Erfahrungsaustausch geisteswissenschaftlicher Fachreferate, 23.–24. März 2021

Im März 2021 fand erneut der langjährig etablierte "Erfahrungsaustausch: Fachreferate der Geisteswissenschaften" statt, der wieder von einem Team aus Vertreter:innen verschiedener Universitätsbibliotheken aus Nordrhein-Westfalen organisiert worden war. Ausgangspunkt der diesjährigen Veranstaltung war die Frage: "Was hat Corona im Fachreferat verändert?" Die Veranstaltung, an der 80 Interessierte aus Deutschland und der Schweiz teilnahmen, gliederte sich in sechs inhaltliche Blöcke mit Referent:innen, die teilweise selbst Vertreter:innen der angesprochenen Fachreferate sind, teilweise gezielt angeworben wurden: Informationskompetenz, Aus den Fachcommunities,  Bestandsmanagement, Erwerbung, Open Access und Aus den FIDs

Five-years surveillance of invasive aspergillosis in a university hospital

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>As the most common invasive fungal infection, invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains a serious complication in immunocompromised patients, leading to increased mortality. Antifungal therapy is expensive and may result in severe adverse effects.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of invasive aspergillosis (IA) cases in a tertiary care university hospital using a standardized surveillance method.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>All inpatients at our facility were screened for presence of the following parameters: positive microbiological culture, pathologist's diagnosis and antifungal treatment as reported by the hospital pharmacy. Patients fulfilling one or more of these indicators were further reviewed and, if appropriate, classified according to international consensus criteria (EORTC).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>704 patients were positive for at least one of the indicators mentioned above. Applying the EORTC criteria, 214 IA cases were detected, of which 56 were proven, 25 probable and 133 possible. 44 of the 81 (54%) proven and probable cases were considered health-care associated. 37 of the proven/probable IA cases had received solid organ transplantation, an additional 8 had undergone stem cell transplantation, and 10 patients were suffering from some type of malignancy. All the other patients in this group were also suffering from severe organic diseases, required long treatment and experienced several clinical complications. 7 of the 56 proven cases would have been missed without autopsy. After the antimycotic prophylaxis regimen was altered, we noticed a significant decrease (p = 0.0004) of IA during the investigation period (2003-2007).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Solid organ and stem cell transplantation remain important risk factors for IA, but several other types of immunosuppression should also be kept in mind. Clinical diagnosis of IA may be difficult (in this study 13% of all proven cases were diagnosed by autopsy only). Thus, we confirm the importance of IA surveillance in all high-risk patients.</p

Tablet-PC im Krankenhaus: Hygienische Aspekte beachten

Pramann O, Graf K, Albrecht U-V. Tablet-PC im Krankenhaus: Hygienische Aspekte beachten. Deutsches Ärzteblatt. 2012;109(14):A-706/B-608/C-606

Looking good but tweeting bad? The social perception of orthodontic-related posts on Twitter and Instagram

Background: Social media plays a major role in the daily life of adolescents and has become highly interesting for healthcare research as well. The aim of this study was to explore the social perception of orthodontic-related posts on Twitter and Instagram by young adults. Methods: 401 orthodontic-related posts were collected during a 30-day period and categorized with regard to specific characteristics - their content and the social networking site (SNS) being used as well as the presence or absence of a selfie. In order to investigate the social perception of these posts, 42 young adults rated the emotional states of the SNS users using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM)-Tool. A total of 4211 poster-rater observations pertaining to the three SAMs dimensions pleasure, arousal and dominance were analyzed by using linear and multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: The investigated characteristics of the collected posts had significant effects on the perceived emotional state of the SNS users. Besides significant SNS-associated differences, there were also effects that were independent of the SNS being used: Receiving orthodontic appliances was more often associated with rather negative emotions (p < 0.001), while users who posted about the removal of such braces were more often perceived as joyful (p < 0.001). Interestingly, users whose posts contained selfies with visible braces were perceived as significantly more positive and stronger in comparison to users who did not post a picture of themselves (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This research gives insights into the social perception of orthodontic-related posts on SNS. While users' emotional states were perceived highly differential on both SNS, orthodontic-related content also revealed significant effects on social perception. Because selfies with visible braces were associated with positive feelings by young adults, a modern and SNS-related way of coping with a temporary supposed impairment like fixed orthodontic appliances might have been revealed through this research

