффективности.Заключение. В РФ публикуется менее 30% результатов фармакоэкономических исследований ЛС, включенных в программу ВЗН, что не позволяет в полной мере оценить фармакоэкономические подходы к ее формированию. Для анализа эффективности инструментов, используемых при оценке экономической эффективности дорогостоящих медицинских технологий, требуется дальнейшее ретроспективное изучение проведенных в РФ исследований.

Comparative Economic Evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccination in Belarus and Uzbekistan

BACKGROUND: Hib vaccine has gradually been introduced into more and more countries during the past two decades, partly due to GAVI Alliance support to low-income countries. However, since Hib disease burden is difficult to establish in settings with limited diagnostic capacities and since the vaccine continues to be relatively expensive, some Governments remain doubtful about its value leading to concerns about financial sustainability. Similarly, several middle-income countries have not introduced the vaccine. The aim of this study is to estimate and compare the cost-effectiveness of Hib vaccination in a country relying on self-financing (Belarus) and a country eligible for GAVI Alliance support (Uzbekistan). METHODS AND FINDINGS: A decision analytic model was used to estimate morbidity and mortality from Hib meningitis, Hib pneumonia and other types of Hib disease with and without the vaccine. Treatment costs were attached to each disease event. Data on disease incidence, case fatality ratios and costs were primarily determined from national sources. For the Belarus 2009 birth cohort, Hib vaccine is estimated to prevent 467 invasive disease cases, 4 cases of meningitis sequelae, and 3 deaths, while in Uzbekistan 3,069 invasive cases, 34 sequelae cases and 341 deaths are prevented. Estimated costs per discounted DALY averted are US$9,323 in Belarus and US$ 267 in Uzbekistan. CONCLUSION: The primary reason why the cost-effectiveness values are more favourable in Uzbekistan than in Belarus is that relatively more deaths are averted in Uzbekistan due to higher baseline mortality burden. Two other explanations are that the vaccine price is lower in Uzbekistan and that Uzbekistan uses a three dose schedule compared to four doses in Belarus. However, when seen in the context of the relative ability to pay for public health, the vaccine can be considered cost-effective in both countries