Potential profound fluctuation in tacrolimus concentration on consumption of pomegranate rind extract: A Pharmacokinetic Experiment

Background: Presently, varied case reports demonstrated an increase or decrease in blood concentration of diverse conventional drugs, often co-administered with edible fruits, spices, or vegetables. The overarching aim of this research is to elucidate the fluctuations in tacrolimus (TAC) blood concentration on the consumption of pomegranate rind extract (PRE).Methods: A pharmacokinetic (PK) study was conducted with two groups, vis-a-vis PRE + TAC (3 mg/kg) and TAC (3 mg/kg) alone groups. An experimental study was conducted in three different manners: Single-dose (S) PRE (200 mg/kg), 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200 mg/kg) dosing, and multiple (M) PRE doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). All the blood samples (approximately 300 μl) were drawn at different time intervals, i.e., 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 h after oral administration of TAC (3 mg/kg). The estimation of TAC in rat plasma was done using the hyphenated technique LC-MS/MS where the mass spectrometer used was a triple-stage quadrupole in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode.Results: The findings depict that in comparison with the TAC (3 mg/kg) alone group with the 7-day repetitive (7-R) PRE (200 mg/kg) dosing, the Cmax was found to be 9.03 ± 1.21 ng/ml; AUC from time zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), 61.91 ± 17.37 ngh/ml, while the TAC (3 mg/kg) + PRE group exhibited an increase in PK parameters of TAC (Cmax 22.48 ± 3.07 ng/ml; AUC0-∞ 153.08 ± 13.24 ng h/ml). The authors further investigated in what manner the PRE affects the PK of TAC in animals. For this, docking studies with major phytoconstituents present in the PRE with CYP3A4 isoenzyme were carried out. Ellagitannins (dock score, −11.64) and punicalagin (dock score, −10.68) were again used for molecular simulation studies with TAC. To validate our findings, a CYP3A4 inhibitory in vitro assay was conducted.Conclusion: Based on the integrated in vivo and in silico studies, we concluded that pomegranate rind extract interacts strongly with CYP isoenzyme and is therefore responsible for the altered PK profile of TAC

Study of surgical fixation of extra-articular distal third humerus fractures with a posterolateral locking compression plate

Background: Fractures of the adult distal humerus account for approximately 2% of all fractures and represent a third of all humerus  fractures. Fractures of the distal third of the humerus are challenging injuries due to their peri-articular location, small size of the distal bone fragments, and the osteopenic quality of the bone in older adults.  Aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and functional outcomes of posterolateral locking compression plate for extra-articular distal third humerus fractures through posterior triceps splitting approach.Methods: This is a prospective study done at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna  in which 30 consecutive skeletally mature, closed extra-articular distal humerus fractures  underwent fixation with posterolateral  locking compression plate and outcome evaluated in terms of radiological  evidence of healing, functional outcome and complications if any.Results: Use of posterolateral plate results in predictably good union rates and excellent results terms of patient outcome without any implant related complications.Conclusions: We recommend using this posterolateral plate for these humerus fractures, because of its consistent results with respect to fracture union, stability across the fracture site and early mobilization for better functional results

Topological Strategies for the Investigation of Tall Dimensional Information Sets and 3D Protest Acknowledgment

This examination introduces a technique for distinguishing an item by utilizing a few highlights. Highlights are removed dependent on the measurable dissemination of focuses on the bitmap picture of the shape. It identify the state of a picture by utilizing geometrical highlights and afterward select the grouped of picture that coordinated that shape from an enormous database. In this methodology the picture of item are separated into zones and discover some element of each zone. The extricated highlights are utilized for characterization dependent on zones. To settle on a choice for arrangement the component of zone are separated according to the limit structure fragment the entirety of ON or frontal area pixels in every limit portion, an edge between the beginning and completion focuses, a separation between the beginning and consummation focuses, centroid of each zone, an edge between the beginning and centroid focuses, a separation between the beginning and centroid focuses, an edge between the centroid and closure focuses, a separation between the centroid and closure focuses and so forth

Object Discovery and Acknowledgment in Images

Object Acknowledgment is an innovation in the field of PC vision. It is viewed as one of the troublesome and testing errands in PC vision. Numerous methodologies have been proposed before, and a model with another methodology which isn't just quick yet additionally dependable. Easynet model has been contrasted and different models also. Easynet model takes a gander at the entire picture at test time so its forecasts are educated by worldwide setting .At the expectation time, our model produces scores for the nearness of the item in a specific class. It makes expectations with a Single system assessment. Here Object discovery is a relapse issue to spatially isolated jumping boxes and related class probabilities

