Vitrification has detrimental effects on maturation, viability, and subcellular quality of oocytes post IVM in cancerous women: An experimental study

Background: In vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes retrieved from ovarian tissue has been considered as a valuable approach for fertility preservation in cancerous patients.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrification on oocyte maturation, survival rates, as well as the subcellular oocyte quality post IVM.Materials and Methods: The ovarian cortexes from 19 women with cervix and uterine malignancy aged 21–39 yr were collected. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from all visible antral follicles. 102 immature oocytes were collected, and 43 oocytes were detected appropriately for IVM (control group). Also, 59 immature oocytes were vitrified, then matured in vitro (IVM) in two groups: with Growth/differentiation factor9 (GDF9) (group 1) and without GDF9 (group 2) supplementation. Rates of oocytes viability, maturation, and survival along with meiotic spindle visualization and zona pellucida birefringence were assessed with Polyscope.Results: The rate of maturation was significantly higher in controls (55.8%) compared to the other groups. Maturation rate was 23.3% in oocytes cultured in IVM medium enriched with GDF9, and 27.6% in those cultured in IVM medium lacking GDF9 (p= 0.86). Also, the meiotic spindle was present in 74.4% of control oocytes whichwas significantly higher than the other groups. The proportion of high zona pellucida birefringence was higher in the controls when compared with group 1 (51.2% vs. 23.3%, respectively, p = 0.04).Conclusion: Vitrification had a detrimental effect on oocyte maturation, viability as well as the subcellular quality of the oocytes after IVM in cancerous women

Attitude and knowledge of Iranian female nurses about Human Papilomavirus infection and cervical cancer: a cross sectional survey

Background and aim. Human Papilomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases is highly related to cervical cancer in women. Cervical cancer?s crude incidence rate in Iran is 6-8 per 100,000. The HPV vaccine provides a chance to considerably decrease the transmission of most types of HPV. The aim of this study was to evaluate awareness and knowledge of HPV infection and vaccines and to assess the attitude and approach toward these vaccines among female nurses at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed among 380 female nurses. Data were collected using a questionnaire was consisted in demographic variables and questions on knowledge of participants about HPV infection, HPV vaccine and cervical cancer and also questions on attitude of nurses towards HPV vaccination. The validity and internal consistency of questionnaire was confirmed during experts consents and pilot testing (? = 0.79). Data analysis was performed using SPSS15 using ?2-test or Fisher?s exact test. Results. Three hundred and eighty questionnaires were dis- tributed and 357 female nurses completed and returned their questionnaires: Only one hundred and thirty-one of the nurses (36.7%) knew about HPV infection and how it can cause abnor- mal pap Smear results. about 147 (41.2%) of the nurses stated they would want to be vaccinated. About 146 (40.9%) of respond- ents supported vaccination of preadolescent girls. Conclusion. The results of this study confirm the lack of knowledge about HPV vaccine and its relation to cervical cancer and also the ways of this cancer prevention. Our study shows an urgent need to design similar studies in other regions of Iran and draw a broad esti- mation on knowledge of different target groups to make a national program to increase the knowledge of women on this matter and help to decrease the rate of cervical cancer in Iranian population

Radical hysterectomy in the elderly

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Designing a simple electrochemical method for ozone generation and using for removal of C.I. Reactive blue 203 (RB 203) from textile wastewater

Textile wastewater is one of the most important environmental pollutants. These wastewaters are containing different kinds of dyes, chemicals and salts. Therefore, it is essential to remove these dyes and chemicals from wastewaters before discharging them into the environment. One of the best methods to remove these dyes and chemicals from wastewater is using oxidation agents such as H2O2, O3 and etc. Ozone is an important oxidizing agent which is widely used in the purification of water, wastewater treatment, water disinfection and decomposition of organic materials. The main aim of this study is the investigation of the removal of C. I. Reactive Blue RB 203 as a textile dye from aqueous solutions by using electrochemical ozone generation with a titanium anode electrode modified with a mixture of nickel, antimony and tin oxides. Some parameters such as the pH of the solution, current density and ozonation time were optimized. The textile dye concentration during the degradation process was estimated from the calibration curve (the UV-Vis absorption values versus the dye concentration) and also the kinetic order of the removal of RB 203 was investigated. The results showed that removal of the dye (100 ppm) from the solution increased by increasing ozonation time at a constant current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 40 min electrolysis and also it was removed from solutions with an efficiency of 99%

