Basis functions for solution of non-homogeneous wave equation

In this note we extend the Differential Transfer Matrix Method (DTMM) for a second-order linear ordinary differential equation to the complex plane. This is achieved by separation of real and imaginary parts, and then forming a system of equations having a rank twice the size of the real-valued problem. The method discussed in this paper also successfully removes the problem of dealing with essential singularities, which was present in the earlier formulations. Then we simplify the result for real-valued problems and obtain a new set of basis functions, which may be used instead of the WKB solutions. These basis functions not only satisfy the initial conditions perfectly, but also, may approach the turning points without the divergent behavior, which is observed in WKB solutions. Finally, an analytical transformation in the form of a matrix exponential is presented for improving the accuracy of solutions.Comment: to appear in Proc. SPIE, vol. 861

Intrapreneurship in learning organizations: moderating role of organizational factors

The aim of this paper is to investigate moderating effect of organizational factors in the relationship between learning organization and intrapreneurship. In line of this objective it theoretically explores the nature of intrapreneurship dimensions, the nature of learning organization dimensions, how learning organization can be linked to intrapreneurship, and how organizational factors influence the relationship between learning organization and intrapreneurship. This study would help researchers, practitioners and managers to have a better understanding on the relationship between learning organization and intrapreneurship and the role of organizational factors

Antibiotic resistance pattern of staphylococcus strains isolated from orange and apple juices in Shahre-Kord, Iran

Objective: One of the main routes of transmission of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is through food production. The antibiotics that are used to control diseases are transferred to human through food stuff such as meat, milk, fruit, fruit juices, water and lead to the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria to human populations. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of staphylococcus strains isolated from orange and apple juices in Shahre-Kord, Iran. Methodology: This descriptive-sectional study was carried out on a total of 32 bacterial isolates of staphylococci (4 Staphylococcus aureus strains and 28 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains) isolated from 360 fruit juice samples tested in Shahre-kord. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disc diffusion method and data were analyzed using fishers Z test. Results: Staphylococcus aureus showed 25 resistance to five antibiotics which included tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, amoxicillin, erythromycin and methicillin. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most resistant bacteria to erythromycin. Twenty five percent of the Staphylococcus aureus strains and 64.28 of the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains were resistant to two or more than two of the antibiotics used in this study. Conclusions: The results showed that the vast majority of the bacterial isolates were resistant to one or more than one of the antibiotics studied. It is possible for bacterial resistance to result from food products like fruit juices. Therefore it is necessary to restrict the use of antibiotics and control the production, transportation of fruit juices

Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Buccal Infiltration on the Success of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular First Molars with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Randomized Double-blind Study

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of a buccal infiltration of sodium bicarbonate on the anesthetic success of the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) for mandibular first molars in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. METHODS: One hundred patients diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of a mandibular first molar were selected. The patients randomly received a buccal infiltration injection of either 0.7 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate with 0.3 mL 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine or 0.7 mL sterile distilled water with 0.3 mL 2% lidocaine containing 1:80,000 epinephrine in a double-blind manner. After 15 minutes, all the patients received conventional IANB injection using 3.6 mL 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 epinephrine. Access cavity preparation was initiated 15 minutes after the IANB injection. Lip numbness was a requisite for all the patients. Success was determined as no or mild pain on the basis of Heft-Parker visual analog scale recordings upon access cavity preparation or initial instrumentation. Data were analyzed using the t, chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The success rate after the buccal infiltration of sodium bicarbonate was 78%, whereas without the buccal infiltration of sodium bicarbonate it was 44% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: A buccal infiltration of 0.7 mL 8.4% sodium bicarbonate increased the success rate of IANBs in mandibular first molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

Developments of the Interim Order of the International Court of Justice: From Precaution to Protection, The case of the Gambia v. Myanmar 2020

The International Court of Justice (ICJ), the institution for resolving disputes between states, issues an interim injunction in accordance with its mandate in specific circumstances at the request of each party. It owes its mandate, in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, to the application of international law and the attainment of the purposes of the Charter, where necessary. The issuance of orders and the determination of interim measures are based on the criteria of urgency, necessity, irreparable damage and insane competence. The main question of the present case is how the Court of Justice issued its interim injunction in the case of the application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Gambia v. Myanmar) on 23 January 2020 and what changes in the type of obligations arising from the interim injunctions Created on human rights? By expanding its jurisdiction, the Court has paid more attention to human rights issues and has contributed to the human-centered development of international law. Examining the interim order of the Court in this case, it can be seen that the approach of the Court in issuing an interim order in the field of human rights has changed from a precautionary aspect to a protective aspect

Creating and Developing Learning Organization Dimensions in Educational Settings; Role of Human Resource Development Practitioners

Nowadays, creating and developing learning organization culture is becoming a main subject in the strategic plans of various organizations. In this regards, the purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model to show how human resource development can be lead to creating and developing learning organization dimensions especially in educational settings. Based on existing theoretical and empirical evidence, the study develops and presents a conceptual model of the relationship between human resource development practices and learning organization dimensions. Based on the proposed model, human resource development practices such as delivering new knowledge, creating shared vision, reward and recognition, training, create learning atmosphere, mentoring and coaching program, evaluation and promoting employees’ technical, human and cognitive skills can be linked to learning organization dimensions. It is recommended that the model may help human resource development practitioners to better understand the link between human resource development and learning organization dimensions

Oral Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection for Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusions

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic response of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) to intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) with and without concomitant vitamin D supplementation. Method: Seventy eyes of 68 patients with macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) received three monthly IVB injections. Patients with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) higher than 30 ng/ml were considered as the sufficient group. Cases with serum 25(OH) D levels below 30 ng/ml were randomized into the treatment and control groups. The control group received 50,000 IU of oral vitamin D, weekly for two months. One month after the last IVB injection, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured and compared with the preinjection values. Results: While 43 eyes (61.4%) of 42 patients had BRVO, 27 eyes (38.6%) of 26 patients had CRVO. In BRVO patients, changes of CMT and BCVA were not significantly different between the sufficient, control, and treatment groups (P = 0.58 and 0.64, respectively). In the CRVO group, CMT reduction in the control group was significantly less than the sufficient and treatment groups (P = 0.048). In addition, improvement of BCVA in the control group was significantly less (P = 0.036) than the sufficient and treatment groups. Conclusion: Oral vitamin D supplement therapy may improve anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with CRVO and vitamin D deficiency

An inversion-free method for finding positive definite solution of a rational matrix equation

A new iterative scheme has been constructed for finding minimal solution of a rational matrix equation of the form X + A * X-1 A = I. The new method is inversion-free per computing step. The convergence of the method has been studied and tested via numerical experiments