16 research outputs found
Permanent Lattice Compression of Lead-Halide Perovskite for Persistently Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties
Under mild mechanical pressure, halide perovskites show enhanced optoelectronic properties. However, these improvements are reversible upon decompression, and permanent enhancements have yet to be ..
Thiocyanate-Treated Perovskite-Nanocrystal-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Insight in Efficiency Roll-Off
Light emitting diodes (LED) based on halide perovskite nanocrystals (NC) have received widespread attention in recent years. In particular, LEDs based on CsPbBr3 NCs were the object of special interest. Here, we report for the first time green LED based on CsPbBr3 NCs treated with ammonium thiocyanate solution before purification with polar solvent. The champion device fabricated based on the treated CsPbBr3 NCs showed high efficiency and high stability during operation as well as during storage. A study on morphology and current distribution of NC films under applied voltages was carried out by conductive atomic force microscopy, giving a hint on efficiency roll-off. The current work provides a facile way to treat sensitive perovskite NCs and to fabricate perovskite NC-based LED with high stability. Moreover, the results shed new light on the relation between film morphology and device performance and on the possible mechanism of efficiency roll-off in NC LED
An insight into the electrochemical activity of Al-doped V2O3
We design Al-doped V2O3 (AlxV2O3) compounds as cathodes of aluminium battery. A citric acid-assisted simple solid-state synthesis is used to produce AlxV2O3 compounds by heating, at different temperature, a reaction mixture of NH4VO3, Al(NO3)3centerdot9H2O and citric acid under Ar flow. Al-doping in-between layers and at lattice sites of V2O3 is confirmed by structural, vibrational and chemical analyses. The doped compounds obtained at 600 °C and 800 °C are confirmed as Al0.56V2O3 and Al0.53V2O3 corresponding to theoretical capacities 488 and 490 mAh g−1, respectively, for the extraction of doped Al by considering three electron transfer (Al/Al3+). The as-synthesized AlxV2O3 compounds are tested as cathodes in aluminium battery with 1.0 M AlCl3:[EMIM]Cl electrolyte. The electrodes of Al0.56V2O3 and Al0.53V2O3 exhibited the first charge capacity of 415 and 385 mAh g−1, respectively. The electrochemical extraction of doped Al is confirmed by comparisons with bare V2O3 control cathodes and post-cycling structural studies. The extraction of doped Al from AlxV2O3 indicates its promising use in high capacity cathode for Al-ion battery.NRF (Natl Research Foundation, S’pore)Published versio
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A novel ball milling technique for room temperature processing of TiO2 nanoparticles employed as the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and modules
A novel ball milling method was used to prepare TiO2 ETMs at RT ∼ 30 °C for large and small area perovskite solar cells
Photovoltaic Performance of Vapor-Assisted Solution-Processed Layer Polymorph of Cs<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub>
The presence of toxic lead (Pb) remains
a major obstruction to the commercial application of perovskite solar
cells. Although antimony (Sb)-based perovskite-like structures A<sub>3</sub>M<sub>2</sub>X<sub>9</sub> can display potentially useful
photovoltaic behavior, solution-processed Sb-based perovskite-like
structures usually favor the dimer phase, which has poor photovoltaic
properties. In this study, we prepared a layered polymorph of Cs<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub> through solution-processing and
studied its photovoltaic properties. The exciton binding energy and
exciton lifetime of the layer-form Cs<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub> were approximately 100 meV and 6 ns, respectively. The photovoltaic
properties of the layered polymorph were superior to those of the
dimer polymorph. A solar cell incorporating the layer-form Cs<sub>3</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>I<sub>9</sub> exhibited an open-circuit voltage
of 0.72 V and a power conversion efficiency of 1.5%î—¸the highest
reported for an all-inorganic Sb-based perovskite
UV- and NIR-Protective Semitransparent Smart Windows Based on Metal Halide Solar Cells
In this study, a
solution-processable lead iodide semiconductor having a wide band
gap was investigated as a light absorbing material for various organic
electron transport materials, in a search for low-cost semiconductor
materials allowing the facile fabrication of efficient photovoltaic
devices. A Tauc plot suggested a wide intrinsic optical band gap of
2.4 eV for a thin film of PbI<sub>2</sub>, while X-ray diffraction
revealed that the spin-coated PbI<sub>2</sub> thin film had a hexagonal
crystalline structure with preferable orientation along the (001)
plane. The effect of the light intensity on the values of <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> and <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> was studied
to investigate the charge recombination mechanism of fabricated devices.
