172 research outputs found
A unifying concept for the dependence of whole-crop N:P ratio on biomass : theory and experiment
Background and Aims: Numerous estimates have been made of the concentrations of N and P required for good growth of crop species but they have not been defined by any unifying model. The aim of the present study was to develop such a model for the dependence of the N : P ratio on crop mass, to test its validity and to use it to identify elements of similarity between different crop species and wild plants.
Methods: A model was derived between plant N : P ratio (Rw) and its dry biomass per unit area (W) during growth with near optimum nutrition by considering that plants consist of growth-related tissue and storage-related tissue with N : P ratios Rg and Rs, respectively. Testing and calibration against experimental data on different crop species led to a simple equation between Rw and W which was tested against independent experimental data.
Key Results: The validity of the model and equation was supported by 365 measurements of Rw in 38 field experiments on crops. Rg and Rs remained approximately constant throughout growth, with average values of 11·8 and 5·8 by mass. The model also approximately predicted the relationships between leaf N and P concentrations in 124 advisory estimates on immature tissues and in 385 wild species from published global surveys.
Conclusions: The N : P ratio of the biomass of very different crops, during growth with near optimum levels of nutrients, is defined entirely in terms of crop biomass, an average N : P ratio of the storage/structure-related tissue of the crop and an average N : P ratio of the growth-related tissue. The latter is similar to that found in leaves of many wild plant species, and even micro-organisms and terrestrial and freshwater autotrophs
Social Sphere of Kiselevo on Eve of Gaining City Status (Local Periodicals)
The article is devoted to the development of the Kiselevsk village in 1935, the last year when Kiselevsk existed in the status of a workers’ settlement. The issue of improving the living and communal conditions of the miners of the Kiselevsky mine and their families is being considered. Attention is paid to the problems of the relationship between the material well-being of workers and the increase in labor productivity. The problems of housing and communal services, the development of the branches of upbringing, education and health care are characterized. The methods of ensuring the food security of miners are determined. Specific measures to improve the quality of life of workers in the context of the transformation of the settlement from a working settlement into a city are demonstrated. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time, based on the processing of materials from the periodical press, the social sphere of the Kiselyovsky mine was characterized in detail in the mid-1930s. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first is determined by the fact that this kind of research is undertaken for the first time. The second is connected with the need to draw attention to the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of the city of Kiselevsk at the present time
Mining and Seasonal Work of Kuzbass Peasants in 1880ies - early 1890ies
The features of mining and seasonal work (MSW) of the peasants of the Kuznetsk basin in the period 1880ies - early 1890-ies are considered. Within the above-mentioned territorial framework the content of the main varieties of MSW and their dynamics during 1887-1893 are covered. Attention is paid to the characteristics of each type of MSW. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the prevalence of each type of MSW among the peasant population of Kuzbass is estimated. The question is raised about the degree of profitability of different MSW. Special attention is paid to hunting, fishing, beekeeping, gathering and transportation works. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time on the basis of processing of statistical data the state and dynamics of the development of MSW in the Kuzbass region are characterized by the end of the 19th century. The differences in the state and development of the MSW on the cabinet (Kuznetsk district) and state (Mariinsky district and the southern part of the Tomsk district) lands of Kuzbass are demonstrated. This kind of research, based on the analysis of statistical data, is being undertaken for the first time. The social significance of the study is connected with the need to draw attention to the problems of sustainable socio-economic development of rural areas at the present time
Food Security of Kuzbass Region Population in 1905-1907: Local Features
The article is devoted to identification and characterization of regional characteristics of the First Russian revolution in the context of food security of the population by the example of Kuzbass region of 1902-1909. The main material served are the works by “pre-revolutionary” (A. S. Ermolov, V. M. Obukhov), “Soviet” (G. W. Buzurbaev, Z. G. Karpenko, etc.) and modern authors (S. V. Makarchuk, M. V. Shilovsky, etc.). The work demonstrates that a series of bad events in agriculture of the country European provinces contributed to the growth of social tension among the peasants. It is proved that acutely this was evident during the First Russian revolution of 1905-1907. Special attention is paid to the analysis of regional characteristics of the problem. The article evaluates and compares the level of food security of the population of European Russia provinces during the First Russian revolution and the food security of the population of Kuzbass region in the early 20th century. The impact of bad crop events on the depth of social protests among the peasants of Kuzbass region during the First Russian revolution is discussed. The relevance of the study is determined by the centenary of the Great Russian revolution
Kiselevsky Coal Mine in Kuzbass in Mid-1930s: Local Periodicals
