Occupational health and safety of Finnish dairy farmers using automatic milking system

Introduction: Conventional pipeline and parlor milking expose dairy farmers and workers to adverse health outcomes. In recent years, automatic milking system (AMS) has gained much popularity in Finland, but the changes in working conditions when changing to AMS are not well-known. The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational health and safety risks in using AMS, compared to conventional milking systems (CMS). Methods: An anonymous online survey was sent to each Finnish dairy farm with an AMS in 2014. Only those dairy farmers with prior work experience in CMS were included in the final analysis consisting of descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Results: We received 228 usable responses (131 male and 97 female; 25.2% response rate). The majority of the participants found that AMS had brought flexibility to the organization of farm work, and it had increased leisure time, quality of life, productivity of dairy work, and the attractiveness of dairy farming among the younger generation. In addition, AMS reduced the perceived physical strain on the musculoskeletal system as well as the risk of occupational injuries and diseases, compared to CMS. However, working in close proximity to the cattle, particularly training of heifers to use the AMS, was regarded as a high-risk work task. In addition, the daily cleaning of the AMS and manual handling of rejected milk were regarded as physically demanding. The majority of the participants stated that mental stress caused by the monotonous, repetitive, paced, and hurried work had declined after changing to AMS. However, some indicated increased mental stress because of the demanding management of the AMS. In addition, nightly alarms caused by the AMS, lack of adequately skilled hired labor or farm relief workers, and taking care of the 24/7 standby for the AMS caused mental stress. Conclusions: Based on this study, AMS may have significant potential in the prevention of adverse health outcomes in milking of dairy cows. In addition, AMS may improve the productivity of dairy work and sustainability of dairy production. However, certain characteristics of the AMS require further attention with regard to occupational health and safety risks

Distribution and characteristics of occupational injuries and diseases among farmers: a retrospective analysis of workers’ compensation claims

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Work ability index among Finnish dairy farmers

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Characteristics and costs of disability pensions in Finnish agriculture based on 5-year insurance records

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Vision for occupational health and safety in agriculture and horticulture in Finland, 2025

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Serological biomarker panel in diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroscopy referral patients:clinical validation of the new-generation GastroPanel® test

Abstract Background/Aim: Prompted by the increasing demand of non-invasive diagnostic tools for screening of gastric cancer (GC) risk conditions, i.e., atrophic gastritis (AG) and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, the GastroPanel® test (GP: biomarker panel of PGI, PGII, G‐17, Hp IgG ELISA) that was developed in the early 2000’s, was recently updated to a new-generation (unified GP) test version. This clinical validation study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of the new-generation GP test in detection of AG and Hp among gastroscopy referral patients in a University Clinic. Patients and Methods: Altogether, 522 patients were enrolled among the patients referred for gastroscopy at the Gastro Center, Oulu University Hospital (OUH). All patients underwent gastroscopy with biopsies classified using the Updated Sydney System (USS), and blood sampling for GP testing. Results: Biopsy-confirmed AG was found in 10.2% (53/511) of the patients. The overall agreement between the GP and the USS classification was 92.4% (95%CI=90.0‐94.6%), with the weighted kappa (κw) of 0.861 (95%CI=0.834‐0.883). In ROC analysis using moderate/severe AG of the corpus (AGC2+) as the endpoint, AUC=0.952 (95%CI=0.891‐1.000) and AUC=0.998 (95%CI=0.996‐1.000) for PGI and PGI/PGII, respectively. Hp IgG antibody ELISA detected biopsy-confirmed Hp-infection with AUC=0.993 (95%CI=0.987‐0.999). Conclusion: The new generation GastroPanel® is a precise test for non-invasive diagnosis of atrophic gastritis and Hp-infection in dyspeptic patients referred for diagnostic gastroscopy

Luminescent Triphosphine Cyanide d¹⁰ Metal Complexes

Coinage metal cyanides efficiently react with a triphosphine. PPh₂C₆H₄–PPh–C₆H₄PPh₂ (P³). to give the complexes M­(P³)­CN, where M = Cu (<b>1</b>), Ag (<b>2</b>), and Au (<b>3</b>), which can further interact with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers [M­(P³)]⁺ to give the homobimetallic [(P³)­M–CN–M­(P³)]⁺X^– [M = Cu (<b>4a</b> with X^– = CF₃SO₃^– and <b>4b</b> with X^– = BF₄^–), Ag (<b>5</b>)] or heterometallic [(P³)­Au–CN–Ag­(P³)]⁺ (<b>6</b>) species. Extension of this approach also provided the trinuclear complex [(P³)­Cu–NC–Au–CN–Cu­(P³)]⁺ (<b>7</b>). Compounds <b>1</b>–<b>5</b> were characterized in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. The NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that all of the complexes except <b>6</b> retain their structures in solution. The title compounds are luminescent in the solid state, with quantum yields ranging from 8 to 87%. The observed photoemission originates mainly from the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states according to time-dependent density functional theory computational studies. The crystalline bimetallic Cu complexes <b>4a</b>/<b>4b</b> demonstrate extremely high sensitivity of the emission intensity to molecular O₂ (<i>K</i>_SV1 = 639 atm^–1 and LOD = 0.010% for 3 times the signal-to-noise ratio)

