MONOPOLI GARAM DI MADURA 1905-1920 The Monopoly of Salt in Madura

ABSTRACTMadura is often called the salt island because there are many people in the area produced salt. Apart from the many places for producing salt, the quality of the salt produced is good.During the Dutch East Indies Company period, the production of salt in Madura was limited because then many of salt territory were pawned by the noble to the Chinese entrepreneur. The situation then made some buyers control the salt selling in some areas under their control.During the British rule, Raffles abolished the pawn system and then created the basis of monopoly on the salt. Due to the short period of the rule, the abolishment of the system was not completely done. After the rule was over, the basis and implementation of monopoly was continued by the Dutch government.Basically, the monopoly of salt was about the regulations on the making and selling of salt. In the regulations, all salt fields were required for producing salt and the results had to be submitted to the government with a particular price or determined compensation. Therefore, the government was the monopoly holder on selling the salt.During it\u27s development, the government still held monopoly because, as well as yielding provites, the monopoly functioned to retain the authority of law. And even to complete the management of salt, the government set up a state enterprise. Under this enterpise, the management of salt was carried out by using a better book keeping. Besides, there was a shift on the supervision and maintenance from the warehouse to the fields.After the emergence of Sarekat Islam, and particulary Sarekat Islam of Madura branch, the organization could accomodate complaints from different salt producers and then addressed them to the government. Finally, this policy on salt which became one of the Sarekat Islam\u27s programmes which caused the Sarekat Islam\u27s decline in Madura. Keywords: Monopoly, entrepeneur, pawn system, state enterprise, bookkeeping

Beberapa segi etika dan etiket Jawa

Dalam rangka inilah penggalian sumber daya kultural sudah barang tentu akan dapat menghasilkan penemuan-penemuan unsur-unsur dari warisan kultural yang dapat disumbangkan sebagai unsur dari sistem kultural sebagai sintese unsur lama dan bar

Revolution in Surakarta 1945-50 : a case study of city and village in the Indonesian revolution

The five years of the Indonesian Revolution manifested not only the struggle to be free of Dutch colonialism; but also the attempt of Indonesian society to resolve its own tensions and contradictions, long held in suspension by colonial control. The intensity of internal revolutionary conflict in each locality served as an index of the social contradictions which had been latent beneath the superficial calm of Netherlands India. For many years Surakarta had been the centre of Javanese monarchy and traditionalism. In addition, it had become a major centre of colonial penetration, particularly through sugar estates, which caused the local people to rise against colonial authority. Early in the Revolution, this region became the centre for the most important badan perjuangan organizations, with the result that the city of Surakarta (Solo) became i:he focus of opposition to the Republican Government at Jogjakarta during the Revolution. Another reason for its selection was the role of the two Surakarta monarchies, the Kasunanan and the Mangkunegaran, in preserving written sources at the local level. Surakarta appears to be richer than any other Republican-held region in terms of local documentation for the study of the Revolution. This study was conceived while I was attending a colloquium on the Indonesian Revolution conducted by The Australian National University in Canberra in August 1973. Anthony Reid, who later became my supervisor, and other experts on Indonesian history such as John Smail, fiance Castles and Michael van Langenberg, encouraged me to enlarge my Surakarta case study to cover the period of the Indonesian Revolution as a whole. A number of specific problems have animated this study. What were the responses to the Independence Proclamation of the Surakartans, who had been caught in a feudal pattern for so many years? What kinds of factors determined their participation in the political and social conflicts of the time? What were the reasons for the intensity or the Revolution in Surakarta, including the permanent eclipse of its ruling dynasties? Did the Revolution really involve the rural people as well as the city-dwellers, or was it mostly an urban phenomenon? How far, in total, were the people involved in what had to be the key experience of their life time? In an attempt to tackle these questions, I selected certain rural areas for careful study, to balance the uroan bias of most written sources. Four rural subdistricts (kecamatan) were selected to provide a range of conditions. I selected two Kasunanan subdistricts with many plantations: Delanggu (Klaten regency) and Kedawung (Fragen regency) and two Mangkunegaran subdistricts with few plantations - Bendosari (Sukoharjo regency) and Jumapolo (Karanganyar regency). I hoped these examples would provide a broad enough range to examine the different degrees of rural involvement in the Revolution. I interviewed persons who had been involved, directly and indirectly, in many important activities during the Revolution. These interviews were conducted in either Javanese or Indonesian. In the villages they were more frequently in Javanese, because most of the older generation of villagers did not have an adequate knowledge of Indonesian. The collection of data was also carried out by examining documents, local newspapers, other contemporary publications, and private memoirs and recollections. I located contemporary Surakarta newspapers and journals in the Reksopustoko Library (Mangkunegaran, Surakarta), the Sasono Wilopo collections (Kasunanan, Surakarta), Perpustakaan Negara (Jogjakarta) and Perpustakaan Islam (Jogjakarta). Archival sources were found mainly in the Arsip Mangkunegaran (AMN) in Surakarta and Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia (ANRI) in Jakarta. The Seksi Sejarah Militer Angkatan Darat (SEMAD), Surakarta, also contains documents and materials for the period, many of them relating to the badan perjuangan organizations Most other Republican archives in Java were damaged as a result of the scorched-earth policy followed by the Republican troops during the Dutch aggressions. This is the main reason for the relative scarcity of written sources in the period of the Indonesian Revolution. For this reason this study is at times obliged to rely on an unsupported oral history approach, although wherever possible oral sources are complemented by contemporary written sources

