Effects of selected asana practices on flexibility and balance among school level taekwondo athlete

To achieve the purpose of this study, a school level taekwondo Athlete were selected from Premier Vidya Vikash School, Coimbatore. The selected (N= 30) thirty subjects were randomly divided into two equal groups (n-15), experimental group named as asana programme and control group. The pre-test was conducted on selected physiological variables (flexibility and balance), for all the groups. The readings were carefully regarded in the respective unit as pre-test score. After pre-test experimental group was treated with sit and reach test and stork balance test programme and the control group was not treated with any special programme. They kept as a control group. The subject was tested on criterion measures on flexibility – Sit and Reach Test and balance- Stroke balance the readings were carefully recorded in their respective units as pre-test score. The experimental groups underwent the respective training schedule one half hour per day in the morning session for a period of six weeks. After completion of 6 weeks of training, all the two groups were tested again on flexibility and balance the scores were recorded in their respected units as post-test scores. The pre and post test scores were taken for appropriate statistical analysis. In order to find out the significant changes if any paired ‘t’ ratio was be applied 0.05 level of confidence. The present study experimented effects of selected asana practices on flexibility and balance among school level taekwondo athlete. The result of this study indicated that there was is a change in flexibility and balance due to the proper planning, preparation, and execution of the training package given to the athlet

Filtration properties of staple fibre thermo-bonded nonwoven fabrics

Thermal bonded polyester staple fibre nonwoven fabrics have been produced, considering different proportions of binder fibres, directions of web laid as variables, and bonding time and bonding temperature as constant. The influence of process variables on fabric properties, such as bursting strength, air permeability, bubble point diameter, mean flow pore diameter and filtration efficiency with three different particle (1, 0.5, and 0.3µ) along with the overall filtration efficiency have been tested and the results are compared with spun laced nonwoven fabrics. The fibres are oriented in cross and parallel directions, this arrangement of fibres leads to increase in bursting strength. The trend in air permeability of cross-laid web fabrics is found similar to spunlaced fabrics. The pore sizes of the thermal bonded fabrics have been minimized by laying the web in cross direction and increasing the binder fibre proportion; it has minimum variation with spunlaced fabrics. Aerosols of different particles are fed to the upstream of the filters with the face velocity of 16.6 cm/s which is then maintained as constant. The maximum filtration efficiency achieved is found to be 93.13% which is around 13% higher than that of the spunlaced fabric. For 80g/m2 fabrics with 0.3µ particles, the filtration efficiency of spun laced fabric is only 38% which is around one and a half time lesser than 80 g/m2 of thermal bonded fabric; 90g/m2 fabrics show equal and better properties than 100g/m2 fabrics

Automatic Creation of SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting Attacks

We present a technique for finding security vulnerabilitiesin Web applications. SQL Injection (SQLI) and cross-sitescripting (XSS) attacks are widespread forms of attackin which the attacker crafts the input to the application toaccess or modify user data and execute malicious code. Inthe most serious attacks (called second-order, or persistent,XSS), an attacker can corrupt a database so as to causesubsequent users to execute malicious code.This paper presents an automatic technique for creatinginputs that expose SQLI and XSS vulnerabilities. The techniquegenerates sample inputs, symbolically tracks taintsthrough execution (including through database accesses),and mutates the inputs to produce concrete exploits. Oursis the first analysis of which we are aware that preciselyaddresses second-order XSS attacks.Our technique creates real attack vectors, has few falsepositives, incurs no runtime overhead for the deployed application,works without requiring modification of applicationcode, and handles dynamic programming-languageconstructs. We implemented the technique for PHP, in a toolArdilla. We evaluated Ardilla on five PHP applicationsand found 68 previously unknown vulnerabilities (23 SQLI,33 first-order XSS, and 12 second-order XSS)

PHOSPHORYLATION OF TAU PROTEIN IN BRAIN REGIONS OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE - INDUCED RATS: AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF ERYTHROPOIETIN

Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major clinical health problem as it is a systemic disorder that causes widespread organ damageand it is related to significant morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have shown that, cognitive dysfunction increase in prevalence, due toincrease in reactive oxygen species in CKD severity. Tau proteins are proteins that stabilize microtubules. Hyperphosphorylation of tau reduces itsability to bind to microtubule causes dystabilization and production of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neurodegeneration in the brain. Aberranthyperphosphorylation of tau is critical to the progression of neurodegeneration. Erythropoietin (EPO), a glycoprotein has been in clinical use formillions of anemic patients, and some studies show it has a neuroprotective role. Till now studies on the level of tau protein phosphorylation in brainregions of CKD-induced experimental animals and impact of EPO therapy are scarce. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of CKD and EPOtherapy on tau protein phosphorylation in brain regions of experimental rats.Methods: This study was performed on 48 adult male Wistar rats. Two phases were conducted to find out the difference between simultaneous andposttreatment of EPO. Phase I: 24 adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (6 animals each): Group 1: Control, Group 2: 0.75% of adeninemixed diet for 4 weeks, Group 3: 0.75% of adenine mixed diet was given for 4 weeks and simultaneous administration of EPO (100 IU/kg btw, ip)thrice weekly. Group 4: EPO alone (100 IU/Kg btw, ip) thrice per week. All the animals were sacrificed uniformly at the end of 4 weeks. In Phase II,24 animals were maintained separately for 40 days experimental period and divided into 4 groups. Groups 1, 2, and 4 animals were treated as samementioned in Phase I. Group 3: For EPO posttreatment, adenine mixed diet was given for 4 weeks for chronic renal failure (CRF) induction. After the 4week, EPO (100 IU/Kg btw.) was administered daily once for 12 days. At the end of the 40 days, all the animals were sacrificed uniformly. In both thephases after the treatment period, the brain tissue was removed and samples were homogenized. Total tau protein and phosphorylated tau proteinexpressions were analyzed by western blotting method.Results: In results, both the total tau and phosphorylated tau protein levels were significantly increased all the brain regions of CRF-induced groupswhen compared to control. In both simultaneous and posttreatment of EPO, the levels were retrieved.Conclusion: This study proves that EPO supplementation has a promising role in neuroprotection by preventing abnormal phosphorylated tauprotein accumulation. This study also proves the clinical usefulness of EPO as a supplemental therapeutic agent in neurotoxicity.Keywords: Chronic renal failure, Cognitive dysfunction, Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Erythropoietin.t

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF NANO ZERO-VALENT IRON IMPREGNATED CASHEW NUT SHELL

Objective: The present study is focussed on the synthesis and evaluation of the antibacterial activity of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) impregnated cashew nut shell (NZVI-CNS). Antibacterial activity was determined by adopting agar well diffusion method against selected bacteria.Methods: The preparation was carried out by simple liquid-phase reduction method, namely, borohydride reduction method. The anti-bacterial activity of the NZVI-CNS was studied against by adopting well diffusion assay method. Superparamagnetism behaviour has been studied using a permanent bar ferro magnet.Results: The nanoparticles obtained have been characterized with various techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron microscope (TEM) analyses. These techniques showed that the formations of NZVI with an average size of 50 to 100 nm and also it was found to be hexagonal and spherical in shape. The obtained NZVI impregnated CNS exhibits better superparamagnetism phenomenon. The synthesized cashew nut shell impregnated NZVI had the potential to inhibit the bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Serratia marcescens.Conclusion: The synthesis process for NZVI nanoparticles impregnated CNS is simple, cost-effective, and eco-friendly. The synthesized NZVI impregnated CNS had the greater potential as effective growth inhibitors in the various microorganisms and this can be applied to the diverse pharmacological applications.Â