Social media and orthodontics: A mixed-methods analysis of orthodontic-related posts on Twitter and Instagram

Introduction: In modern health care, social media has become an important tool for both patients and professionals. On platforms like Twitter and Instagram, patients can express their experiences, attitudes, and emotions regarding their orthodontic treatment or the available treatment options. This study aimed to investigate orthodontic-related social media use by analyzing the contents of posts made by patients and/or peers and exploring potential differences of users' attitudes on Twitter and Instagram. Methods: During a 30-day period, we collected 361 orthodontic-related posts-153 from Twitter and 208 from Instagram-using the same search strategy on both platforms. A mixed-methods approach was applied. First, all posts were structured according to a qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, quantitative analysis was performed to detect potential differences between posts on Twitter and Instagram. Results: The following main themes were identified: Getting braces and Getting braces removed, Limitations due to braces, Seeking information, and Comedy. In addition to this classification, all posts were categorized as positive, negative, or neutral. Pictures and emoticons were frequently used to express experiences, attitudes, and emotions regarding orthodontic appliances. There were significant differences between posts on Twitter and those on Instagram; that is, the latter contained more posts that were categorized as positive. Conclusions: To date, only a few studies addressed the role of social media for orthodontic patients. This study provided insights into the experiences, attitudes, and emotions of patients and their peers regarding orthodontics and helped to reveal the potential impact of social media use on the field of orthodontics. Attention must be paid to the functional differences between Twitter and Instagram because these might lead patients to express themselves in specific ways

Sleep-disordered breathing in orthodontic practice

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the prevalence of snoring and its correlation with cranial and upper airway morphology in young individuals with orthodontic treatment need. Parents of 379 children were consecutively interviewed, using eight questions from a more comprehensive questionnaire about sleep behavior. A total of 100 patients (54 girls, 46 boys, average age 11.3 years) met the inclusion criteria. Based on the parents' interviews, the sample was divided into snorers (n = 53) and nonsnorers (n = 47). Using cephalograms obtained for initial orthodontic diagnostics, airway morphology was measured based on hyoid position and on the posterior airway space (PAS) dimensions at the maxillary, occlusal, and mandibular plane levels (PAS_NL, PAS_OCCL, PAS_ML). Mann-Whitney U testing, ANOVA, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis. Snoring was reported by 53 % of parents for 63 % (n = 29) of the boys and 44 % (n = 24) of the girls. Significant morphological differences were noted between snorers and nonsnorers. PAS dimensions were significantly reduced in the snorers compared to the nonsnorers at all three anatomical levels tested, which remained statistically significant when adjusted for age and gender. No differences between the two groups emerged for hyoid position or any of the vertical cranial parameters. A significant correlation between sagittal maxillary position (SNA) and PAS_NL was noted, indicating that larger SNA values were mildly associated with larger sagittal PAS dimensions at the maxillary level. This random sample of young patients with orthodontic treatment need was found to involve a high prevalence of parent-reported snoring. Characteristic features in cranial and upper airway morphology and thus differences between the snorers and nonsnorers were found

Evaluation of effectiveness and stability of aligner treatments using the Peer Assessment Rating Index

Aims The aims of this study were to measure treatment effects of aligner treatments in adult patients directly after treatment and the stability of these effects after a short-term retention period using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index. Methods This double-center trial consecutively screened 98 adult patients of whom 33 patients were treated according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study sample was shown to be representative for adult orthodontic reality with regard to gender, age, and distribution of malocclusion type. Malocclusion severity was rated by using the PAR Index measured at baseline (T0), after finishing orthodontic treatment with Invisalign (R) (T1; Align Technology Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) and after a mean retention period of 10 months (T2). Furthermore, to better understand the observed treatment modality, specific treatment characteristics were recorded and analyzed. Results The average PAR score at T0 was 22.18 (standard deviation [SD] +/- 8.68). Posttreatment PAR score was 4.64 (SD +/- 4.23) at T1 and was stable after a retention period of 10.07 months at T2 (SD +/- 126.80 days; PAR 4.36, SD +/- 3.93). All of the study cases showed a significant reduction of the total PAR score between T0 and T1 (p< 0.001), but no further difference between T1 and T2 (PAR 4.64 vs. 4.36). Cases were either classified 'improved' (n= 23) or 'greatly improved' (n= 10); no case was classified into the third PAR Index category 'worse or no different'. On average, 72 aligners (SD +/- 22) with 12 attachments per treatment (SD +/- 4) were used to align teeth. Six patients needed a case refinement with a mean of 23 (SD +/- 8) further aligners. The maximum number of needed ClinCheck (R) (Align Technology Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA) treatment plan revisions was 18 (mean 7, SD +/- 4). Conclusion The detected improvement rate indicated a good standard of orthodontic treatment using aligners. Treatment effects were stable throughout a short-term retention period using a specific retention protocol. Effectiveness and stability were equally achieved in mild, moderate, and rather severe cases within this consecutive sample. A critical focus should be placed on accurate treatment planning in order to make tooth movements predictable, realistic, and stable