AKTIVITAS EKONOMI PERDAGANGAN ORANG- ORANG CINADI PANTAI UTARA JAWA TIMUR PADA ABAD XVIII Economic Activities of The Chinese Traders in the North Coast of East Java

ABSTRACT This thesis deals with the trading economic activity in the north coast of East Java from the 18th century. Considering that the north coast of East Java consists of many cities, the discussion focuses on the certain cities, namely Tuban, Gresik, Surabaya, Pasuruan, and Probolinggo. The Chinese played an important role in the trading for centuries. \u27 The existence of VOC in Java in the early 18th century, gave opportunity to the Chinese to expand their business network. They previously became middle men between Chinese traders and the indigenous merchants but then their role changed. After becoming the middle men, they played a vital role in either a collective trading or a distribution trade (export-import). In the 19th century, the role of the Chinese grew stronger, and they were able to occupy the economy of Java. They did not only run business on trading but also hiring farms and tilling the soil, setting up the sugar cane mill. Besides, they became the collectors of market and road taxes and held some profitable licenses like the license of distributing opium and liquor. When the rulers changed, the role of the Chinese changed too. They however, became midlle men of the tremendous trading between the western people and the natives. The economic policy of Dutch, Hindian government, somehow, had influenced the merchantile activities of the Chinese. The publication of letter of expedition was found to be the obstacle of their trading. This caused the decrease of merchantile process and it, somehow, influenced the European commerce and the loss of national finance stock reduced the income from the custom tax on the imported merchandise. Keywords: economic activity -- Chinese traders -- the economic policy of Dutch 1. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Wegeri Jember, Jember 2. Fakultas Sastra Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta menjalin kerja sama tiga arah. Jaringan kerja sama perdagangan sesama etnis dipadukan dengan kerja sama antara orang Cina dengan penguasa pribumi dan VOC. Hubungan sesama etnis dan penguasa pribumi yang telah berlangsung lama telah melancarkan urusan dalam bidang ekonomi perdagangan. Dari hubungan ini selain dapat memperluas wilayah perdagang annya, orang-orang Cina memperoleh perlindungan dan fasilitas yang menguntungkan kegiatan ekonomi perdagangan. Akhirnya, hubungan dengan VOC selain mendapat perlindungan dari ancaman persoalan yang datang dari penguasa-penguasa pribumi, pedagang-pedagang Cina dipercaya sebagai perantara dalam perdagangan koleksi maupun distribusi serta lisensi-lisensi yang penting dalam perdagangan candu, arak dan lain-lain sehingga semakin memperluas aktivitas perdagangan orang-orang Cina di pantai Utara Jawa Timur. Carey, Peter, Orang Jawa dan Masyarakat Cina (1755 - 1825), PT Pustaka Aset, Jakarta, 1985. .

Seminar sejarah nasional v subtema sejarah kesenian

Buku ini berisi tulisan-tulisan dari Seminar sejarah nasional v dengan subtema sejarah kesenian

Seminar sejarah nasional V: subtema pengajaran sejarah

Buku ini merupakan kumpulan tulisan-tulisan dari Seminar sejarah nasional v dengan subtema pengajaran sejarah

Institutional Role in Gunung Walat Educational Forest Policy: Discourse and Historical Approaches

Institutional science with various approaches have been used in analysing forest policy at international level and in Indonesia. This research used institutional science with discourse and historical approach for the policy of Forest Territory with Special Purpose (Kawasan Hutan dengan Tujuan Khusus, KHDTK). This research study the KHDTK case of Gunung Walat Educational Forest (Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, HPGW). The goal of this research is to understand discourse/narration of policy and describe the policy space for HPGW and KHDTK. Institutional analysis in this research used discourse and historical approach. Discourse analysis used IDS model supported with Wittmer-Birner model and Eden-Ackermann diagram. On the other hand,  historical approach used the historical relationship. The research outcome showed that the process of creating HPGW policy is not linear, but being affected by policy discourse/narration in the process of creating HPGW policy. Faculty of Forestry IPB has been successfully managing HPGW because of the success to build policy discourse/narration which is supported by the knowledge of HPGW managers, cooperation network, and interest and power.  Meanwhile, external party perceived and believed the importance of HPGW management for forestry education. The success key of HPGW policy is in structuring the institution that control the behavior of HPGW managers, so the managers obtained trust from third parties to create interest alliances which can boost HPGW management performance. HPGW policy can be used to fulfill KHDTK policy space according to Article 8, Forestry Law Number 41 Year 1999.Keywords: discourse, history, institution, Gunung Walat Educational Forest (HPGW), forest territory with special purpose (KHDTK

Ungkapan-ungkapan fisafat sejarah Barat dan Timur Penjelasan berdasarkan kesadaran sejarah

Jakartax, 118 p.; 21 c

Papers of the fourth Indonesia-Dutch history conference Yogyakarta 24-29 July 1983

xiv, 297 p. : il.; 20 cm