Geometric multiaxial representation of N-qubit mixed symmetric separable states

Study of an N qubit mixed symmetric separable states is a long standing challenging problem as there exist no unique separability criterion. In this regard, we take up the N-qubit mixed symmetric separable states for a detailed study as these states are of experimental importance and offer elegant mathematical analysis since the dimension of the Hilbert space reduces from 2N to N + 1. Since there exists a one to one correspondence between spin-j system and an N-qubit symmetric state, we employ Fano statistical tensor parameters for the parametrization of spin density matrix. Further, we use geometric multiaxial representation (MAR) of density matrix to characterize the mixed symmetric separable states. Since separability problem is NP hard, we choose to study it in the continuum limit where mixed symmetric separable states are characterized by the P-distribution function λ (ᶿ, Φ) We show that the N-qubit mixed symmetric separable state can be visualized as a uniaxial system if the distribution function is independent of ᶿ, and Φ. We further choose distribution function to be the most general positive function on a sphere and observe that the statistical tensor parameters characterizing the N-qubit symmetric system are the expansion coefficients of the distribution function. As an example for the discrete case, we investigate the MAR of a uniformly weighted two qubit mixed symmetric separable state. We also observe that there exists a correspondence between separability and classicality of states

Eustachian tube dysfunction in OSMF- often present seldom discovered

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of OSMF on the eustachian tube function and to correlate it with various grades of the disease. Study Design: Twenty OSMF patients (40 ears) and 20 healthy controls (40 ears) were evaluated for eustachian tube function by eustachian tube function test, tympanometry and audiometry. Results: The audiometric and tympanometric analysis showed no significant differences in hearing abilities of OSMF patients and controls and between various grades of OSMF, indicating no hearing impairment. However, eustachian tube function test revealed a statistically significant difference in eustachian tube function in OSMF patients and controls. Further, there was a significant increase in severity of dysfunction with increase in severity of disease. Conclusions: From the present study it is evident that the subjective function of Eustachian tube may be affected by disease process. But, probably the amount of deviation found in function of the eustachian tube is non contributing to cause a conductive hearing loss

Role of Hemoglobin and Serum Iron in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinical Study

Background. Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, insidious oral mucosal condition affecting the most parts of the oral cavity with high malignant transformation rate triggered by areca nut chewing, nutritional deficiencies, immunologic processes, and genetic predisposition. OSF causes significant hematological abnormalities resulting in anemia and a decrease in serum iron levels. Aim. The aim of this study was to estimate the hemoglobin and serum iron levels among patients with oral submucous fibrosis and to compare the values with healthy subjects. Materials and Methods. In this hospital-based study 30 diagnosed patients of OSMF and 15 healthy individuals were included, and the values of hemoglobin and serum iron levels were estimated using Sahli's and Ferrene methods. Results. OSMF patients showed significantly lower levels of hemoglobin and serum iron when compared with the healthy subjects. Conclusion. The findings of the study emphasizes on the assessment of hemoglobin and serum iron for patients with oral submucous fibrosis. Also iron therapy should be instituted concomitantly with the initial diagnosis which helps to cease the further progression of the condition. Further extensive studies are indicated to understand the correlation between OSMF and iron deficiency

Peak hardness stability analysis of Al7075 alloy dispersed with Ni coated duralumin powder during natural aging phenomena

This technical paper presents the successful reinforcement of nickel (Ni) coated duralumin powder in an Al7075 matrix using the liquid stir casting technique and property stability obtained by heat treatment. Ni coating is performed by electroless nickel plating technique where 8 μm coating thickness was observed to be the minimum required to prevent dissolution of the reinforcements (duralumin powder) in the matrix (Al7075). During stir casting it was observed to uniformly disperse the coated duralumin powder up to 7 wt.%. Al7075 alloy and composites were artificially aged with solution heat treatment (SHT) performed at 450 °C for 4 h, water quenched and then aged at 120, 150 and 180 °C. Al7075 alloy and composites were naturally aged for 24 weeks in atmospheric temperature after peak aging. Composites aged at 120 °C exhibited superior results and considered as optimum aging temperature compared to those aged at 150 and 180 °C. Peak hardness values in 7075-7Dp+8T composite improved by 108% and 7075-7Dp+10T composite improved by 110% when compared to peak aged (at 120 °C) Al7075 alloy. Moreover, composites with coated reinforcement displayed a higher resistance to natural aging, with reductions of 53.5 and 54.4% in natural aging tendency compared to the naturally aged Al7075 alloy for 7075-7Dp+8T and 7075-7Dp+10T composites respectively. However, an increase in Ni coating thickness beyond the optimal 8 μm did not significantly improve as cast and peak hardness or natural aging resistance. XRD analysis confirmed that there is presence of CuAl2, CuAl2Mg, Mg2Si, and MgZn2 phases in peak-aged (120 °C) 7075-7Dp+8T sample. Considering the limited impact on property enhancement and the financial burden associated with thicker coatings, a coating thickness of 8 μm is recommended as compared to 10 μm

