FGFR1 and WT1 are markers of human prostate cancer progression

BACKGROUND: Androgen-independent prostate adenocarcinomas are responsible for about 6% of overall cancer deaths in men. METHODS: We used DNA microarrays to identify genes related to the transition between androgen-dependent and androgen-independent stages in the LuCaP 23.1 xenograft model of prostate adenocarcinoma. The expression of the proteins encoded by these genes was then assessed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (TMA) including human prostate carcinoma samples issued from 85 patients who had undergone radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: FGFR1, TACC1 and WT1 gene expression levels were associated with the androgen-independent stage in xenografts and human prostate carcinoma samples. MART1 protein expression was correlated with pT2 tumor stages. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that each of these four genes may play a role, or at least reflect a stage of prostate carcinoma growth/development/progression

Heterogeneity in reporting on urinary outcome and cure after surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence in adult neuro-urological patients: A systematic review

Aims: To describe all outcome parameters and definitions of cure used to report on outcome of surgical interventions for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in neuro-urological (NU) patients. Methods: This systematic review was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The study protocol was registered and published (CRD42016033303; http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO). Medline, Embase, Cochrane controlled trials databases, and clinicaltrial.gov were systematically searched for relevant publications until February 2017. Result

Estrogen Receptor Silencing Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Human Breast Cancer Cells

We propose the hypothesis that loss of estrogen receptor function which leads to endocrine resistance in breast cancer, also results in trans-differentiation from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype that is responsible for increased aggressiveness and metastatic propensity. siRNA mediated silencing of the estrogen receptor in MCF7 breast cancer cells resulted in estrogen/tamoxifen resistant cells (pII) with altered morphology, increased motility with rearrangement and switch from a keratin/actin to a vimentin based cytoskeleton, and ability to invade simulated components of the extracellular matrix. Phenotypic profiling using an Affymetrix Human Genome U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip indicated geometric fold changes ≥3 in approximately 2500 identifiable unique sequences, with about 1270 of these being up-regulated in pII cells. Changes were associated with genes whose products are involved in cell motility, loss of cellular adhesion and interaction with the extracellular matrix. Selective analysis of the data also showed a shift from luminal to basal cell markers and increased expression of a wide spectrum of genes normally associated with mesenchymal characteristics, with consequent loss of epithelial specific markers. Over-expression of several peptide growth factors and their receptors are indicative of an increased contribution to the higher proliferative rates of pII cells as well as aiding their potential for metastatic activity. Signalling molecules that have been identified as key transcriptional drivers of epithelial to mesenchymal transition were also found to be elevated in pII cells. These data support our hypothesis that induced loss of estrogen receptor in previously estrogen/antiestrogen sensitive cells is a trigger for the concomitant loss of endocrine dependence and onset of a series of possibly parallel events that changes the cell from an epithelial to a mesenchymal type. Inhibition of this transition through targeting of specific mediators may offer a useful supplementary strategy to circumvent the effects of loss of endocrine sensitivity

Neuromodulation sacrée S3 et troubles mictionnels réfractaires@ (technique chirurgicale et résultats)

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Méd/Odontol. (130552103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

The prognostic value of the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in renal oncology: A review

International audienceThe neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) is a biological marker of inflammation with a demonstrated prognostic value in the field of oncology. In this review we discussed the prognostic value of the NLR in renal cell carcinomas (RCC), where several multiparametric nomograms already existed. For localized RCC, a NLR <3 was predictive of a reduced risk of recurrence. In metastatic or locally advanced RCC, a NLR <3 predicted an increased overall survival, progression-free survivals and response to systemic treatment. In current practice the NLR is a simple costless prognostic factor with potential improvement in the prognostic performance of nomograms used in renal oncology

Review of the Different Treatments and Management for Prostate Cancer and Fertility