Intensely Luminescent Homoleptic Alkynyl Decanuclear Gold(I) Clusters and Their Cationic Octanuclear Phosphine Derivatives

Treatment of Au­(SC₄H₈)Cl with a stoichiometric amount of hydroxyaliphatic alkyne in the presence of NEt₃ results in high-yield self-assembly of homoleptic clusters (AuC₂R)₁₀ (R = 9-fluorenol (<b>1</b>), diphenylmethanol (<b>2</b>), 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol (<b>3</b>), 3-methyl-2-butanol (<b>4</b>), 4-methyl-2-pentanol (<b>4</b>), 1-cyclohexanol (<b>6</b>), 2-borneol (<b>7</b>)). The molecular compounds contain an unprecedented catenane metal core with two interlocked 5-membered rings. Reactions of the decanuclear clusters <b>1</b>–<b>7</b> with gold–diphosphine complex [Au₂(1,4-PPh₂–C₆H₄–PPh₂)₂]²⁺ lead to octanuclear cationic derivatives [Au₈(C₂R)₆(PPh₂–C₆H₄–PPh₂)₂]²⁺ (<b>8</b>–<b>14</b>), which consist of planar tetranuclear units {Au₄(C₂R)₄} coupled with two fragments [AuPPh₂–C₆H₄–PPh₂(AuC₂R)]⁺. The titled complexes were characterized by NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopy, and the structures of <b>1</b>, <b>13</b>, and <b>14</b> were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The luminescence behavior of both Au^I₁₀ and Au^I₈ families has been studied, revealing efficient room-temperature phosphorescence in solution and in the solid state, with the maximum quantum yield approaching 100% (<b>2</b> in solution). DFT computational studies showed that in both Au^I₁₀ and Au^I₈ clusters metal-centered Au → Au charge transfer transitions mixed with some π-alkynyl MLCT character play a dominant role in the observed phosphorescence

Luminescent Gold(I) Alkynyl Clusters Stabilized by Flexible Diphosphine Ligands

Treatment of the homoleptic decanuclear compounds (AuC₂R)₁₀ with the cationic gold diphosphine complexes [Au₂(PR′₂-X-PR′₂)₂]²⁺ results in high-yield formation of the new family of hexanuclear clusters [Au₆(C₂R)₄(PR′₂-X-PR′₂)₂]²⁺ (PR′₂-X-PR′₂ = PPh₂-(CH₂)_<i>n</i>-PPh₂, <i>n</i> = 2 (<b>1</b>, R = diphenylmethanolyl), <i>n</i> = 3 (<b>3</b>, R = diphenylmethanolyl; <b>4</b>, R = 1-cyclohexanolyl; <b>5</b>, R = 2-borneolyl), 4 (<b>6</b>, R = 1-cyclohexanolyl); PR′₂-X-PR′₂ = PCy₂-(CH₂)₂-PCy₂ (<b>2</b>, R = diphenylmethanolyl); PR′₂-X-PR′₂ = 1,2-(PPh₂-O)-C₆H₄ (<b>7</b>, R = diphenylmethanolyl); PR′₂-X-PR′₂ = (<i>R</i>,<i>R</i>)-DIOP (<b>8</b>, R = diphenylmethanolyl)). In the case of PPh₂-(CH₂)₄-PPh₂ phosphine and −C₂C­(OH)­Ph₂ alkynyl ligands an octanuclear cluster of a different structural type, [Au₈(C₂C­(OH)­Ph₂)₆(PPh₂-(CH₂)₄-PPh₂)₂]²⁺ (<b>9</b>), was obtained. Complexes <b>1</b>–<b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, and <b>9</b> were studied by X-ray crystallography. NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopic investigations showed that all but two (<b>2</b> and <b>9</b>) compounds are fluxional in solution and demonstrate dissociative chemical equilibria between major and a few minor forms. All of these complexes are intensely emissive in the solid state at room temperature and demonstrate very high quantum yields from 0.61 to 1.0 with weak influence of the alkynyl substituents R′ and the diphosphine backbones on luminescence energies. Two crystalline forms of the cluster <b>2</b> (<i>P</i>2₁/<i>n</i> and <i>P</i>2₁ space groups) exhibit unexpectedly contrasting yellow and sky blue emission, maximized at 572 and 482 nm, respectively. Electronic structure calculations with density functional methods demonstrate that the transitions responsible for the highly effective phosphorescence are dominated by contributions from the Au and π-alkynyl orbitals