Psammomatoid Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma: A Case Report with Literature Review

Psammomatoid Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma (PJOF) is an uncommon neoplasm that is distinguished from the adult variant of ossifying fibromas on the basis of age, site, clinical behavior and microscopic appearance. It is seen in children younger than 15 years of age, and the maxilla is more commonly involved than the mandible. PJOF may exhibit erosion and invasion of the surrounding bone accompanied by rapid enlargement PJOF can be distinguished from other maxillofacial fibro-osseous lesions by its tendency to recur and its clinical mimicry of malignant bone tumors, but some clinical and histological features of PJOF overlap with the other fibro-osseous lesions as well. We report a case of a 15-year-old female patient with a painless apparently slow growing tumor in the left malar region, which occupied almost the whole of the left maxillary sinus, eroding the orbital border of the sinus

Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus & anthropometric measurements – a case control study in South India

Introduction: Obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Clinical evidence indicates a stronger association of diabetes with central obesity than general obesity. The present study aimed to compare the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and different anthropometric measurements and evaluate the usefulness of these measurements in clinical practice.Methods: A case-control study was done among 102 individuals; of whom 51 cases included diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus (≥20years age) patients attending the Medicine out-patient consultation of a tertiary care hospital and 51 controls who were screen negative for T2DM and recruited from the local community. Various anthropometric measurements were measured using standard World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15. Results: The proportion of cases with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 was 55% as compared to 22% of controls and this association was statistically significant (p<0.05). The proportion of cases with high waist circumference cut-offs (WC) was 74.5% as compared to 45.1% healthy individuals and this association was also statistically significant (p<0.05, OR=3.56). A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for both gender revealed highest area under the curve for body mass index (area= 0.787). Body mass index had the best discriminatory power. Waist to hip ratio was not a sensitive marker especially for females.Conclusion: A strong association between obesity indices and diabetes was identified. BMI and WC could be used in clinical practice for suggesting life style modifications.

Evaluation of cachexia in oral submucous fibrosis

Introduction: Patients with cancer suffer from a wasting syndrome associated with anorexia/cachexia. Anorexia is associated with a marked loss of appetite and/or an aversion to food. Cachexia is associated with loss of body mass and is often associated with weakness, fatigue leading to poor quality of life. It has been observed in those individuals with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a premalignant condition, are generally thin and there seems to be a relation between loss of appetite and consumption of areca nut in these individuals. Aims: Evaluation of cachexia in OSMF patients based on the criteria given for defining cachexia by group of scientists and clinicians in the cachexia consensus conference. Materials and methods: Twenty OSMF cases (group I) and 20 healthy individuals with areca nut chewing habit (group II) were assessed for body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin and serum albumin level. Their fatigue and anorexia scores were calculated by using structured questionnaires. Results: Correlation between fatigue and anorexia was statistically significant for OSMF group but was statistically not significant in group 11. Comparisons of BMI, hemoglobin, fatigue and anorexia between two groups were statistically not significant, however, serum albumin was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that the early process of cachexia begins during the progression of OSMF. The areca nut chewing practice associated with OSMF may play some role in this context

Complete Tri Symptomatic Sturge Weber Syndrome - A case report with review of literature

Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) belongs to a group of disorders collectively known as the phakomatoses ("mother-spot" diseases). It consists of congenital hamartomatous malformations that may affect the eye, skin, and central nervous system at different times. Sturge-Weber syndrome is rare. It is present at birth in about 1 in every 50,000 babies. SWS is classified into complete trisymptomatic SWS when all 3 organ systems are involved, incomplete bisymptomatic SWS when the involvement is either oculocutaneous or neurocutaneous, and incomplete monosymptomatic SWS when there is only neural or cutaneous involvement. Patients with no cutaneous involvement appear to be spared from the ocular manifestations of the syndrome. Presenting a case report of this rare disorder in a 26 year old male, who presented with lip enlargement