4,622 research outputs found
Fast Computation of Voigt Functions via Fourier Transforms
This work presents a method of computing Voigt functions and their
derivatives, to high accuracy, on a uniform grid. It is based on an adaptation
of Fourier-transform based convolution. The relative error of the result
decreases as the fourth power of the computational effort. Because of its use
of highly vectorizable operations for its core, it can be implemented very
efficiently in scripting language environments which provide fast vector
libraries. The availability of the derivatives makes it suitable as a function
generator for non-linear fitting procedures.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur
Enhanced Operational Semantics in Systems Biology
We are faced with a great challenge: the cross-fertilization between the fields of formal methods for concurrency, in the computer science domain, and systems biology in the biological realm
Hydrodynamic models of a cepheid atmosphere
A method for including the solution of the transfer equation in a standard Henyey type hydrodynamic code was developed. This modified Henyey method was used in an implicit hydrodynamic code to compute deep envelope models of a classical Cepheid with a period of 12(d) including radiative transfer effects in the optically thin zones. It was found that the velocity gradients in the atmosphere are not responsible for the large microturbulent velocities observed in Cepheids but may be responsible for the occurrence of supersonic microturbulence. It was found that the splitting of the cores of the strong lines is due to shock induced temperature inversions in the line forming region. The adopted light, color, and velocity curves were used to study three methods frequently used to determine the mean radii of Cepheids. It is concluded that an accuracy of 10% is possible only if high quality observations are used
Nondeterministic Instance Complexity and Proof Systems with Advice
Motivated by strong Karp-Lipton collapse results in bounded arithmetic, Cook and KrajĂÄŤek [1] have recently introduced the notion of propositional proof systems with advice. In this paper we investigate the following question: Given a language L , do there exist polynomially bounded proof systems with advice for L ? Depending on the complexity of the underlying language L and the amount and type of the advice used by the proof system, we obtain different characterizations for this problem. In particular, we show that the above question is tightly linked with the question whether L has small nondeterministic instance complexity
Recombinant luminescent bacteria for measuring bioavailable arsenite and antimonite
Luminescent bacterial strains for the measurement of bioavailable arsenite and antimony were constructed, The expression of firefly luciferase was controlled by the regulatory unit of the ars operon of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 in recombinant plasmid pT0021, with S. aureus RN4220, Bacillus subtilis BR151, and Escherichia coli MC1061 as host strains, Strain RN4220(pT0021) was found to be the most sensitive for metal detection responding to arsenite, antimonite, and cadmium, the lowest detectable concentrations being 100, 33, and 330 nhl, respectively, Strains BR151(pT0021) and MC1061(pT0021) responded to arsenite, arsenate, antimonite, and cadmium, the lowest detectable concentrations being 3.3 and 330 mu M and 330 and 330 nM with BR151(pT0021), respectively, and 3.3, 33, 3.3, and 33 CIM with MC1061(pT0021), respectively, In the absence of the mentioned ions, the expression of luciferase was repressed and only a small amount of background light was emitted, Other ions did not notably interfere with the measurement in any of the strains tested, Freeze-drying of the cells did not decrease the sensitivity of the detection of arsenite; however, the induction coefficients were somewhat lower
Percolation of satisfiability in finite dimensions
The satisfiability and optimization of finite-dimensional Boolean formulas
are studied using percolation theory, rare region arguments, and boundary
effects. In contrast with mean-field results, there is no satisfiability
transition, though there is a logical connectivity transition. In part of the
disconnected phase, rare regions lead to a divergent running time for
optimization algorithms. The thermodynamic ground state for the NP-hard
two-dimensional maximum-satisfiability problem is typically unique. These
results have implications for the computational study of disordered materials.Comment: 4 pages, 4 fig
An Ontology-Based Framework for Clinical Research Databases
The Ontology-Based eXtensible data model (OBX) was developed to serve as a framework for the development of a clinical research database in the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort) system. OBX was designed around the logical structure provided by the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI). By using the logical structure provided by these two well-formulated ontologies, we have found that a relatively simple, extensible data model could be developed to represent the relatively complex domain of clinical research. In addition, the common framework provided by the BFO should make it straightforward to utilize OBX database data dictionaries based on reference and application ontologies from the OBO Foundry
Anisotropic Satellite Galaxy Quenching: A Unique Signature of Energetic Feedback by Supermassive Black Holes?
The quenched fraction of satellite galaxies is aligned with the orientation
of the halo's central galaxy, such that on average, satellites form stars at a
lower rate along the major axis of the central. This effect, called anisotropic
satellite galaxy quenching (ASGQ), has been found in observational data and
cosmological simulations. Analyzing the IllustrisTNG simulation,
Mart\'in-Navarro et al. (2021) recently argued that ASGQ is caused by
anisotropic energetic feedback and constitutes "compelling observational
evidence for the role of black holes in regulating galaxy evolution." In this
letter, we study the causes of ASGQ in state-of-the-art galaxy formation
simulations to evaluate this claim. We show that cosmological simulations
predict that on average, satellite galaxies along the major axis of the dark
matter halo tend to have been accreted at earlier cosmic times and are hosted
by subhalos of larger peak halo masses. As a result, a modulation of the
quenched fraction with respect to the major axis of the central galaxy is a
natural prediction of hierarchical structure formation. We show that ASGQ is
predicted by the UniverseMachine galaxy formation model, a model without
anisotropic feedback. Furthermore, we demonstrate that even in the IllustrisTNG
simulation, anisotropic satellite accretion properties are the main cause of
ASGQ. Ultimately, we argue that ASGQ is not a reliable indicator of
supermassive black hole feedback in galaxy formation simulations and, thus,
should not be interpreted as such in observational data.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; Submitted to ApJL; Comments welcome
The Combinatorial World (of Auctions) According to GARP
Revealed preference techniques are used to test whether a data set is
compatible with rational behaviour. They are also incorporated as constraints
in mechanism design to encourage truthful behaviour in applications such as
combinatorial auctions. In the auction setting, we present an efficient
combinatorial algorithm to find a virtual valuation function with the optimal
(additive) rationality guarantee. Moreover, we show that there exists such a
valuation function that both is individually rational and is minimum (that is,
it is component-wise dominated by any other individually rational, virtual
valuation function that approximately fits the data). Similarly, given upper
bound constraints on the valuation function, we show how to fit the maximum
virtual valuation function with the optimal additive rationality guarantee. In
practice, revealed preference bidding constraints are very demanding. We
explain how approximate rationality can be used to create relaxed revealed
preference constraints in an auction. We then show how combinatorial methods
can be used to implement these relaxed constraints. Worst/best-case welfare
guarantees that result from the use of such mechanisms can be quantified via
the minimum/maximum virtual valuation function
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