International audienceOBJECTIVE To compare the options available for prostate cancer management and their consequences on fertility for men, in order to best advise these men to choose their treatment, especially if they are young, with no child with their current partner. METHODS A literature review on prostate cancer and fertility over the last 26 years was carried out on PubMed database. The literature was based on evidence and practical considerations. Twenty-nine articles were selected according to their relevance. RESULTS After prostatectomy, there is an obstructive infertility in 100% of the cases. In external radiotherapy, doses more than 15 cGy induced reduction in sperm count. Direct irradiation between 15 and 35 cGy caused oligozoospermia and doses between 35 and 50 cGy caused reversible azoospermia. The calculated projected doses on testicles were 196 cGy (+/- 145 cGy). The brachytherapy effects on fertility seems to be less harmful. The irradiation dose received by testicles is less important (less than 20 cGy) after brachytherapy than after external radiotherapy. Infertility induced by hormonal therapy alone should be reversible. Fertility and focal therapy have not been well evaluated yet. Active surveillance is the management of prostate cancer which allows to keep at best men's fertility. CONCLUSION Urologists should consider approaching the topic of infertility when discussing the pros and cons of various prostate cancer management with their younger patients. If a patient with prostate cancer expresses interest in future fertility, a semen analysis should be performed. Cryopreservation represents the only preemptive accompanying possibility to preserve fertility in young cancer patients. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc

Widespread Postponement of Functional Urology Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rationale, Potential Pitfalls, and Future Consequences

International audienceOwing to the recent emergence and rapid spread of SARS coronavirus 2, many national health authorities are recommending cancellation of scheduled elective surgeries and office visits [1–5]. The objectives are to increase the availability of inpatient and intensive care unit beds, to permit internal redeployment of medical staff and nurses, and to avoid overwhelming the health care systems. Another goal is to minimise exposure to COVID-19 by reducing visits to hospital by asking patients to stay at home to flatten the pandemic curve

Évaluation préliminaire de l'impact d'un stage pilote d'initiation à la gestuelle chirurgicale sur l'acquisition des habiletés techniques de base par les internes de chirurgie de premier semestre

Contexte : L'apprentissage de l'habileté technique chirurgicale (HTC) dans le système français de formation en chirurgie repose essentiellement sur l'immersion en situation réelle et le compagnonnage. De nouvelles contraintes pèsent sur l'exercice de la chirurgie dans les centres hospitaliers universitaires et pourraient réduire l'efficience de ce mode unique de transmission de l'HTC. Objectif : Évaluer l'impact sur l'acquisition de gestes chirurgicaux élémentaires (suture, ligature) d'un stage d'initiation à la gestuelle chirurgicale (SIGC) basé sur l'apprentissage et l'entraînement sur modèle inanimé hors bloc opératoire en complément du mode habituel d'apprentissage par immersion compagnonnage. Méthodes : Nous avons comparé lors d'un exercice standardisé de suture et ligature proposé 3 mois après le début du premier stage hospitalier, les performances (scores et durée) d'un groupe d'internes premier semestre exposé au SIGC, à celles d'un groupe d'internes premier semestre non exposés. Résultats : La moyenne du score de performance obtenu, était de 23,9 (15–28) pour le groupe exposé contre 17,1 (2–24) pour le groupe non exposé (p=0{,}036). Le test de connaissance du matériel était aussi en faveur du groupe exposé. Le temps moyen de suture ne montrait qu'une tendance en faveur du groupe exposé. Conclusion : Nos résultats suggèrent un impact positif et mesurable d'un stage de technique préliminaire en début d'internat de chirurgie sur la rapidité d'acquisition de gestes de base de chirurgie. Ce type d'enseignement basé sur la simulation pourrait être un complément essentiel au principe d'immersion/compagnonnage pour la transmission de l'HTC

Factors influencing sexual function in women with genital prolapse

Background. To evaluate the impact of the different types of genital prolapse and associated factors, on sexual quality of life in women presenting a genital prolapse. Design and methods. Forty-four women were included in this prospective observational study. We collected clinical data. Genital prolapse was quantified according to the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification scale (POP-Q). Sexual function was evaluated using a validated questionnaire (PISQ-12). Statistical analysis between POP-Q stages, clinical characteristics and PISQ-12 scores was undertaken. Results. A history of abdominal surgery significantly decreases the sexual quality of life (P=0.03). PISQ-12 scores were poorly affected by the type and the severity of genital prolapse. Conclusions. The only factor influencing sexual quality of life was a history of previous abdominal surgery. The type and severity of genital prolapse did not influence sexual function. These results must be confirmed further studies with a higher sample size