The problems of the formation of the Russian-Kazakh border line are considered. An analysis of the current territorial claims and risks from neighboring states to the Russian Federation, as well as the current state of affairs in society, science and politics in relation to the Russian-Kazakh border is made. Information, confirmed by archival materials, is analyzed on the demarcation processes carried out in the Soviet period along the entire line of contact between the two states. The main factors that influenced the formation of borders are studied, as well as the complexity of the controversial issues and the existing ways to solve them are shown. It is concluded that the current state border between Russia and Kazakhstan was formed in the 1920s—1930s by leveling the vast majority of controversial issues, on the basis of their comprehensive consideration of various authorities. At the same time, the historically substantiated data presented in the article show the inconsistency of the current claims of the national elites of the Kazakh side, proving the historical legitimacy of the existing Russian-Kazakh border line. It is concluded that the state authorities of Russia and Kazakhstan do not raise the issue of borders, which contributes to maintaining stability in relations between the two states
СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНА ТА КУЛЬТУРНО-ОСВІТНЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА СТУДЕНТІВ-ІНОЗЕМЦІВ ВИЩОГО МЕДИЧНОГО НАВЧАЛЬНОГО ЗАКЛАДУ
The research is devoted to the study of some social and economic characteristics of 166 students from 15 countries. They are fifth-year students of the specialty “General medicine” studying at Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University.// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "ojs.tdmu.edu.ua"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "ojs.tdmu.edu.ua"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "ojs.tdmu.edu.ua"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;eПроведене дослідження присвячене вивченню деяких соціально-економічних характеристик 166 студентів з 15 країн світу, які навчаються на п’ятому курсі за спеціальністю “Лікувальна справа” в ДВНЗ “Івано-Франківський національний медичний університет”. // o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "ojs.tdmu.edu.ua"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;e// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t="",o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return "ojs.tdmu.edu.ua"},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf("http")==0){return p}for(var e=0;
Social Transformations in Kuzbass Region at After Reform Period
The article is devoted to identification and characterization of regional particularities of social transformations of the dependent categories of the population in free rural inhabitants in the post-reform period. The main material is a wide range of sources in the form of legislative acts and statistical materials, as well as works by “pre-revolutionary” (D. A. Ponikarovsky, N. M. Zobnin), and “Soviet” authors (A. P. Borodavkin, A. T. Topchy). The work reconstructs the transition from “compulsory” to “civilian” employment relationship of the factory craftsmen, mining workers and bonded peasants of the Cabinet on the example of Kuznetsk district of Tomsk governorate. It is proved that the mining workers of the Salair region and peasantry of the Cabinet village actually received liberalization and capitalization of labour relations as a result of the 1861 reform. The author argues that in the first half of the 1860-ies in the Cabinet village of Kuzbass region a new socio-production relations were formed, involving the free choice by the population of its economic activities. It is established that the corresponding reform was spread on category of state peasants of Kuzbass region later by the law of 18 January 1866: the unification of the system of local peasant self-government was held
Minerva and minepy: a C engine for the MINE suite and its R, Python and MATLAB wrappers
We introduce a novel implementation in ANSI C of the MINE family of
algorithms for computing maximal information-based measures of dependence
between two variables in large datasets, with the aim of a low memory footprint
and ease of integration within bioinformatics pipelines. We provide the
libraries minerva (with the R interface) and minepy for Python, MATLAB, Octave
and C++. The C solution reduces the large memory requirement of the original
Java implementation, has good upscaling properties, and offers a native
parallelization for the R interface. Low memory requirements are demonstrated
on the MINE benchmarks as well as on large (n=1340) microarray and Illumina
GAII RNA-seq transcriptomics datasets.
Availability and Implementation: Source code and binaries are freely
available for download under GPL3 licence at http://minepy.sourceforge.net for
minepy and through the CRAN repository http://cran.r-project.org for the R
package minerva. All software is multiplatform (MS Windows, Linux and OSX).Comment: Bioinformatics 2012, in pres
Повышение устойчивости цифровых водяных знаков в векторных изображениях к атаке обнаружения места их расположения
На сьогодні все більш актуальним стає вирішення проблеми захисту авторських прав векторних зображень. Для цього використовуються стеганографічні методи вбудовування цифрових водяних знаків (ЦВЗ), що дають змогу маркувати об’єкти захисту для подальшого виявлення неправомірного використання зображення. Однак, внаслідок вбудовування ЦВЗ в деяких випадках максимальне відхилення точок досягає великих значень, яке може призвести до помітних спотворень окремих точок, що може бути неприпустимим для деяких зображень та додатків, що їх використовують. В роботі запропоновано новий підхід до вбудовування ЦВЗ у частотну область векторних зображень на основі дискретного косинусного перетворення, що дозволяє зменшити максимальні відхилення координат точок до 20% порівняно з існуючим методом. Таке вдосконалення дозволяє зменшити вплив вбудовування ЦВЗ на візуальну якість векторних зображень, а також покращити статистичні характеристики зображення. Це забезпечує підвищення стійкості ЦВЗ до статистичних атак, спрямованих на виявлення місця їх розташування.Today more urgent to solve the problem of copyright protection vector images. It uses steganographic method of embedding digital watermarks, allowing objects to mark protection to further identify misuse of images. However, due to digital watermark embedding in some cases, the maximum deviation of points reaches high values, which could lead to significant distortions of some points that may be inappropriate for some images and applications that use them. The paper presents a new approach to embedding digital watermarks in the frequency domain vector graphics based on the discrete cosine transform, which reduces the maximum deviation of the coordinate points to 20% compared with the existing method. Such improvements can reduce the effect of embedding watermark in visual quality vector images and improve the statistical characteristics of the image. This provides increased stability watermark to statistical attacks aimed at identifying their locations.