MIGRAINE: A POSSIBLE CAUSE FOR COGNITIVE DECLINE

Objectives:Migraine is the second most common type of headache and seventh most disabling disease worldwide. In general, obesity is often related to headache disorders in several clinical and epidemiologic studies. Obese migraine patients may have an increased attack frequency due to increase in inflammatory response. Cognitive decline is the major pitfall of migraine disorder and there exists a conflicting result between cognition and migraine and the effect of Body Mass Index (BMI) on migraine. So this study is done to find out the relationship between cognition and migraine and its association with BMI.Methods:The study protocol was approved by the ethical committee of SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre. The study group consisted of 30 migraine patients and 30 healthy controls aged between 18-40 years of age. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. Diagnosis of migraine was made using the criteria of 2nd edition of International Headache Classification (IHC). Patients affected by Diabetes mellitus, Hypertension, allergy, inflammation, infection or immune disorders were excluded. Height and weight of the subjects were taken to calculate the BMI. Cognitive tests such as stroop interference trial & trial making tests (A&B) were done to evaluate working memory, mental flexibility and attention.Results:Compared to controls, cases took more time for performing stroop colour card test (106.40 ± 15.87 seconds vs. 132.17±7.027seconds, p<0.001) and trial making pattern B (54.77± 8.169 seconds vs. 56.23 ± 23.457seconds, p=0.004). Among the migraine subjects, obese individuals had an increased frequency of migraine attack per month (Correlation coefficient r=0.797)Conclusion:Cognitive decline in migraine is one of the underestimated problems in migraine. Identifying such problems early can prevent major consequences in day to day activities of migraine patients. Since there is an increased frequency of migraine with increase in BMI, obese migraine subjects can be recommended to do regular exercises.Â

In vitro anticancer activity of Sargassum sp. polysaccharides against MCF-7 cell lines

1267-1273Seaweed polysaccharides are compounds with promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities. In this study, polysaccharides isolated from Sargassum seaweeds were tested for their efficiency in cancer therapy. Polysaccharides were isolated, purified, and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometric (MALDI-MS). It was found that the polysaccharides from Sargassum sp. branches are sulfated galactose–fucose disaccharides and sulfated galactose monosaccharides attached to the main chain through (1–4) linkages. Further, the polysaccharides were tested for cytotoxicity and anticancer activity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) using the Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining method

Kulikovskiyia gen. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the lateritic rock pools of the Western Ghats, India and from Hainan Province, China

A new triundulate naviculoid diatom genus is described from the Western Ghats of Peninsular India and Hainan Province, China. The new taxon, Kulikovskiyia gen. nov. has robust conical spines along its margin and at the apices and the external valve face has longitudinally‐oriented siliceous slat system extending the length of the valve. The external distal raphe ends bifurcate and terminates on the valve face. There appear to be superficial similarities between this Asian genus and species and Playaensis, a genus comprised of two species found only in the western USA. The systematic position of Kulikovskiyia is discussed, and other than noting its similarities to other biraphid naviculoid diatoms due to symmetry features and the position of the raphe, we are uncertain about its systematic placement at finer levels of classification.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153713/1/pre12400_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153713/2/pre12400.pd

Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle/Aloe Vera Incorporated PCL/PEO matrix for wound dressing application

Polymeric wound dressing materials have remarkable mechanical, structural, and biocompatible behavior. In this work, a polymer matrix of Polycaprolactone (PCL)/Polyethylene Oxide (PEO) incorporated with Aloe Vera (AV) extract and silver nanoparticles were prepared for wound dressing application. Initially, the phytochemicals from AV were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus, and then the aloe extract was used as a reducing agent to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NP). Ag NP's formation was confirmed by the presence of a characteristic UV absorbance peak at 420 nm. Ag NP's average diameter and shape were found to be between 10-50 nm and spherical, respectively. AV extract and Ag NP were incorporated into PCL/PEO polymer solution to prepare the polymer matrix by solution casting method. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the effect of Ag NP concentration, AV extract percentage, and PEO weight percentage concerning PCL on wound dressing application. Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) and swelling properties of all the sample were tested and found that the PEO and AV extract plays a major role in both swelling and WVTR irrespective of Ag NP concentration. The antimicrobial property of synthesized Ag NP was studied against gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli with control samples (PCL and PCL/PEO), Ag NP with 150 mg concentration showed a higher zone of inhibition than the other concentrations. Thus, the prepared PCL/PEO polymer matrix incorporated with AV extract and Ag NP can be used as an effective wound dressing material