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    ΠœΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠΈ – ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ энСргоСмких суспСнзионных Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π³ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ…

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    Objectives. The addition of high-density carbon materials to jet fuels can lead to a significant increase in the volumetric energy of the fuel combustion. The purpose of the current study was to thermodynamically analyze the possibility of obtaining model hydrocarbon fuels from toluene and T-1 using stacked-cup multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Methods. Bomb combustion calorimetry was used to define the combustion energy of the MWCNTs in the crystalline state. The temperature dependence of the MWCNTs’ heat capacity in the range 5–370 K and the fusion parameters were estimated using low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry. The physical density of MWCNTs was measured using the pycnometric method. The sedimentation stability of the mixtures of MWCNTs with liquids was determined using centrifugation at 7000 g. The calculations were carried out in MS Excel. Results. The energy and enthalpy of combustion of a technical sample of MWCNTs in the crystalline state were determined. Based on the smoothed heat capacity values, the standard thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs reduced energy) of MWCNTs in the crystalline state were obtained in a temperature range of 0–2000 K. The extrapolation of the MWCNTs’ heat capacity was carried out at a temperature of up to 2000 K using the heat capacity of crystalline graphite. It has been established that mixtures of MWCNTs with liquids containing more than 33 mass % of MWCNTs are stable during centrifugal sedimentation at 7000 g. For the toluene–MWCNTs and fuel T-1–MWCNTs model systems, the specific and volumetric combustion energies, the adiabatic combustion temperatures, and the conditional final maximum speed of the model rockets with fuel of various compositions were also calculated. Conclusions. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the addition of MWCNTs can significantly increase the volumetric energy intensity of traditional jet fuels, which can in turn improve the operational characteristics of drones and rockets.Β Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π”ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ высокоплотных ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ привСсти ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π΅Π³ΠΎ объСмной энСргоСмкости. ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ тСрмодинамичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° возмоТности получСния ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΠΈΠ· Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π’-1 с многослойными ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ±ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ (МУНВ). ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. Бвойства МУНВ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ исслСдованы ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²: энСргия сгорания Π² кристалличСском состоянии ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, тСмпСратурная Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ тСплоСмкости Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 5–370 K – ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ адиабатичСской ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ, физичСская ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ – пикномСтричСским ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, сСдимСнтационная ΡƒΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΉΡ‡ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ смСсСй с Тидкостями – Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 7000 g. РасчСты ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ MS Excel. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. ΠžΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ энСргия ΠΈ ΡΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠΏΠΈΡ сгорания тСхничСского ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π° МУНВ Π² кристалличСском состоянии. На основании сглаТСнных Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ тСплоСмкости ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ стандартныС тСрмодинамичСскиС Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ (ΡΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠΏΠΈΡ, энтропия ΠΈ привСдСнная энСргия Гиббса) МУНВ Π² кристалличСском состоянии Π² ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π²Π°Π»Π΅ 0–2000 K. Экстраполяция тСплоСмкости МУНВ Π΄ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ 2000 K ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° с использованиСм тСплоСмкости кристалличСского Π³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ‚Π°. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ смСси МУНВ с Тидкостями, содСрТащими МУНВ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 33 масс. %, сСдимСнтационно устойчивы Π² Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ„ΡƒΠ³Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ 7000 g. Для ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡƒΠΎΠ»β€“ΠœΠ£ΠΠ’, Π³ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π΅ Π’-1β€“ΠœΠ£ΠΠ’ вычислСны массовыС ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ энСргии сгорания, адиабатичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ горСния, условная конСчная максимальная ΡΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ с Π³ΠΎΡ€ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… составов. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ВСрмодинамичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ МУНВ сущСствСнно ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ², Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΊ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ эксплуатационных характСристик Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ².

    Π­Π½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€Π΄ΠΎΠΌ состояниях

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    Objectives. The increased use of unmanned aerial vehicles necessitates the search for jet fuels based on hydrocarbon materials with high energy intensity and physical density. The purpose of the work was to analyze the influence of various factors on the mass energy intensity of hydrocarbons. This analysis is required to substantiate the algorithm for locating energy-intensive CnHm structures.Methods. Combustion energy was calculated using additive procedures. The calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel.Results. During the analysis of the mass energy intensity of CnHm hydrocarbons, the m/n ratio was discovered to be the decisive factor for achieving high values of the mass energy intensity of hydrocarbons. The energy intensity decreases when moving from alicyclic to cyclic hydrocarbons, and this decrease is not compensated by the production of strain energy. An additive scheme that allows the molar volume of hydrocarbons to be predicted with sufficient accuracy is proposed for calculating the volumetric enthalpies of combustion.Conclusions. According to the thermodynamic analysis, n-alkanes have the highest mass energy intensities. The technology for extracting n-alkanes from oil fractions is well developed, and a decrease in the hydrogen content in the fuel results in a decrease in the mass energy intensity. It appears improbable that the mass and volumetric energy intensities of hydrocarbons seem will reach their maximum values simultaneously. Hydrocarbons that have a high m/n value, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-membered rings, and phenyl fragments may have relatively high mass and volumetric energy intensities at the same time.Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ. Π Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ сфСр использования бСспилотных Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ поиска Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² с высокой ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΈ физичСской ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π° основС ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ². ЦСль Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° влияния Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡƒΡŽ ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ для обоснования Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΌΠ° поиска энСргоСмких структур CnHm.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹. ЭнСргия сгорания Ρ€Π°ΡΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ с использованиСм Π°Π΄Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€. РасчСты ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅ MS Excel.Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π’ Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° массовой энСргоСмкости ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² CnHm Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ установлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ для достиТСния высоких Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовой энСргоСмкости ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² являСтся ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ m/n. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΎΡ‚ алицикличСских ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ цикличСским ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ сниТаСтся, ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ сниТСниС Π½Π΅ компСнсируСтся Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ энСргиСй напряТСния. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° аддитивная схСма, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‰Π°Ρ с достаточной Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ молярный объСм ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² для расчСта ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠΏΠΈΠΉ сгорания.Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ВСрмодинамичСский Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ максимальной массовой ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Π½-Π°Π»ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ‹, тСхнология извлСчСния ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ· нСфтяных Ρ„Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π°, ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΆΠ΅ содСрТания Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ сниТСнию массовой энСргоСмкости. ΠžΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ достиТСниС ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ массовых ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… энСргоСмкостСй ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² прСдставляСтся маловСроятным. Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ высокой массовой ΠΈ объСмной ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡƒΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ с высоким Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ m/n, содСрТащиС 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-Ρ‚ΠΈ Ρ‡Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ†ΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ‹