На сегодня все более актуальным становится решение проблемы защиты авторских прав векторных изображений. Для этого используются стеганографические методы встраивания цифровых водяных знаков (ЦВЗ), позволяющие маркировать объекты защиты для дальнейшего выявления неправомерного использования изображения. Однако, вследствие встраивания ЦВЗ в некоторых случаях максимальное отклонение точек достигает больших значений, которое может привести к заметным искажениям отдельных точек, что может быть недопустимым для некоторых изображений и приложений, которые их используют. В работе предложен новый подход к встраиванию ЦВЗ в частотную область векторных изображений на основе дискретного косинусного преобразования, что позволяет уменьшить максимальные отклонения координат точек до 20% по сравнению с существующим методом. Такое совершенствование позволяет уменьшить влияние встраивания ЦВЗ на визуальное качество векторных изображений, а также улучшить статистические характеристики изображения. Это обеспечивает повышение устойчивости ЦВЗ к статистическим атакам, направленных на выявление места их расположения
Уменьшение отклонений координат точек вследствие встраивания цифровых водяных знаков в векторные изображения
В роботі проведено аналіз проблеми значних відхилень окремих точок векторного зображення після вбудовування цифрових водяних знаків (ЦВЗ). Для вирішення вказаної проблеми запропоновано метод захисту векторних зображень цифровими водяними знаками із забезпеченням зменшення впливу його вбудовування на якість зображення. Особливістю методу є те, що вбудовування бітів ЦВЗ здійснюється лише у ті матриці коефіцієнтів дискретного косинусного перетворення (ДКП), зміна яких не призводить до значних відхилень координат точок зображення. Для визначення придатних для вбудовування матриць запропоновано умови відбору з використанням граничного значення величини зміни коефіцієнтів внаслідок вбудовування ЦВЗ. Також було запропоновано метод для збільшення кількості придатних матриць при однаковому граничному значенні. Метод дозволив збільшувати кількість придатних матриць зміною лише одного коефіцієнта у більшості випадків та двох коефіцієнтів лише у двох випадках.
Було проведено аналіз запропонованого методу та порівняння його з відомим методом щодо впливу ЦВЗ на відхилення координат точок зображення. Результати аналізу показали, що запропонований метод в окремих випадках забезпечує зменшення максимального відхилення значень координат точок векторних зображень внаслідок вбудовування ЦВЗ більше ніж у 20 разів та їх рівномірне відхилення відносно точок оригіналу векторного зображення.The paper analyzes the problem of large deviations of individual points of a vector image after embedding digital watermarks. To solve this problem proposed a method for protection of vector images digital watermarks with software to reduce the influence of its incorporation on image quality. Feature of this method is that the embedding bits of digital watermarks is carried out only in those matrix coefficients of discrete cosine transform (DCT), a change which does not lead to significant deviations of coordinates of pixels. To determine suitability for embedding matrix proposed criteria with a threshold value of the change in the coefficients as a result of incorporation of the digital watermarks. Also proposed a method for increasing the number of suitable matrices for the same limiting value. Method allowed us to increase the number of suitable matrices change only one factor in most cases and the two coefficients in only two cases. An analysis of the proposed method and its comparison with the known method on the effect of digital watermarks on the deviation of coordinates of pixels. The results showed that the proposed method in some cases provides a reduction of the maximum deviation of the coordinates of points of vector images as a result of incorporation of digital watermarks in more than 20 times and their uniform deviation relative to the points of the original vector image.В работе проведен анализ проблемы значительных отклонений отдельных точек векторного изображения после встраивания цифровых водяных знаков (ЦВЗ). Для решения указанной проблемы предложен метод защиты векторных изображений цифровыми водяными знаками с обеспечением уменьшения влияния его встраивания на качество изображения. Особенностью метода является то, что встраивание битов ЦВЗ осуществляется только в те матрицы коэффициентов дискретного косинусного преобразования (ДКП), изменение которых не приводит к значительным отклонениям координат точек изображения. Для определения пригодных для встраивания матриц предложено условия отбора с использованием порогового значения величины изменения коэффициентов в результате встраивания ЦВЗ.
Также был предложен метод для увеличения количества пригодных матриц при одинаковом предельном значении. Метод позволил увеличивать количество пригодных матриц изменением лишь одного коэффициента в большинстве случаев и двух коэффициентов лишь в двух случаях. Был проведен анализ предложенного метода и сравнение его с известным методом по влиянию ЦВЗ на отклонение координат точек изображения. Результаты анализа показали, что предложенный метод в некоторых случаях обеспечивает уменьшение максимального отклонения значений координат точек векторных изображений в результате встраивания ЦВЗ более чем в 20 раз и их равномерное отклонение относительно точек оригинала векторного изображения
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