Polymer-Metal Hybrid Structures Based on Polydiphenylamine and Co Nanoparticles

AbstractPolymer-metal hybrid structures based on polydiphenylamine (PDPhA) with Co nanoparticles homogeneously distributed in polymer matrix have been prepared for the first time. In situ synthesis of Co/PDPhA hybrid structure is carried out during condensation of diphenylamine crystalline oligomers in the presence of Co acetate (Co(CH3COO)2 4H2O) under the conditions of IR-irradiation. As a result, polymer chain growth occurs and hydrogen molecules are eliminated. Reduction of Co2+ up to Coo takes place under IR-irradiation with participation of hydrogen. The structure, content and morphology of obtained hybrid materials were characterized by Fourier-transform IR-spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction patterns, atomic-absorptive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Co nanoparticles appeared to exist in -Co and -Co modifications. Their relationship depends on IR-light intensity and time treatment. Co nanoparticles dimensions fall inside the limits of 2 < d < 8nm as it is indicated from TEM microphotographs. Magnetic properties of Co/PDPhA were investigated and superparamagnetic behavior was proved. Thermal properties of nanocomposites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and excellent thermal stability was shown

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ЛИЧНОСТНОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ ПЕДАГОГА В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

This article is devoted to the issue of professional and personal development of teachers in the context of continuing education, taking into account the needs of the developing society in teaching staff ready to build a successful career, which is characterized by mobility, dynamism, constructiveness, cooperation, and creativity. The research objective: to determine the impact of professional and personal development of teachers related to the success of their professional activity and level of personal maturity as a teacher. The research tasks: To determine subjective and objective factors of developing the personal maturity of teachers, to describe pedagogical conditions for developing the personal maturity of teachers in the process of continuing education, and to determine and characterize development levels of the personal maturity of teachers as a condition of professional and personal development. The research methods: 1) Theoretical ones: The analysis of research results on the issue, comparison and generalization; 2) Empirical ones: The test of D.A. Leontyev, the methodology of E.E. Rukavishnikova, the methodology of M.N. Mironova, and the “Questionnaire of Mastering Methods”; and 3) The correlation coefficient of Spearman. The authors determine that it is reasonable to consider the personal maturity of teachers not only as a condition of but also as a criterion for professional growth. Subjective and objective factors in the development of the personal maturity of teachers include competitive environment, hierarchy of human needs, age, individual craving for recognition, status, respect, and self-actualization as well as the norms and values of the social and cultural environment. Further, the authors determine three levels of teachers’ personal maturity (low, sufficient, and optimal) and present generalized characteristics of teachers demonstrating the different levels in the context of actual and potential professional and personal growth. Materials provided in the article can be useful in designing models and programs for additional professional education, in developing individual programs for teacher development, and in certifying teaching staff.Este artículo está dedicado al tema del desarrollo profesional y personal de los docentes en el contexto de la educación continua, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de la sociedad en desarrollo en el personal docente listo para construir una carrera exitosa, que se caracteriza por la movilidad, el dinamismo, la constructividad, cooperación y creatividad. El objetivo de la