STUDI PERILAKU SEKSUAL PADA KELOMPOK GAY :PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN NILAI DI GUBUG SEBAYA KABUPATEN JOMBANG

<p><b>Objectives:</b> Recent research suggested an influence of diminished central nervous serotonin (5-HT) synthesis on the leptin axis via immunological mechanisms in healthy adult females. However, studies assessing immunological parameters in combination with dietary challenge techniques that impact brain 5-HT synthesis in humans are lacking. </p> <p><b>Methods:</b> In the present trial, a pilot analysis was conducted on data obtained in healthy adult humans receiving either different dietary acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) challenge or tryptophan (TRP)-balanced control conditions (BAL) to study the effects of reduced central nervous 5-HT synthesis on serum tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6 concentrations. The data of <i>N</i> = 35 healthy adults were analysed who were randomly subjected to one of the following two dietary conditions in a double-blind between-subject approach: (1) The Moja-De ATD challenge (ATD), or (2) TRP-balanced control condition for ATD Moja-De (BAL). Serum concentrations for the assessment of relevant parameters (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and relevant TRP-related characteristics after the respective challenge procedures were assessed at baseline (T0) and in hourly intervals after administration over a period of 6 h (T1–T6). </p> <p><b>Results:</b> The ATD condition did not result in significant changes to cytokine concentrations for the entire study sample, or in male and female subgroups. Depletion of CNS 5-HT via dietary TRP depletion appears to have no statistically significant short-term impact on cytokine concentrations in healthy adults. </p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Future research on immunological stressors in combination with challenge techniques will be of value in order to further disentangle the complex interplay between brain 5-HT synthesis and immunological pathways.</p

Data_Sheet_1_GABAA receptor availability relates to emotion-induced BOLD responses in the medial prefrontal cortex: simultaneous fMRI/PET with [11C]flumazenil.PDF

IntroductionThe fMRI BOLD response to emotional stimuli highlighting the role of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) has been thoroughly investigated. Recently, the relationship between emotion processing and GABA levels has been studied using MPFC proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). However, the role of GABAA receptors in the MPFC during emotion processing remains unexplored.MethodsUsing [11C]flumazenil PET, we investigated the relationship between the binding potential of GABAA receptors and emotion processing as measured using simultaneous fMRI BOLD. We hypothesized a correlation between the percent signal change in the BOLD signal and the binding potential of GABAA receptors in the MPFC. In a combined simultaneous fMRI and [11C]flumazenil-PET study, we analyzed the data from 15 healthy subjects using visual emotional stimuli. Our task comprised two types of emotional processing: passive viewing and appraisal. Following the administration of a bolus plus infusion protocol, PET and fMRI data were simultaneously acquired in a hybrid 3 T MR-BrainPET.ResultsWe found a differential correlation of BOLD percent signal change with [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the MPFC. Specifically, [11C]flumazenil binding potential in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) correlated with passive viewing of emotionally valenced pictures. In contrast, the [11C]flumazenil binding potential and the BOLD signal induced by picture appraisal did show a correlation in the paracingulate gyrus.ConclusionOur data deliver first evidence for a relationship between MPFC GABAA receptors and emotion processing in the same region. Moreover, we observed that GABAA receptors appear to play different roles in emotion processing in the vMPFC (passive viewing) and paracingulate gyrus (appraisal).</p

Histopathological and ¹⁸F-FET PET data.

<p>Histopathological and ¹⁸F-FET PET data.</p

Generation of the mask for each tumor.

<p>A. Z-score map obtained from SPM12 between each patient and a population-averaged normal ¹⁸F-FET PET brain template. B. The mask obtained from connected regions of previous Z-score map, followed by a dilatation to not miss adjacent pertinent voxels.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to IDH1 mutation (upper panel) status and tumor percentage of centroid #1 (lower panel).

<p>* NR = Not reached due to the lack of event.</p

Kaplan-Meier estimates of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) according to other conventional ¹⁸F-FET PET parameters (TBR_max, TBR_mean, TTP, and slope).

