Испитување на ефикасноста на некои фунгициди за дезинфекција на семето ориз

Заради заштита на оризот од паразитни габи што се пренесуваат преку семето, како и заради заштита на младите растенија од растителни болести што се јавуваат уште од најраните фази на оризот, дезинфекцијата на месето од оваа одгледувана култура треба да претставува редовна мерка

First Appearance of White Mould on Sunflower Caused by Sclerotinia Minor in the Republic of Macedonia

Sclerottnia spp. a very destructive fungus causing "white mould" became one of the biggest problems in sunflower breeding in the Republic of Macedo­nia in 2010. Field monitoring in the region of Bitola show very high infection of around 20-30%. Two types of symptoms where observed during the field mon­itoring. First symptoms were observed on the leaves of the Infected plants in the form of wilting, prior to flowering stage. The most characteristic symptoms were observed. at the lower part of the stem in the form of a stem cancer. Big variable sclerotia in size and shape were observed inside the stem. The appear­ence of white mycelium on the infected lower parts of the plant was often observed during the wet weather. Other infected plants showed different symp­toms. The stem was longer and thinner than in uninfected plants and the pit was very small around 9 cm. Sclerotia observed inside the stem were not big­ ger than 2.5 mm. In vitro investigations confirmed the presence of ascomycetes Sclerotinia sclerattorum (Lib.) de Bary and Sclerotinia minor Jagger, for the first time In the Republic of Macedonia. In vitra Investigation of antifungal abillty of Pseudomonas mediterranea Cattara et al., 2002 against S. sclerottorum and S.minor showed that it can be a possible antifungal agent against these ascomycetes

Presence of Plum Pox virus in the Republic of Macedonia

Viral diseases of fruit cultivars affect the quality of fruits and cause great damage in the field of pomiculture. One of the more significant diseases of fruit cultivars, especially plums and peaches is the plum pox or Sharka virus (Plum Pox virus, PPV). There is very little data about the presence of this virus in Macedonia. Examination of old plum cultivars showed symptoms typical of the sharka virus. Field assessment of the percentage of infection of plum trees was carried out in a part of the territory of Macedonia. Some of the young seedlings that were analyzed failed to develop properly and were withered. Using DAS-ELISA tests and a universal set of antibodies, we demonstrated the presence of the Sharka virus in 94% of the examined samples. The test results showed high concentration of viral antigens in the plant samples (OD: 3.618 - 3.47230min). The laboratory analysis of the young fruits indicated that the infection probably originated from the propagative material

Presence of grapevine leafroll associated virus in the vuineyards in the Republic of Macedonia

Plant viruses are group of pathogens that cause and important loses in grapevine production and they have and great economic importance. They are obligate parasite form and for their replication they used plant cells.In particular vines, the harmful effects of viral infection manifests itself in reduced yield and quality of grapes, reducing the life of the vines in grapevine calem production - reducing the yield and quality of cuttings for grafting and weak adhesion of the coupling place.By applying serological ELISA technique and RT-PCR molecular diagnostics, we determining the presence of most distributed phloemic viruses in grapevine - Grapevine leafroll associated virus GlRaV (-1,-2,-3,-7). The study covered  total of 382 isolates of grapevine viruses, in the period from 2008 till 2014.In relation to grapevine viruses, we monitored the presence of the leafroll virus in grapevine (grapevine leafroll associated virus) with groups -1 and -3 of this virus (GlRaV-1 and GlRaV-3)

Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenweber, the new parasitical fungus on rice in the Republic of Macedonia

The recent observation of Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Wollenworth (teleomorph) (anamorf: Fusarium moniliforme Sheld.) Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg (anamorph), F. moniliforme J. Sheld. (synonym), the causal agent of Bakanae disease in rice fields, provides an opportunity to observe the characteristics of the pathogen and the possibility of prevention in Kocani area. Plant material with Gibberella fujikuroi symptoms was collected from rice (Oryza sativa) over the period of 3 years (from 2006 to 2008). Within this study, the presence and damage caused by this pathogenic fungus were confirmed. The objective of this study was a continuous field observation of symptoms in order to establish the percentage of infection and use of laboratory methods for proper protection

