The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Implementation of the Principle of Checks and Balances System

The article deals with the analysis of the place and role of the Constitutional Court in the system of separation of powers, for the effective implementation of the system of checks and balances. The institutional and legal model of interaction of constitutional justice authorities with legislative and executive bodies is formulated on the basis of the comparative legal analysis of the regulatory legal acts establishing the powers of constitutional jurisdiction authorities in the mechanism of implementation of the system of checks and balances on the example of different countries with different forms of government, a number of conclusions and suggestions are provided

Стартовая терапия в лечении впервые выявленной первичной глаукомы

PURPOSE: To analyze the initial treatment for newly diagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) I-III stages, to assess its efficacy and the extent of IOP level reduction.METHODS: The study included 597 patients (1 194 eyes) with newly diagnosed mild to advanced POAG, 186 men (31.1%) and 411 women (68.9%) with mean age of 63.9±1.97 years. Study protocol included the following indicators assessment: age, medical history (comorbidity), disease stage, IOP level — initial, 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 months and 1 year after the hypotensive treatment onset, hypotensive drug regimen and its changes.RESULTS: 93.6% of POAG patients had concomitant somatic diseases. Beta-blockers (BB) were used as the firstline drug in mild glaucoma in 75.4% of cases, in moderate glaucoma — in 35.6%. Prostaglandin analogues (PA) monotherapy was prescribed in 17.8% of cases in mild glaucoma, 14.1% in moderate glaucoma and 16.0% — in advanced glaucoma. A PA/BB combination was chosen in 14.1% of moderate glaucoma and 33.7% of advanced glaucoma cases. Fixed combinations of these drugs were used in 14.5% and 13.3% of moderate and advanced glaucoma patients respectively. After 12 months of mild glaucoma 40.4% of patients changed their hypotensive regimen, switching from BB to other drugs, glaucoma progression was observed in 7.7% of cases. Hypotensive regimen correction in moderate glaucoma cases was required in over 50% of patients initially instilling BB and 33.3% оf patients adhering to PA monotherapy. In advanced glaucoma patients monotherapy was ineffective in 100% of cases, BB/PA combination showed sufficient effect in 58.7% of cases and their fixed combination — in 45.8%.CONCLUSION: BB choice as the first-line therapy is not always justified. Active starting therapy in mild glaucoma cases, timely and adequate regimen correction, combination therapy or fixed combinations allow for providing the optimal IOP level at different stages of the disease.ЦЕЛЬ. Анализ стартовой терапии при впервые выявленной первичной открытоугольной глаукоме (ПОУГ) I, II и III стадий, оценка ее эффективности и уровня снижения офтальмотонуса.МЕТОДЫ. В исследование включены 597 (186 (31,1%) мужчин, 411 (68,9%) женщин; 1 194 глаза) пациентов с впервые выявленной ПОУГ I-III стадий. Средний возраст всех пациентов составил 63,9±1,97 года. Протокол исследования включал следующие показатели: возраст, анамнез (сопутствующая соматическая патология), стадии заболевания, уровень офтальмотонуса — исходный, через 2 недели, 1, 3, 6 месяцев и через 1 год после начала гипотензивной терапии, гипотензивный медикаментозный режим и его смены.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. Больные ПОУГ в 93,6% случаев имели сопутствующие соматические заболевания. Бета-адреноблокаторы (ББ) являлись препаратами первого выбора при начальной стадии (75,4%) первичной глаукомы, при развитой стадии — в 35,6% случаев. Аналоги простагландинов (АПГ) в качестве монотерапии назначались в 17,8% случаев при начальной стадии, в 14,1% в развитой стадии и в 16,0% — при далеко зашедшей стадии.АПГ в комбинации с ББ применялись в 14,1% случаев при развитой стадии, в 33,7% — в далеко зашедшей стадии. Фиксированные комбинации этих препаратов — в 14,5% (в развитой стадии) и 13,3% (в далеко зашедшей стадии) случаев. Через 12 месяцев в начальной стадии в 40,4% наблюдалась смена гипотензивного режима с ББ на другие препараты, прогрессирование глаукомного процесса наблюдалось в 7,7% случаев.В развитой стадии коррекция гипотензивного режима с ББ была необходима более чем в 50% случаев, с монотерапии АПГ — в 33,3% случаев. При далеко зашедшей стадии монотерапия была неэффективна в 100% случаев, комбинация АПГ и ББ эффективна только в 58,7% случаев, фиксированная комбинация этих препаратов — в 45,8% случаев.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Назначение ББ на старте терапии глаукомы не всегда оправдано. Активная стартовая терапия в начальной стадии глаукомы, своевременная и адекватная коррекция, выбор комбинированной терапии или подключение фиксированных комбинаций позволяют обеспечить рекомендуемый уровень офтальмотонуса на разных стадиях заболевания