    Properties of ZnO/ZnAl2_2O4_4 composite PEO coatings on zinc

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    Recently the successful formation of PEO coatings on zinc in a phosphate aluminate electrolyte was shown. The produced composite coatings contain various mixtures of ZnO and ZnAl2_2O4_4. In frame of the current study, the properties of the formed coatings including adhesion/cohesion, wear, corrosion and photocatalytic activity were analysed to identify possible applications. However, the coatings show internal porosity and a sponge-like structure. Thus the cohesion within the coating is quite low. Pull-off tests have demonstrated clear rupture within the PEO layer at strength values as low as 1 MPa. The photocatalytic activity is limited, in spite of the formation of a higher amount of ZnO at shorter treatment times. Interestingly, the composite coatings of ZnO and higher amounts of ZnAl2_2O4_4 spinel showed a higher activity, but not sufficient for fast and effective catalytic cleaning applications

    The Influence of PSA Pre-Anodization of AA2024 on PEO Coating Formation: Composition, Microstructure, Corrosion, and Wear Behaviors

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    In the frame of the current work, it was shown that plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment can be applied on top of phosphoric sulfuric acid (PSA) anodized aluminum alloy AA2024. Being hard and well-adherent to the substrate, PEO layers improve both corrosion and wear resistance of the material. To facilitate PEO formation and achieve a dense layer, the systematic analysis of PEO layer formation on the preliminary PSA anodized layer was performed in this work. The microstructure, morphology, and composition of formed PEO coatings were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). It was shown that under constant current treatment conditions, the PSA layer survived under the applied voltage of 350 V, whilst 400 V was an intermediate stage; and under 450 V, the PSA layer was fully converted after 5 min of the treatment. The comparison test with PEO formation on the bare material was performed. It was confirmed that during the "sparking" mode (400 V) of PEO formation, the PEO coatings, formed on PSA treated AA2024, were more wear resistant than the same PEO coatings on bare AA2024

    Stacked-cup multiwall carbon nanotubes as components of energy-intensive suspension jet fuels

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    Objectives. The addition of high-density carbon materials to jet fuels can lead to a significant increase in the volumetric energy of the fuel combustion. The purpose of the current study was to thermodynamically analyze the possibility of obtaining model hydrocarbon fuels from toluene and T-1 using stacked-cup multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Methods. Bomb combustion calorimetry was used to define the combustion energy of the MWCNTs in the crystalline state. The temperature dependence of the MWCNTs’ heat capacity in the range 5–370 K and the fusion parameters were estimated using low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry. The physical density of MWCNTs was measured using the pycnometric method. The sedimentation stability of the mixtures of MWCNTs with liquids was determined using centrifugation at 7000 g. The calculations were carried out in MS Excel. Results. The energy and enthalpy of combustion of a technical sample of MWCNTs in the crystalline state were determined. Based on the smoothed heat capacity values, the standard thermodynamic functions (enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs reduced energy) of MWCNTs in the crystalline state were obtained in a temperature range of 0–2000 K. The extrapolation of the MWCNTs’ heat capacity was carried out at a temperature of up to 2000 K using the heat capacity of crystalline graphite. It has been established that mixtures of MWCNTs with liquids containing more than 33 mass % of MWCNTs are stable during centrifugal sedimentation at 7000 g. For the toluene–MWCNTs and fuel T-1–MWCNTs model systems, the specific and volumetric combustion energies, the adiabatic combustion temperatures, and the conditional final maximum speed of the model rockets with fuel of various compositions were also calculated. Conclusions. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the addition of MWCNTs can significantly increase the volumetric energy intensity of traditional jet fuels, which can in turn improve the operational characteristics of drones and rockets

    Heat-resisting foam concrete: forming conditions

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    Porous glass-ceramic material from akali activation and sintering of clay with waste granite rabble mixtures

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    Plasma electrolytic oxidation of PSA pre-anodized AA2024 alloy

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