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus types among women screened for cervical cancer in yazd, iran, and comparison of cytology, histology, and colposcopy results

Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus with more than 100 genotypes, at least 12 of which are high-risk and associated with high-grade cervical lesions. Data on the prevalence of high-risk HPV genotypes among women are not yet available for the total regions of Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among women screened for cervical carci-noma in Yazd and compare the cytology, histology, and colposcopy results. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 402 women referring to gynecology clinics of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sci-ences, Yazd, Iran, were selected. The Pap smear and HPV typing were performed on cervical samples. The high-risk HPV types were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based reverse blot hybridization assay. Colposcopy was carried out on patients with high-risk HPV types, and biopsies were taken for histological examination. Results: Among 402 women screened by HPV-PCR, 32 (7.97) women were positive for high-risk HPV types. Human papillomavirus 16 and HPV18 were the most frequent genotypes (46.9). The cytology, histology, and colposcopy results were abnormal in 56.2, 29.1, and 71.9 of patients, respectively. Pap smear had 100 sensitivity and 58.3 specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions, while these values for colposcopy were 75 and 87.5, respectively. Conclusions: The frequency of high-risk HPV types was relatively low among women living in Yazd than in those from other provinces of Iran. A significant percentage of patients with HPV had normal cervical cytology and histology. Therefore, HPV typing is recommended to decrease the development of cervical cancer. Colposcopy had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the detection of high-grade cervical lesions. © 2020, Author(s)

Can the prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine be used as a therapeutic agent in women with CIN? A randomized trial

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most significant risk factors for cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine has a very significant impact on the incidence of cervical cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine in the treatment of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 1-3). Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (SSUMS), Yazd, Iran, from October 2011 to November 2015 in women with histologically confirmed residual/recurrent CIN 1 or high-grade CIN (CIN 2-3). Eligible women were assigned randomly to an intervention and a control group. Women in the intervention group were given HPV vaccinations while those in the control group were not. Participants were followed up for 24 months. Primary and secondary outcomes, and adverse effects of the treatment in the two groups were compared using Student's t test, the chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test. P values < 0.05 or less were considered statistically significant. Results: Three-hundred and twelve women were randomized to the two groups; the data of 138 in the intervention group and 104 in the control group were analyzed. The mean age of the women was 32.59 ± 4.85 years. Differences in age, marital status, and grades of CIN weren't significant between the two groups. At the end of the two-year follow-up period, the number of women with CIN 2-3 in the intervention and control groups was reduced by 75 (from 93 to 23) versus 40 (from 69 to 41). The efficacy of the HPV vaccine in women with CIN 1-3 was 58.7 (p = 0.018). No serious adverse effects related to the vaccines were reported. Conclusions: The prophylactic quadrivalent HPV vaccine after treatment may have a therapeutic effect in women with residual/recurrent CIN 1 or high-grade CIN (CIN 2-3). Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20190603043801N1. Registered 24 July 2019 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.irct.ir/user/trial/40017/view © 2020 The Author(s)

Vitrification has detrimental effects on maturation, viability, and subcellular quality of oocytes post IVM in cancerous women: An experimental study