SYSTEM OF ANAESTHETIC SUPPORT AT LARGE JOINT REPLACEMENT SURGERIES

The operation of total endoprosthesis replacement of large joints is associated with several anesthetic problems. Solving these problems ensures the safety of these highly traumatic operations and requires the solution of the following anesthetic tasks in the perioperative period: high degree of antinociceptive protection of patients with effective relaxation of the surgical intervention area; prevention of fatty hyperglobulinemia; decrease in the volume of perioperative hemorrhage and prophylaxis of thrombogenic complications. We developed our own program of anesthetic maintenance at major joints replacement. The components of the program are: the type of anesthesia - spinal anesthesia preservation of spontaneous respiration; our method of fat globulinemia prevention, based on maintaining the functional stability of the hepatocyte; our own method of replacement of peri-operative blood loss, based on the additional principle of "normalization of the oncotic blood pressure". Before the operation, patients receive a solution of tranexamic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body mass to inhibit proteolysis (blood preservation technology). This method provides a "dry" operating field, reducing intraoperative hemorrhage. In the early postoperative period (5 hours after the surgery), under the control of whole blood clotting time, patients receive low molecular weight heparin Clexane at a therapeutic dosage of 1 mg/kg of body weight. This provides effective prevention of thrombogenic complications. The application of the developed technique shows its high clinical effectiveness. Over the past 5 years, 5,800 operations for large joint prosthetics have been performed, including 3,200 total hip replacement operations, 2,600 total knee replacement operations. There were no complications with a fatal outcome, in 5 cases fatty hyperglobulinemia was noted, which was stopped by the own method of treatment. There are no thrombogenic complications

Элемент согласования волноводной линии передачи с диодом

The article deals with the issues of matching a waveguide transmission line with millimeter wave diodes. The implementation of the transition of a rectangular waveguide to a microstrip switching line in the form of a line of the fin-line type is described. The computer simulation results of the transmission coefficient module of the developed element and the standing wave coefficient by voltage separately for the transition from a rectangular waveguide to a microstrip transmission line and as part of an amplitude detector are shown. A joint application of the developed element with a microstrip detector based on a Schottky diode in the frequency range from 118.1 to 178.4 GHz is proposed. The results of measuring its parameters and the results of determining the sensitivity are given, as well as the evaluation of the results obtained is performed. The obtained results proved the possibility of using the matching element of a waveguide transmission line with a diode in the millimeter wavelength range. Рассмотрены вопросы согласования волноводной линии передачи с диодами миллиметрового диапазона длин волн. Описана реализация перехода с прямоугольного волновода на микрополосковую линию передачи в виде линии типа фин-лайн. Показаны результаты компьютерного моделирования модуля коэффициента передачи разработанного элемента и коэффициента стоячей волны по напряжению отдельно перехода с прямоугольного волновода на микрополосковую линию передачи и в составе амплитудного детектора. Представлена реализация совместного применения разработанного элемента с микрополосковым детектором на базе диода Шоттки в диапазоне частот от 118,1 до 178,4 ГГц. Приведены результаты измерения его параметров и определения чувствительности. При оценке полученных данных подтверждена возможность применения разработанного элемента согласования волноводной линии передачи с диодом в миллиметровом диапазоне длин волн

Educational environment of the college as a factor of professional competence forming of future middle-level it specialists

© 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. The article presents the results of the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "educational environment", describes the modern requirements for the professional competence of сollege graduates in the field of information technology, defines the essential characteristics and features of the educational environment of the university сollege. Nowadays, due to the rapid development of all spheres of our life, highly-qualified middle-level specialists are needed. The system of training in the college is similar to the university, but has its own peculiarities. Educational institutions of secondary vocational education train middle-level specialists with a high level of basic knowledge. The problem of professional competence forming of a college student can be solved with careful attention to the peculiarities of the educational space of the college. Modern needs of society to preparation of the middle-level specialists require the development of scientifically-proved strategies and methods of forming the professional competence of students in the educational space of a college, which will be effective if considering all the features of the educational process in the college

Методи оцінювання ділової репутації банку: міжнародний і вітчизний досвід

The article deals with the main approaches to assessing the bank’s business reputation: both quantitative one to be based on the valuation of goodwill and qualitative one to reflect the objective position of the bank in the market by rating the expert survey. Business reputation of bank presents by a soba idea that was folded about him in the process of the real co-operating with the different participants of market. International and domestic approaches are analyzed to estimate the bank’s business reputation.To provide a jar stable strategic development it is possible by the management of him business reputation.Исследованы основные подходы к оценке деловой репутации банка: количественный, в основе которого лежит стоимостная оценка гудвилла, и качественный, который отражает объективное положение банка на рынке, путем рейтингов, экспертных опросов. Проанализированы международные и отечественные подходы к рейтинговой оценки деловой репутации банка.Досліджено основні підходи до оцінки ділової репутації банку: кількісний, в основу якого покладено вартісну оцінку гудвілу, і якісний, який відображає об’єктивне становище банку на ринку, шляхом рейтингування, експертного опитування. Проаналізовано міжнародні і вітчизняні підходи до рейтингової оцінки ділової репутації банку.

Educational environment of the college as a factor of professional competence forming of future middle-level it specialists

© 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved. The article presents the results of the analysis of approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "educational environment", describes the modern requirements for the professional competence of сollege graduates in the field of information technology, defines the essential characteristics and features of the educational environment of the university сollege. Nowadays, due to the rapid development of all spheres of our life, highly-qualified middle-level specialists are needed. The system of training in the college is similar to the university, but has its own peculiarities. Educational institutions of secondary vocational education train middle-level specialists with a high level of basic knowledge. The problem of professional competence forming of a college student can be solved with careful attention to the peculiarities of the educational space of the college. Modern needs of society to preparation of the middle-level specialists require the development of scientifically-proved strategies and methods of forming the professional competence of students in the educational space of a college, which will be effective if considering all the features of the educational process in the college

Modeling the kinetics of vulcanization polydienes

A model of vulcanization kinetics, which allows describing the kinetic curves of any form and on the basis of economical laboratory experiment analytically evaluate the kinetics of isothermal curing was proposed. In studying the kinetics of vulcanization, we assumed that the individual stages of the vulcanization process differ significantly speed and to determine the parameters on reometric curve isolated several areas. It allows to describe the process of a set of simple coupled first and second order vulcanization reactions