<p>* NR = Not reached due to the lack of event.</p

Example of 2 patients with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma IDH1 mutant (patient #22) and anaplastic astrocytoma IDH1 wild-type (patient #24) and their spatial repartition of centroid (blue: Tumor repartition of centroid #1, green: Tumor repartition of centroid #2, grey: Tumor repartition of centroid #3).

<p>Example of 2 patients with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma IDH1 mutant (patient #22) and anaplastic astrocytoma IDH1 wild-type (patient #24) and their spatial repartition of centroid (blue: Tumor repartition of centroid #1, green: Tumor repartition of centroid #2, grey: Tumor repartition of centroid #3).</p

Voxel-based ¹⁸F-FET PET segmentation and automatic clustering of tumor voxels: A significant association with IDH1 mutation status and survival in patients with gliomas

<div><p>Introduction</p><p>Aim was to develop a full automatic clustering approach of the time-activity curves (TAC) from dynamic ¹⁸F-FET PET and evaluate its association with IDH1 mutation status and survival in patients with gliomas.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Thirty-seven patients (mean age: 45±13 y) with newly diagnosed gliomas and dynamic ¹⁸F-FET PET before any histopathologic investigation or treatment were retrospectively included. Each dynamic ¹⁸F-FET PET was realigned to the first image and spatially normalized in the Montreal Neurological Institute template. A tumor mask was semi-automatically generated from Z-score maps. Each brain tumor voxel was clustered in one of the 3 following centroids using dynamic time warping and k-means clustering (centroid #1: slowly increasing slope; centroid #2: rapidly increasing followed by slowly decreasing slope; and centroid #3: rapidly increasing followed by rapidly decreasing slope). The percentage of each dynamic ¹⁸F-FET TAC within tumors and other conventional ¹⁸F-FET PET parameters (maximum and mean tumor-to-brain ratios [TBR_max and TBR_mean], time-to-peak [TTP] and slope) was compared between wild-type and IDH1 mutant tumors. Their prognostic value was assessed in terms of progression free-survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) by Kaplan-Meier estimates.</p><p>Results</p><p>Twenty patients were IDH1 wild-type and 17 IDH1 mutant. Higher percentage of centroid #1 and centroid #3 within tumors were positively (P = 0.016) and negatively (P = 0.01) correlated with IDH1 mutated status. Also, TBR_max, TBR_mean, TTP, and slope discriminated significantly between tumors with and without IDH1 mutation (P range 0.01 to 0.04). Progression occurred in 22 patients (59%) at a median of 13.1 months (7.6–37.6 months) and 13 patients (35%) died from tumor progression. Patients with a percentage of centroid #1 > 90% had a longer survival compared with those with a percentage of centroid #1 < 90% (P = 0.003 for PFS and P = 0.028 for OS). This remained significant after stratification on IDH1 mutation status (P = 0.029 for PFS and P = 0.034 for OS). Compared to other conventional ¹⁸F-FET PET parameters, TTP and slope were associated with PFS and OS (P range 0.009 to 0.04).</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Based on dynamic ¹⁸F-FET PET acquisition, we developed a full automatic clustering approach of TAC which appears to be a valuable noninvasive diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with gliomas.</p></div

Voxel clustering and features extraction from dynamic ¹⁸F-FET PET.

<p>A. The Elbow method, where the abscissa is the time series number and the ordinate axis the sum of squared errors between each voxel real value and the associated centroid which fitted best the time-activity curve (TAC). Black arrow represents the break point in the curve, corresponding to 3 clusters centroids. B. The 3 centroids included in the final model; centroid #1: slowly increasing slope; centroid #2: increasing slope and slowly decreasing slope; centroid #3: rapidly increasing followed by rapidly decreasing curve. C. Centroid #1, centroid #2 and centroid #3 fitted with 3 TAC (black curves) of voxels.</p

Association with IDH1 mutation status.

<p>Association with IDH1 mutation status.</p