Grapevine Yellows in the Republic of Macedonia: Molecular Identification of Stolbur Phytoplasma Strains in Grapevine and Weeds

During the period from 2006 to 2010, a survey for presence of Bois noir (BN) phytoplasmas of Vitis vinifera L., and wild spontaneous vegetation (Clematis vitalba L., Solanum nigrum L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Convolvulus arvensis L., was conducted. The aims of this study were: i)to check the presence of BN phytoplasmas on grapevines and wild vegetation in investigated vineyards in Eastern part of Macedonia, and II) to molecularly characterize and compare the isolates from grapevine with those from weeds

Effect of rice moisture at harvest and rough rice storage time on milling yield and grain breakage

In this paper was examined the milling yield and the percentage of head rice yield and grain breakage in San Andrea rice variety, depending on paddy moisture content at harvest and time of storage of paddy after harvest. The influence of moisture content in paddy in the time of harvest was analyzed through representative samples of paddy harvested in three different terms in production in 2013 (24.09.2013, 04.10.2013 and 14.10.2013). In paddy harvested in the first term was measured average moisture content of 22.8 %. Moisture content in paddy harvested in the second and third terms was 19.6 % and 16.3 % respectively. The highest milling yield (74.81 %) and head rice yield (64.64 %) was obtained from paddy with the highest average moisture content at harvest time. From the same variant was received the lowest percentage of grain breakage (10.17 %). To determine the influence of paddy time of storage, paddy was processed and kept one, two and three months after harvest. The milling yield and head rice yield from all three terms of harvest was the largest in the processing of paddy one month after harvest. From this variant was obtained the lowest percentage of grain breakage. The best results from variants of factor time of storage again were associated with variant with the highest percentage of moisture at harvest. Keywords: rice, milling yield, head rice yield, grain breakag

Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon new weed in rice field in the region of Kocani

This paper is about the species Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon found in the rice fields in Kocani-Štip. It is a new adventive species for the flora in Republic of Macedonia. In the text the morphological description of the new weed from the family Pontederiaceae is given. This species Heteranthera reniformis Ruiz & Pavon for the first time is found in July 2004 around Kocani, but less spread in rice fields. In August 2005 this weed is found again in locality between village Cesinovo and village Spancevo left and right from the road. In the rice fields the weed is prevalent on surface about 600 ha and occupied 60-70% from the rice field

Correlation and path analysis in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

This study was carried out to determine the correlation between agronomic traits and seed yield of sunflower cultivars and also to determine the direct and indirect effect of analyzed traits on seed yield. The primary task in sunflower breeding programs is increasing the seed yield and creates new hybrids with high potential for seed and oil yield. Field trials were set up according to randomized block design during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014), on research area of Faculty of Agriculture, "Goce Delchev” University in Ovche Pole locality, Republic of Macedonia. As an experimental material were used 20 sunflower varieties. 1 000 seed weight, length and width of grain, oil content, oleic acid content and seed yield were analyzed. For 1 000 seed weight was obtained highly positive and significant correlation with seed yield and grain width. On the other hand, 1 000 seed weight showed negative and significant correlation with oil content. This trait expressed the biggest positive direct effect on seed yield Key words: sunflower, correlation coefficient, path analysis, agronomic trait

EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDE RESIDUES IN APPLES AND THEIR IMPACT ON FOOD SAFETY

The apple is a fruit that has beneficial health effects due to the presence of biologically active components and is considered as a functional food. But today\u27s production of apples cannot be imagined without chemical treatment. In addition to its favorable health effects, it may also have adverse effects on human health due to the presence of pesticides that are considered as contaminants. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fungicide residues in fruit/apples. The fungicide residues were extracted from apple cultivar Idared with QuEChERS method and analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (UPLC-TQ/MS). The analyses have shown that the apples contain pesticides penconazole (10 μg/kg), boscalide (60 μg/kg), tebuconazole (11-40 μg/kg), myclobutanil (20-70 μg/kg), fenbuconazole (70 μg/kg), pyrimethanil (12-60 μg/kg) and carbendazime (azole) with range of 100-200 μg/kg. After comparing the concentration of detected pesticides with MRLs, it can be concluded that apples are safe for consumption