Nine-Years Surveillance of invasive Aspergillosis in a University Hospital

Graf K, Weiner V, Ott E, Albrecht U-V, Ziesing S, Chaberny IF. Nine-Years Surveillance of invasive Aspergillosis in a University Hospital. In: DGHM 2012. International Journal of Medical Microbiology. Vol 302. Elsevier; 2012

Does one size fit all? A qualitative study about the need for individualized information transfer for orthognathic patients

Aims For any orthodontic-orthognathic treatment, it is crucial that patients are provided with enough and proper information in order to make evidence-based decisions- not only prior to treatment start, but also throughout the course of therapy. Thus, the objectives of this qualitative study were to identify information needs of patients undergoing combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment. Additionally, professionals' perspectives were evaluated. Methods A qualitative research approach was chosen in order to determine crucial aspects of information needs before and throughout treatment. With respect to a purposive sampling strategy and thematic saturation, we conducted ten semi-structured interviews with patients who had finished their orthodontic-orthognathic surgery treatments (five women, five men; being 21 to 34 years old). The indications for the combination treatment were severe skeletal Class IIs to Class IIIs with various vertical and transverse discrepancies. In addition, a multidisciplinary focus-group with six professionals from the maxillofacial surgery and orthodontic department (three women, three men; being 30 to 38 years old) helped to reflect about the experts' point of views. After transcription, data was categorized and analyzed by Mayring's content analysis. Results We identified three key themes. During this analysis, we focused on theme (1) 'information transfer' with its corresponding categories 'information needs' - depending on different treatment stages -, 'source of information' and 'doctor-patient-communication'. The affected patients ranked individualized patient information and empathetic doctor-patient-communication high. This was mostly in line with the professionals' point of view. Verbal communication was seen as being the best way to communicate throughout treatment. The role of the internet as a source of information was seen diversely. Conclusion This qualitative study highlights the need for individualized patient information and reveals both met and unmet information needs by patients. Although evidence-based written information is highly necessary for orthognathic patients and their families alike, it cannot replace an empathetic way of direct verbal doctor-patient-communication. It seems crucial to give specific individualized information at different treatment stages, starting at a thoroughly interdisciplinary screening at the very beginning

Molecular characterization and virus neutralization patterns of severe, non-epizootic forms of feline calicivirus infections resembling virulent systemic disease in cats in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein

Feline calicivirus (FCV) infections are associated with oral ulceration, chronic stomatitis and a limping syndrome. Epizootic outbreaks of virulent systemic disease (VSD) have been reported in the USA and Europe. Here, the molecular characterization and neutralization patterns of FCV isolates from cases of severe, non-epizootic infection associated with skin ulceration and edema are presented. Samples from eleven symptomatic cats, four in-contact cats and 27 cats with no contact with symptomatic cats were collected and tested for FCV, feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Phylogenetic analyses based on the capsid (VP1) gene of FCV and virus neutralization with antisera raised against four FCV vaccine strains were performed. Nine kittens and two adult cats in two shelters and two veterinary clinics in four geographically distinct locations in Switzerland and Liechtenstein were affected. The cats showed fever, tongue and skin ulceration, head and paw edema, and occasionally jaundice, generalized edema and dyspnea. All symptomatic cats tested FCV-positive but were negative for FHV-1, FeLV and FIV, with the exception of one FIV-positive kitten. All kittens of one litter and both adult cats died. The disease did not spread to cats in the environment. Cats in the environment displayed phylogenetically distinct, but related, FCV strains. Virus neutralization patterns suggested that some cases might have been potentially prevented by vaccination with the optimal vaccine strain. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of severe, non-epizootic forms of FCV infections with initial clinical presentations similar to VSD