Background: In vitro maturation (IVM) of immature oocytes retrieved from ovarian tissue has been considered as a valuable approach for fertility preservation in cancerous patients. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrification on oocyte maturation, survival rates, as well as the subcellular oocyte quality post IVM. Materials and Methods: The ovarian cortexes from 19 women with cervix and uterine malignancy aged 21-39 yr were collected. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from all visible antral follicles. 102 immature oocytes were collected, and 43 oocytes were detected appropriately for IVM (control group). Also, 59 immature oocytes were vitrified, then matured in vitro (IVM) in two groups: with Growth/differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) (group 1) and without GDF9 (group 2) supplementation. Rates of oocytes viability, maturation, and survival along with meiotic spindle visualization and zona pellucida birefringence were assessed with Polyscope. Results: The rate of maturation was significantly higher in controls (55.8) compared to the other groups. Maturation rate was 23.3 in oocytes cultured in IVM medium enriched with GDF9, and 27.6 in those cultured in IVM medium lacking GDF9 (p= 0.86). Also, the meiotic spindle was present in 74.4 of control oocytes which was significantly higher than the other groups. The proportion of high zona pellucida birefringence was higher in the controls when compared with group 1 (51.2 vs. 23.3, respectively, p= 0.04). Conclusions: Vitrification had a detrimental effect on oocyte maturation, viability as well as the subcellular quality of the oocytes after IVM in cancerous women. © 2019, Research and Clinical Center for Infertitlity. All rights reserved

Association of XRCC3 18067 C>T (Thr241Met) polymorphism with risk of cervical and ovarian cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The 18067 C>T polymorphism of XRCC3 gene has been considered to be implicated in the development of cervical and ovarian cancers, but the results are inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association of XRCC3 18067 C>T polymorphism with risk of cervical and ovarian cancers. All studies on the association of XRCC3 18067 C>T polymorphism with cervical and ovarian cancers risk were retrieved. Finally, a total of 17 studies including 10 studies with 5,637 cases and 10,057 controls on ovarian cancer and 7 studies with 1,112 cases and 1,233 controls on cervical cancer were selected. Overall, pooled results showed that the XRCC3 18067 C>T polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer (TC vs. CC: OR = 0.904, 95 CI = 0.841�0.972, p = 0.006; TT + TC vs. CC: OR = 0.914, 95 CI = 0.853�0.979, p = 0.010) and cervical cancer (TC vs. CC: OR = 1.00, 95 CI = 1.066�1.585, p = 0.009). Further subgroup analysis by ethnicity revealed an increased risk of cervical and ovarian cancer in Asians and Caucasians, respectively. The present meta-analysis inconsistent with the previous meta-analysis suggests that the XRCC3 18067 C>T polymorphism might be implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical and ovarian cancers. © 2019 The Author(s)

Association of IL-12B rs3212227 and IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms with susceptibility to cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Primary studies have shown that the IL-12B rs3212227 and IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer. However, conflicting results warrant a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. Methods: A comprehensive literate search on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and SciELO was performed to collect all eligible studies up to November 10, 2019. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95 confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the risk. This meta-analysis was carried out by utilizing CMA software. Results: A total of eleven case-control studies including four studies on IL-12B rs3212227 and seven studies on IL-6 rs1800795 were selected. Pooled ORs revealed that the IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer (C vs. G: OR = 1.294, 95 CI 1.071-1.564, p= 0.007; CC vs. GG: OR = 1.633, 95 CI 1.059-2.520, p= 0.027; CC+CG vs. GG: OR = 1.312, 95 CI 1.048-1.643, p= 0.018; and CC vs. CG+GG: OR = 1.592, 95 CI 1.268-1.999, p�0.001), but not IL-12B rs3212227 polymorphism. Stratified analysis by ethnicity revealed that both IL-12B rs3212227 and IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms were associated with risk of cervical cancer in Asian women. Conclusions: Our pooled data revealed that the IL-12B rs3212227 and IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms may be used to identify individuals at high risk of cervical cancer in Asian women. © 2020, Asian Pacific Organization for Cancer Prevention

Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review

Background: Since early December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been prevalent in China and eventually spread to other countries. There are a few published cases of COVID-19 occurring during pregnancy and due the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, there is a concern that the fetuses may be at risk of congenital COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus of infected mothers by using data of published articles or official websites up to March 4, 2020. Results: A total of 31 infected pregnant mothers with COVID-19 were reported. No COVID-19 infection was detected in their neonates or placentas. Two mothers died from COVID-19-related respiratory complications after delivery. Conclusions: Currently, based on limited data, there is no evidence for intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Mothers may be at increased risk for more severe respiratory complications. © 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC