Beiträge zur mittelägyptischen Syntax. V. Sätze mit (festem) Verbum in der Suffixkonjugation oder im Imperativ

Ett ärendehanteringssystem är ett komplett system vars mål är att effektivisera och koordinera processer av olika slag. Ett exempel på ärendehantering är försäkringsbolag som använder sig av detta för att snabba upp och kontrollera processen för hantering av skadeärenden. I ett ärendehanteringssystem finns en ärendehanteringsmotor som sköter flödet av ärenden, vilket bland annat innebär ansvar för att ärenden hamnar hos rätt person. Examensarbetets syfte är att utveckla en liten och enkel ärendehanteringsmotor, som ändå är generell nog att fungera i olika kontexter. Ärendehanteringsmotorn levereras i form av en komponent färdig att användas vid utvecklandet av ärendehanteringssystem. Genom att återanvända komponenten och endast behöva anpassa den till det nya systemet är tanken att mycket tid sparas vid utvecklandet. Rapporten behandlar utvecklingsprocessen från identifiering av ärendehanteringsmotorns roll och kravanalys till beslut angående arkitekturen. Alternativa lösningar och framtida utvecklingsmöjligheter har diskuterats. Resultatet blev en färdig ärendehanteringsmotor som uppfyller de grundläggande krav som ställdes på komponenten

The Path Dependency of former monopolists A case study of Scandinavian Airlines System

Abstract Title: The Path Dependency of former monopolists Seminar date: 2013-05-30 Course: FEKN90 Företagsekonomi: Examensarbete på Civilekonomprogrammet (30 ECTS) Authors: Niklas Sandberg and Henrik Karlsson Advisor: Matts Kärreman Five key words: Monopolist, Path dependency, Strategy, Competition and Deregulation Purpose: To explain how path dependency is affecting the strategies of former monopolists after that their markets are deregulated. Methodology: For this thesis research we have mainly applied an inductive approach based on a qualitative research method including unstructured interviews. Theoretical Framework: To analyze path dependency from a strategic and industrial perspective Porter’s Diamond, the Path dependency theory, SWOT-analysis and Porter’s Generic Strategies have been selected. These models and theories have been chosen because of their explanatory advantages and inbound relations. Empirical material: The Empirical data primarily comes from five interviews and 20 annual reports. These sources have been presented together in order to provide a covering background for the analysis. Conclusions: This thesis suggests that former monopolists continue to be affected by path dependency after that their markets are deregulated. The structures and strategies of monopolists operating in a regulated market are built on the belief that they are not facing competition. Therefore overall efficiency particularly in terms of cost structure is not emphasized during regulation. Once the market is deregulated new entrants enter with cost structures based on markets with free competition. The new entrants, not being strategically path dependent, may also implement new business models. The former monopolist is challenged by limited strategic space because of its path dependent structure. This limited strategic space caused by path dependency negatively affects its relative competitiveness

GPS measurement of Swedish car movements for assessment of possible electrification

To enhance the transition to electrified vehicles, such as PHEVs, the use patterns of cars need to be well understood and thus information about individual vehicle’s movements over longer time periods is needed. This is of major importance for instance for optimal powertrain and battery design, estimation of consumer viability and potential for PHEVs and for assessment of policies for shifting energy use in transport sector from fuel to electricity. Good and publicly available data of this kind is today unfortunately lacking. The aim of this project has been to gather a larger amount of data on the characteristics and distribution of individual movements for privately driven cars in Sweden by measurement with GPS equipment. The logging was performed with commercial equipment containing a GPS unit, including a roof-mounted antenna, and a gprs communication unit. Data logged (2.5 Hz) were: time, position, velocity, and number and id of used satellites. The measurements started in June 2010 and ended in September 2012. The target has been to accomplish good quality measurements of at least 30 days for about 500 representative vehicles. The paper includes a description of the project, an analysis of its representativeness and some car movement statistics for the full results

The possibility for energy regeneration by electrification in Swedish car driving

The ability to regenerate energy when braking is a valuable advantage of hybrid and fully electric vehicles. How much energy that can be regenerated depends mainly on the car driving and the capacity of the driveline. Detailed studies of possibilities for brake energy regeneration in real world driving are needed to better understand the potential gains of car-electrification since test cycles do not take individual driving or elevation into account. This study has analysed the potential for regeneration in Swedish car driving by applying a model for a normalized vehicle to a highly detailed and representative data set of individual car movements for privately driven cars in Sweden. The share of energy at the wheels used for braking was found to range from 12% to 63%, with an average of 30%. Engine braking could however reduce the amount of recoverable energy to about 16%. On average 42% and 89% of the potentially regenerable energy is available below 10 and 40 kW, respectively. Drivers with lower average speed have in general a higher share of the energy at the wheels potentially available for regeneration. This is however not an important factor to determine the total yearly energy/cost savings. Instead the yearly mileage is shown to be a more relevant indicator on total energy savings from regeneration. The results are compared to the NEDC and WLTP test cycles

