Application of singular spectrum analysis for extracting weakly defined trends

The peculiarities of new method of analysis of time series - singular spectrum analysis have been considered, advantages of the method and problems connected with it application have been discussed. To increase the accuracy of trend extraction and elimination of edge effects the prediction of the series in both ends was suggested to be used. The singular spectrum analysis was applied to time series of satellite data of total ozone in latitude rings from 40 to 60° in Northern and Southern hemispheres. The trends were found. It was shown that for 1998-2005 in this ring the total ozone decreases by 0,38 %±0,01 % per year in Northern hemisphere and by 0,10 %±0,01 % per year in Southern hemisphere. It is no wonder because the most part of ozone damaging substances are produced in middle latitudes of Northern hemispher

Freedom of Speech in the Times of Digital Transformation. Review of the monograph “Freedom of Speech and Media Security”

Freedom of speech is a necessary norm in the constitutional legislation of any democratic state. The authors of the monograph under review demonstrate the negative impact of propaganda and censorship on the trust of democratic state citizens towards the media content and consistently criticize legislative norms and administrative decisions of the political class that promote unjustified restrictions on freedom of speech. The study shows how freedom of speech implementation depends on a set of political circumstances and explain why it has a significant impact on the rule of law in the information space of the world community

STATE POLICY IN DOMESTIC COMPUTING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AT THE XX-XXI CENTURIES

Purpose: The aim of the study is to investigate the state policy in domestic computing technology development at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries. Methodology: The methodological basis of the study was the principles of historicism, objectivity and reliability. Main Findings: In a number of industry organizations, with the direct participation and under the guidance of the department members, unique automated systems are developed. Hence, the country needs to restructure and modernize its industrial potential, the dialogue between authorities and leading scientists, the training of highly qualified specialists in the field of engineering, etc. Applications: The research findings can be used by universities, cultural organizations, technology-media institutes and by graduate students in social sciences. Novelty/Originality: This paper studied Russia’s participation in the international division of labor. Russia’s entry into the global information community required the consideration of international standards during the creation of systems, which needed academic science support

Russian Federation and the Development of Integration Processes in the modern World: Problems and Prospects

The aim of the article is to analyze the concept and essence of the modern integration relations development, which reflect 2 basic trends — rivalry and cooperation of states and integration interstate associations. The subject of the article is the characteristics and peculiarities of the modern integration law and its basic model — the law of the European Union, as well as the latest trend of integration relations in the post-Soviet space. The article uses general scientific, philosophical and special legal methods of knowledge, and is based on the material of integration law and related legal and political sciences. According to the results, the article assesses the possible prospects for the development of integration relations in the world, especially for the Russian Federation and Eurasian Economic Union

Countering Violent Extremism. Review of the monograph «Extremism in the Modern World»

The study of the problem of extremism in the modern world requires close attention to the norms of international law ensuring sustainable development, global peace and security. In the monograph, prepared under the general editorship of A. I. Bastrykin, V. P. Kirilenko and V. A. Shamakhov there is the study of criminal law mechanisms of counteraction to radical ideology and the international legal framework for countering violent extremism

Legal Regulation of Merchant Shipping (Review of the textbook “The Law of the Sea and International Maritime Business”)

The law of the sea is central to the modern international system and has a significant impact on the global economy. Its study is undoubtedly necessary for the education of highly qualified lawyers in the field of international law due to the fact that the safety of sea transport corridors plays a significant role in the development of international trade relations. Freedom of navigation practice in the post-industrial economy depends on the quality of the institutions of public maritime law and the efficiency of the execution of maritime contracts. Authors of the textbook made efforts to master the provisions of public maritime law in their relationship with the practices of merchant shipping, which is certainly interesting and useful due to the importance of maritime trade for achieving the sustainable development goals

The prior liver cancer associated with chronic viral liver diseases

In issue the experience of treatment in 67 patients with the prior liver cancer is presented. The hepatocellular cancer was diagnosed in 62 cases (92,5%), cholangiocellular cancer in the rest 5 patients. Viral hepatitis B was evaluated in 28 cases, viral hepatitis C in 19. Surgical treatment was performed in 34, in 22 resection of liver was carried out in cases with chronical viral hepatitis and cirrhosis. 16 (47,1%) patients had complications in postoperative period, hepatocellular insufficiency developed more often in patients with viral lesions. Postoperative mortality was in 17,6%. The 5-year survival was 47±7,2%. 49,3% patients got regional chemotherapy – chemoembolization or chemoinfusion in hepatic artery. Mediana was 19,4 and 10,2 months, consequently. So, patients with viral hepatitis and cirrhosis have more complications in postoperative period after liver resections. Surgical approach needs very careful evaluation of cancer dissemination and liver dysfunction in this category of patients

Experimental Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a New PEG-Based Laxative

Bowel-cleansing PEG-based agents, including Moviprep®, are commonly used to prepare the large intestine for diagnostic examinations. PLNV-next is a newly developed fixed combination medicinal product with a composition similar to that of Moviprep®.The aim of the study was to estimate the pharmacological efficacy and toxicity of PLNV-next.Materials and methods: The study evaluated pharmacological efficacy of four formulations of PLNV-next in comparison with Moviprep® after a single administration in a therapeutic dose to outbred rats. The evaluation was carried out based on the laxative effect of the medicinal products. The authors recorded diarrhoea onset latency and the number of defecation boluses and diarrhoea spots produced during the 6-hour observation period. Toxicity of PLNV-next was studied in the formulation containing maximum amounts of the ingredients according to the patent. In the single-dose toxicity study, PLNV-next was administered intragastrically to rats at doses of 4.2 g/kg (maximum human therapeutic dose, MHTD), 21 g/kg (5 MHTD), and 42 g/kg (10 MHTD) and to ferrets at doses of 4.2 g/kg (MHTD) and 21 g/kg (5 MHTD). In the repeated-dose toxicity study, PLNV-next was administered for 14 days at 4.2 g/kg (rats and ferrets), 21 g/kg (5 MHTD, rats), and 12.6 g/kg (3 MHTD, ferrets). Additionally, the repeated-dose toxicity study evaluated safety pharmacology parameters for the cardio-vascular, respiratory and central nervous systems.Results: All PLNV-next formulations tested exerted a laxative effect equivalent to that of Moviprep®. No clinical signs of toxicity were observed in rats, with the exception of the laxative effect. Ferrets demonstrated decreased behavioral activity and diarrhoea. Nausea or emesis were noted in 75–90% of the ferrets receiving the doses exceeding the MHTD. A single administration of PLNV-next affected blood sodium concentrations: a slight increase was noted in the 5 MHTD and 10 MHTD groups of rats and in the 5 MHTD group of ferrets. The repeated-dose toxicity study in rats revealed a slight increase in sodium levels with both test doses. After a single administration of 5 MHTD to ferrets, the authors observed a decrease in potassium levels. All the changes were mild and within physiological ranges. PLNV-next toxic effects observed in the rat and ferret studies were similar to those reported in rat and dog toxicity studies of Moviprep®. Conclusion: PLNV-next exerts a marked laxative effect and has a favourable safety profile