investigación: determinar el impacto del desarrollo profesional y personal de los docentes en relación con el éxito de su actividad profesional y el nivel de madurez personal como docentes. Las tareas de investigación: Determinar los factores subjetivos y objetivos del desarrollo de la madurez personal de los docentes, describir las condiciones pedagógicas para desarrollar la madurez personal de los docentes en el proceso de educación continua y determinar y caracterizar los niveles de desarrollo de la madurez personal de los docentes como Una condición de desarrollo profesional y personal. Los métodos de investigación: 1) Los teóricos: el análisis de los resultados de la investigación sobre el tema, la comparación y la generalización; 2) Empíricas: la prueba de D.A. Leontyev, la metodología de E.E. Rukavishnikova, la metodología de M.N. Mironova y el "Cuestionario de métodos de masterización"; y 3) El coeficiente de correlación de Spearman. Los autores determinan que es razonable considerar la madurez personal de los docentes no solo como una condición sino también como un criterio para el crecimiento profesional. Los factores subjetivos y objetivos en el desarrollo de la madurez personal de los docentes incluyen el entorno competitivo, la jerarquía de las necesidades humanas, la edad, el deseo individual de reconocimiento, estatus, respeto y autorrealización, así como las normas y valores del entorno social y cultural. . Además, los autores determinan tres niveles de madurez personal de los docentes (bajo, suficiente y óptimo) y presentan características generalizadas de los docentes que demuestran los diferentes niveles en el contexto del crecimiento profesional y personal real y potencial. Los materiales provistos en el artículo pueden ser útiles para diseñar modelos y programas para educación profesional adicional, para desarrollar programas individuales para el desarrollo docente y para certificar al personal docente.Статья посвящена проблеме профессионально-личностного развития педагога в условиях непрерывного образования, актуализированной с учетом потребностей развивающегося общества в педагогических кадрах, готовых выстраивать успешную карьеру, способных к сотрудничеству, отличающихся мобильностью, динамичностью, конструктивностью, креативностью. Цель исследования: выявление зависимости профессионально-личностного развития педагога и успешности его профессиональной деятельности от уровня личностной зрелости педагога. Задачи исследования: выявить субъективные и объективные факторы развития личностной зрелости педагога; описать педагогические условия развития личностной зрелости педагога в процессе непрерывного образования; выделить и охарактеризовать уровни развития личностной зрелости педагогов как условия профессионально-личностного развития. Методы исследования: 1) теоретические: анализ результатов исследований по проблеме, сравнение и обобщение; 2) эмпирические: тест Д.А. Леонтьева, методика Е.Е. Рукавишниковой, методика М.Н. Мироновой; "Опросник способов совладания"; 3) коэффициент корреляции Спирмена. Выявлено, что личностную зрелость педагога целесообразно рассматривать не только как условие, но и как критерий профессионального роста; главным феноменом личностной зрелости выступает рефлексия; черты личности, важные для самоидентичности человека, обусловливаются готовностью личности к саморазвитию, самореализации и самопроявлению; субъективные и объективные факторы развития личностной зрелости педагога: конкурентная среда, иерархия потребностей человека, возраст, тяга индивида к признанию, статусу, уважению и самоактуализации, нормы и ценности социально-культурной среды. Авторами выделено три уровня личностной зрелости педагога (низкий, допустимый и оптимальный); представлена обобщенная характеристика учителей, демонстрирующих различные ее уровни в контексте актуального и потенциального профессионально-личностного роста. Материалы, представленные в статье, могут быть полезны при проектировании моделей и программ дополнительного профессионального образования, разработке индивидуальных программ развития педагогов, при проведении аттестации педагогических кадров

