483 research outputs found
Validating Continuum Lowering Models via Multi-Wavelength Measurements of Integrated X-ray Emission
X-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study
continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics
models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on
our ability to identify spectroscopic signatures such as emission lines or
ionization edges of individual charge states within the plasma. Here we
describe a method that forgoes these requirements, enabling the validation of
different continuum lowering models based solely on the total intensity of
plasma emission in systems driven by narrow-bandwidth x-ray pulses across a
range of wavelengths. The method is tested on published Al spectroscopy data
and applied to the new case of solid-density partially-ionized Fe plasmas,
where extracting ionization edges directly is precluded by the significant
overlap of emission from a wide range of charge states
Phase-differencing in stereo vision: solving the localisation problem
Complex Gabor filters with phases in quadrature are often used to model even- and odd-symmetric simple cells in the primary visual cortex. In stereo vision, the phase difference between the responses of the left and right views can be used to construct a disparity or depth map. Various constraints can be applied in order to construct smooth maps, but this leads to very imprecise depth transitions. In this theoretical paper we show, by using lines and edges as image primitives, the origin of the localisation problem. We also argue that disparity should be attributed to lines and edges, rather than trying to construct a 3D surface map in cortical area V1. We derive allowable translation ranges which yield correct disparity estimates, both for left-view centered vision and for cyclopean vision
Fast cortical keypoints for real-time object recognition
Best-performing object recognition algorithms employ a large number features extracted on a dense grid, so they are too slow for real-time and active vision. In this paper we present
a fast cortical keypoint detector for extracting meaningful points from images. It is competitive with state-of-the-art
detectors and particularly well-suited for tasks such as object recognition. We show that by using these points we can
achieve state-of-the-art categorization results in a fraction of the time required by competing algorithms
Fast and accurate multi-scale keypoints based on end-stopped cells
Increasingly more applications in computer vision employ interest points. Algorithms like SIFT and
SURF are all based on partial derivatives of images smoothed with Gaussian filter kemels. These
algorithrns are fast and therefore very popular
Regional per capita income differences: Spatial and hierarchical dependencies
Relevance. Regional differences in per capita income are a matter of concern for many countries for many reasons, including the threat that such regional disparities pose to national security. Multiple tools and methods are used to investigate these disparities and fix them. The use of lower level aggregated data and the analysis that takes into account spatial interactions thus become particularly relevant because it allows us to reveal the diversity of interactions at the micro-level.Research objective. This study aims to determine the significance of spatial relationships at different levels of data aggregation and hierarchical dependencies in per capita income and highlight the level of administrative division (regional or municipal) that has the greatest impact on per capita income.Methods and data. The analysis relies on the data from 2,270 municipalities in 85 Russian regions. The Hierarchical Spatial Autoregressive Model (HSAR) was used to distinguish both spatial and hierarchical effects. We used three specifications of the model: with estimates of the spatial interaction on the higher level (spatial error at the regional level), on the lower level (spatial lag at the municipal level), and on both levels.Results. Spatial interactions explain the observed variation of per capita income at the municipal level data at both the higher (regional) and lower (municipal) levels but the model with the estimated spatial interaction on the higher level was better.Conclusion. Despite the importance of spatial interactions at the lower level, models that take into account spatial interactions only at the upper level may better explain the observed differences in some cases. Our findings contribute to the rather scarce research literature on spatial relationships on several levels of administrative division. We have shown that for each specific case it is important to identify not only the factors but also the spatial effects in relation to this or that level of the territorial hierarchy
A biological and real-time framework for hand gestures and head poses
Human-robot interaction is an interdisciplinary research area that aims at the development of social robots. Since social robots are expected to interact with humans and understand their behavior through gestures and body movements, cognitive psychology and robot technology must be integrated. In this paper we present a biological and real-time framework for detecting and tracking hands and heads. This framework is based on keypoints extracted by means of cortical V1 end-stopped cells. Detected keypoints and the cells’ responses are used to classify the junction type. Through the combination of annotated keypoints in a hierarchical, multi-scale tree structure, moving and deformable hands can be segregated and tracked over time. By using hand templates with lines and edges at only a few scales, a hand’s gestures can be recognized. Head tracking and pose detection are also implemented, which can be integrated with detection of facial expressions in the future. Through the combinations of head poses and hand gestures a large number of commands can be given to a robot
Multi-scale cortical keypoints for realtime hand tracking and gesture recognition
Human-robot interaction is an interdisciplinary
research area which aims at integrating human factors, cognitive
psychology and robot technology. The ultimate goal is
the development of social robots. These robots are expected to
work in human environments, and to understand behavior of
persons through gestures and body movements. In this paper
we present a biological and realtime framework for detecting
and tracking hands. This framework is based on keypoints
extracted from cortical V1 end-stopped cells. Detected keypoints
and the cells’ responses are used to classify the junction type.
By combining annotated keypoints in a hierarchical, multi-scale
tree structure, moving and deformable hands can be segregated,
their movements can be obtained, and they can be tracked over
time. By using hand templates with keypoints at only two scales,
a hand’s gestures can be recognized
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