An efficient bifacial solar cell was prepared featuring a thin Ag
film sandwiched between BCP and MoO<sub>3</sub> layers as a transparent
rear electrode. The whole device featuring the BCP/Ag/MoO<sub>3</sub> electrode exhibited a maximum transmittance of approximately 60%
in the visible region, less than 15% in the UV region, and less than
25% in the NIR region. A power conversion efficiency of 2.19% was
achieved for a device featuring an opaque electrode (Ca/Al), while
the corresponding device featuring the transparent electrode
(BCP/Ag/MoO<sub>3</sub>) provided values of 0.75% and 0.67% when illuminated
from the front and rear, respectively. Thus, wide band gap metal halide
materials potentially open up a new path for fabricating efficient
and transparent photovoltaic devices having applications as building-integrated
smart windows. It also effectively prevents the penetration of UV
and NIR light, which is harmful for human health, into the building
Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing from Self-Assembled Hexagonal Perovskite Single Crystals and Porous Thin Films Decorated by Dielectric Spherical Resonators
Lasing
in self-assembled hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide
perovskites semiconductors has attained intensive research for low
cost and high performance optoelectronic devices due to their inherent
outstanding optical response. However, to achieve the controllable
laser action from a small single crystal remains as a challenging
issue. Here, we present a novel technique to fabricate self-assembled
high-quality hexagonal perovskite single crystals for realizing room-temperature
near-infrared whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser action. Quite interestingly,
the lasing spectrum for an individual CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> hexagonal single crystals encompasses the aspects
of high quality factor (<i>Q</i>) and low threshold WGM
lasing around 1200 and 26.8 μJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.
In addition, we demonstrate that when the porous perovskite thin films
were decorated with dielectric spheres, the laser oscillation can
be achieved through the coupling of WGM with perovskite gain material.
We found that the lasing spectra can be well manipulated by the size
of hexagonal single crystals and SiO<sub>2</sub> spheres. Moreover,
the discovered laser action and chemical stability of hexagonal single
crystal perovskites not only render them significant practical use
in highly efficient near-infrared emitting devices for laser photonics,
solid-state lighting, and display applications, but also provide a
potential extension toward various optoelectronic devices
Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells Featuring Semitransparent Electrodes
Inorganic–organic
hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are
promising devices for providing future clean energy because of their
low cost, ease of fabrication, and high efficiencies, similar to those
of silicon solar cells. These materials have been investigated for
their potential use in bifacial PSCs, which can absorb light from
both sides of the electrodes. Here, we fabricated bifacial PSCs featuring
transparent BCP/Ag/MoO<sub>3</sub> rear electrodes, which we formed
through low-temperature processing using thermal evaporation methods.
We employed a comprehensive optical distribution program to calculate
the distributions of the optical field intensities with constant thicknesses
of the absorbing layer in the top electrode configuration. The best
PSC having a transparent BCP/Ag/MoO<sub>3</sub> electrode achieved
PCEs of 13.49% and 9.61% when illuminated from the sides of the indium
tin oxide and BCP/Ag/MoO<sub>3</sub> electrodes, respectively. We
observed significant power enhancement when operating this PSC using
mirror reflectors and bifacial light illumination from both sides
of the electrodes
Using an Airbrush Pen for Layer-by-Layer Growth of Continuous Perovskite Thin Films for Hybrid Solar Cells
In this manuscript we describe hybrid
heterojunction solar cells, having the device architecture glass/indium
tin oxide/polyÂ(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopene)/polyÂ(styrenesulfonic acid)/perovskite/[6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester/C<sub>60</sub>/2,9-dimethyl- 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline/Al,
fabricated using lead halide perovskite obtained through spray-coating
at a low precursor concentration. To study the relationship between
the morphology and device performance, we recorded scanning electron
microscopy images of perovskite films prepared at various precursor
ratios, spray volumes, substrate temperatures, and postspray annealing
temperatures. Optimization of the spray conditions ensured uniform
film growth and high surface area coverage at low substrate temperatures.
Lead halide perovskite solar cells prepared under the optimal conditions
displayed an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of approximately
9.2%, with 85% of such devices having efficiencies of greater than
8.3%. The best-performing device exhibited a short-circuit current
density of 17.3 mA cm<sup>–2</sup>, a fill factor of 0.63,
and an open-circuit voltage of 0.93 V, resulting in a PCE of 10.2%.
Because spray-coating technology allows large-area deposition, we
also fabricated devices having areas of 60 and 342 mm<sup>2</sup>,
achieving PCEs with these devices of 6.88 and 4.66%, respectively
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Mitigating Metal Dendrite Formation in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries via Morphology-Tunable Graphene Oxide Interfaces.
Despite issues related to dendrite formation, research on Li metal anodes has resurged because of their high energy density. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) layers are decorated onto Li metal anodes through a simple process of drop-casting and spray-coating. The self-assembly of GO is exploited to synthesize coatings having compact, mesoporous, and macroporous morphologies. The abilities of the GO coatings to suppress dendrite formation are compared through Li|Li symmetrical cell charging at a current density of 5 mA cm-2 for 2000 cycles-a particularly abusive test. The macroporous structure possesses the lowest impedance, whereas the compact structure excels in terms of stability. Moreover, GO exhibits a low nucleation overpotential and is transformed into reduced GO with enhanced conductivity during the operation of the cells; both factors synergistically mitigate the issue of dendrite formation. Li-S batteries incorporating the GO-decorated Li anodes exhibit an initial capacity of 850 mA h g-1 and maintain their stability for 800 cycles at a C-rate of 1 C (1675 mA h g-1), suggesting the applicability of GO in future rechargeable batteries