The potential for brake energy regeneration under Swedish conditions

The ability to regenerate energy when braking is a valuable advantage of hybrid and fully electric vehicles. The regeneration potential mainly depends on how a car is driven and on the capacity of the drivetrain. Detailed studies of the regeneration potential based on brake energy in real-world driving are needed to better understand the potential gains of car-electrification, since test cycles do not take individual driving characteristics or route elevation into account. This study uses a model of a normalized vehicle and a highly detailed and representative data set of individual car movements including elevation to analyze the potential for energy regeneration in cars when driven under current real-world Swedish conditions.The ultimate energy regeneration potential (defined as the braking energy at the wheels) varies by about a factor of six among individual movement patterns, with an average of 0.033 kW h/km, corresponding to 27% of the total average energy supplied at the wheels. Earlier studies have shown a higher energy regeneration potential per km for cars driving under urban conditions with low average velocity and many starts and stops. Our results confirm this but also point out that a low average velocity and a high share of city driving are not very well correlated with the yearly energy savings; for this the yearly mileage is a more important indicator. This suggests that drivers who rack up the miles should be targeted as potential early adopters of regenerative technologies rather than city drivers per se. The results from real-world driving are compared to the NEDC and WLTP test cycles

Transient wave propagation in composite media: A Green functions approach

A generalized Green functions technique for wave propagation of transient fields in one-dimensional media is developed. The medium is partitioned into an arbitrary number of subslabs for which Green operators, that map the incident field to the internal fields, are defined. Relations between the Green operators for the entire medium and the Green operators for the subslabs are derived. The technique leads to fast numerical algorithms which are especially efficient for dispersive media. The numerical examples focus on the comparison between wave propagation in dispersive and non-dispersive media

Identitetens röst gör sig åhörd i gränslandet - Tornedalslitteratur i ett postkolonialistiskt perspektiv

En postkolonialistisk studie om Tornedalen. Genomförd genom närläsning av två romaner, skrivna därifrån. Som komplement används postkolonialistiska teorier samt identitets- och minoritetsteorier

Thermal Modelling of Water-Based Floor Heating Systems - supply temperature optimisation and self-regulating effects

Low temperature water-based concrete embedded floor heating systems are studied. The utilisation of low quality heat sources is facilitated by low temperature heating. Theoretical models which describe the transient thermal floor heating operation constitute the basis for the analysis. The combination of building, floor heating element, heat gains and control system is described by a set of theoretical models. In particular, a numerical floor heating element model is develop and verified by comparison with results from heat transfer software and published experimental results. A model based predictive control method is applied in order to find an optimised supply fluid temperature. The aim is to keep the upcoming operative temperature within a comfort interval and at the same time constrain the supply heat flux within practical limits. A discrete transient response factor method is utilised by a numerical optimisation algorithm that iteratively finds an optimised solution. The response factor method describes the relation between a piecewise constant supply heat flux and the succeeding shift in indoor temperature. The stability of the system has been studied; the initial delay time caused by the time needed for a heat front to conduct from the depth of the embedded circuit towards the interior sets a limit for the applied period time in the discrete response method. The predictive optimisation method has been applied in a realistic case where the operative temperature is successfully kept within the comfort interval. The self-regulation ability due to a thermal perturbance in the case of feed-forward controlled supply temperature is studied separately. Such system counteracts any non-periodic thermal perturbance by shifting the supplied heat flux in the opposite direction. The outcome is a more even indoor temperature and enhanced utilisation of heat gains. Transient response functions which quantify the involved thermal processes are derived by the developed model. It has been shown that the transient shift in supplied heat flux is given by two coupled processes. The first process is related to the propagation of heat towards the position of the embedded circuit due to the perturbance. The second process is related to the heat exchange along the embedded circuit due to the excitation of the supply temperature. The demand of an unchanged supply temperature connects the two processes (i.e. from the feed-forward supply temperature control). The self-regulation utilisation factor is defined as the ratio between the accumulated shift in supply heat flux and the energy content of a finite thermal perturbance. Buildings with small heat losses in combination with a high equivalent thermal conductance from the supply of the pipe circuit towards the interior yields a high self-regulation utilisation factor. Hence, self-regulation is an integrated phenomenon which depends on both the design of the floor heating element and the building