Dual Axis Solar Tracking System for Solar Panel

Sustainable energy systems are necessary for the economic growth and a healthy environment. India is currently suffering from an economic slump and acute fuel shortage. To overcome these issues the use of renewable energy resources needs to be enhanced manifold. The main purpose of this paper is to present a tracking system which will cause better alignment of solar panel with sunlight and to harvest solar power. The proposed system changes its direction in two axis to trace the coordinate of sunlight by detecting change in light intensity through light dependent resistors. Hardware testing of the proposed system is done for checking the system ability to track and follow the sunlight in an efficient way. Dual axis solar tracking system superiority over stationary solar panel is also presented

Amelioration of experimental rheumatoid arthritis by selected ultra-diluted preparations by down regulating increased expression of TNF-α & IL-6

The current work explored the inhibitory effect of selected homeopathic drugs, in experimental models of inflammation and CFA-induced arthritis. Twelve groups of animals were made, each containing 6 animals. The selected homeopathic drugs (causticum, calcarea, medorrhinum, mercurius, formica, proteus, silica, sulphur, thuja), placebo and standard drug, Indomethacin. In CFA model, treatment groups and the reference drug were administered daily for a period of 21 days. Dysfunction in joints was evaluated by parameters such as joint diameter, expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6). Findings of the study revealed that on CFA administration, there is a significant (p<0.01) increase in joint diameter in all the tested animals. On day 3, we found highest increase in the joint diameter in all treatment groups. Medorrhinum, silica, sulphur showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in joint diameter on day 21. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in paw edema was observed at 5 hours post carrageenan administration. IHC of NF-kB in CFA treated group revealed presence of vacuoles, infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, prominent reversal of joint damage was seen in homeopathic drugs (medorrhinum, silica, sulphur) and indomethacin. Study inferred that the homeopathic drugs (medorrhinum, silica, sulphur) and indomethacin were found to be potent in ameliorating inflammation

Comparative performance and ergonomic assessment of different types of weeder for better adaptability of machine

The research was planned to predict the performance and ergonomic assessment of different types (tractor operated weeder, the engine operated inter-row rotary weeder, tractor-drawn high clearance cultivator, and manual hand hoe) of weeder in cotton crop.  The study will help the farmers to purchase good quality weeder.  The experimental study consists of five treatments. Weeding operations have been done at three stages (pre-square, square, and flowering) of the cotton crop and the performance parameter was recorded. The highest weeding efficiency was found in manual hand hoe (Kasola) with 85.50-89.59% whereas efficiency varied from 74-76% in tractor operated weeders. Crop parameters were also recorded. Plant height and canopy at the flowering stage differ significantly and plant height was found significant at the square stage also. In all treatments, after weeding pulse rate varies from 104-122 beats/min. The engine operated power weeder resulted in more blood pressure (142/90)  than the manual weeder(135/88). So resulted obtained from the research, the tractor operated inter-row rotary weeder (M2) was found best and recommended

Tillage methods related to soil and water conservation in south Asia

Research on different tillage systems and their role in soil and water conservation in south Asia is reviewed. Tillage has shown marked influence on soil hydraulic characteristics and to some extent on soil chemical and biological properties particularly organic matter cycling. The importance of conservation tillage in reducing runoff, soil loss and in ensuring sustainable agricultural production in the region is emphasized. The role of other tillage practices, for example contour cultivation, contour bunding, terraces and tied ridging, in increasing the profile water storage is discusse

Amelioration of experimental rheumatoid arthritis by selected ultra-diluted preparations by down regulating increased expression of TNF-α & IL-6

956-964The current work explored the inhibitory effect of selected homeopathic drugs, in experimental models of inflammation and CFA-induced arthritis. Twelve groups of animals were made, each containing 6 animals. The selected homeopathic drugs (causticum, calcarea, medorrhinum, mercurius, formica, proteus, silica, sulphur, thuja), placebo and standard drug, Indomethacin. In CFA model, treatment groups and the reference drug were administered daily for a period of 21 days. Dysfunction in joints was evaluated by parameters such as joint diameter, expression of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6). Findings of the study revealed that on CFA administration, there is a significant (p<0.01) increase in joint diameter in all the tested animals. On day 3, we found highest increase in the joint diameter in all treatment groups. Medorrhinum, silica, sulphur showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in joint diameter on day 21. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in paw edema was observed at 5 h post carrageenan administration. IHC of NF-kB in CFA treated group revealed presence of vacuoles, infiltration of inflammatory cells. However, prominent reversal of joint damage was seen in homeopathic drugs (medorrhinum, silica, sulphur) and indomethacin. Study inferred that the homeopathic drugs (medorrhinum, silica, sulphur) and indomethacin were found to be potent in ameliorating inflammation