Formation Features of Hybrid Magnetic Materials Based on Polyphenoxazine and Magnetite Nanoparticles

Hybrid metal-polymer nanocomposite materials based on polyphenoxazine (PPhOA) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were obtained for the first time via two methods: in situ oxidative polymerization of phenoxazine (PhOA) in an aqueous solution of isopropyl alcohol with nanoparticles of Fe3O4 being present; chemical transformations of PPhOA subjected to IR heating at 400–450 °C in the presence of FeCl3·6H2O in an inert atmosphere. Obtained hybrid Fe3O4/PPhOA nanomaterials were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as well as by vibrating sample magnetometry. The chemical structure, phase composition, magnetic and thermal properties of obtained nanocomposites were investigated in relation to the synthesis conditions

Simulation Studies on Line Intersect Sampling of Residues Left After Cut-to-Length Logging

Upon carrying out logging, residues remain in the cutting area. Logging residues are an additional source of wood raw material for the production of fuel chips to be used in bioenergetics. In order to plan the logging residues collection and processing technology, it is necessary to gather information on the amount of this type of waste and its distribution within the cutting area. The article deals with the line intersect (LIS) method. The aim of this article was to assess the accuracy of the LIS method for quantifying logging residues after cut-to-length logging (CTL), uniformly distributed within the technology traffic lanes (strips) of width b on the cutting area of arbitrary shape S. The studies were conducted using computer simulations. In the models, logging residues are represented as clusters in the form of circles. The laws of distribution of the radius of the clusters and their position in the plot were determined by field measurements. In the simulations, clusters uniformly distributed along the X-axis and stripes on the Y-axis were considered. The samples of lines were the set of lines of different length and mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y. In the simulations, four types of stripes were considered with a different angle to the Y-axis. Type 1 – angle = 0°, type 2 – angle = 15°, type 3 angle = 30°, type 4 – angle = 45°. It was determined through simulation that the estimated mean radius of the clusters is greater by 24% than the true mean radius. The LIS method formula is appropriate for estimating the amount of forest residues after CTL logging provided the true mean radius is taken. According to the results of simulation experiments, it was found that the results are in good agreement with the theoretical formulas if the location of the sample lines is mutually perpendicular and parallel to the coordinate axes X, Y of the area. Differences remain within the limits of 20% error

Cuprophilia: dye-sensitized solar cells with copper(I) dyes and copper(I)/(II) redox shuttles

With a goal of designing dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) containing only Earthabundant components to achieve sustainable energy conversion, DSCs with heteroleptic copper(I)-based dyes and homoleptic copper(I)/(II) redox shuttles have been investigated. By using a phosphonic acid anchor, and 4,4'-dimethoxy-6,6'- dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine as the ancillary ligand in the dye and in the electrolyte, a DSC photoconversion efficiency of 2.06% (38.1% relative to N719 set at 100%) was achieved. The results demonstrate the potential for all-copper-based DSCs, opening the way for further dye and electrolyte optimization

There is a future for N-heterocyclic carbene iron(II) dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells: improving performance through changes in the electrolyte

By systematic tuning of the components of the electrolyte, the performances of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) with an N -heterocyclic carbene iron(II) dye have been significantly improved. The beneficial e ects of an increased Li+ ion concentration in the electrolyte lead to photoconversion e ciencies (PCEs) up to 0.66% for fully masked cells (representing 11.8% relative to 100% set for N719) and an external quantum e ciency maximum (EQEmax ) up to approximately 25% due to an increased short-circuit current density (JSC ). A study of the effects of varying the length of the alkyl chain in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquids (ILs) shows that a longer chain results in an increase in JSC with an overall e ciency up to 0.61% (10.9% relative to N719 set at 100%) on going from n -methyl to n -butyl chain, although an n -hexyl chain leads to no further gain in PCE. The results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) support the trends in JSC and open-circuit voltage (VOC ) parameters. A change in the counterion from I- to [BF4 ]- for 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide ionic liquid leads to DSCs with a remarkably high JSC value for an N -heterocyclic carbene iron(II) dye of 4.90 mA cm-2 , but a low VOC of 244 mV. Our investigations have shown that an increased concentration of Li+ in combination with an optimized alkyl chain length in the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium iodide IL in the electrolyte leads to iron(II)-sensitized DSC performances comparable with those of containing some copper(I)-based dye

New poly aniline-based potentiometric biosensor for pesticides detection

A cholinesterase potentiometric sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with processible polyaniline has been developed and explored for the detection of organophosphorus and carbamic pesticides. Acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase from various sources were immobilized on the surface of a polyaniline modified electrode by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Polyaniline modification made it possible to obtain a reversible pH response of about 86-mV/pH unit and to improve the analytical and operational characteristics of substrate and inhibitor detection. The sensitivity of pesticide detection depends on both the source of the enzyme and its activity and on pesticide hydrophobicity. The detection limits of the pesticides investigated (Trichlorfon, 1.5 · 10-7 mol/l, Coumaphos, 5 · 10-9 mol/l, Methio-carb, 8 · 10-7 mol/l, Aldicarb, 2 · 10-7 mol/l) were found lower than those obtained with other similar cholinesterase sensors. The possibility for the detection of the trace amounts of pesticides in river waters and grape juice with cholinesterase sensors developed has been established on model samples