General Dental Practitioners’ Knowledge about the Emergency Management of Dental Trauma

Introduction: The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess the general dental practitioners (GDPs)’s knowledge regarding the emergency management of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in Isfahan, Iran. Methods and Materials: In this study a two-part questionnaire consisting of 14 questions was distributed among 241 GDPs. Part 1 included seven questions focusing on personal and professional information and part 2 asked questions about seven given cases of dental traumas. One score was dedicated to each correct answer; the total score of 0 to 4 was considered as poor knowledge, while scores 5-8, 9-11 and 12-14 were assigned as moderate, good and excellent knowledge, respectively. The data were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA. Spearman’s and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to determine the associations between the emergency treatment knowledge and dentists’ professional information. Results: With regards to the level of GDP’s knowledge, the mean score was 7.61±2.68 suggesting a moderate score; a total of 177 (73.2%) of the dentists showed a moderate level of knowledge. A significant association was found between the frequency of dental trauma cases that were encountered and treated by GDPs in their daily practice (P=0.004, r=0.2). Conclusion: The overall knowledge of GDPs about the emergency management of TDI in the selected community was moderate

Total myocardial revascularization for situs inversus totalis with dextrocardia: a case report

We report our experience of two patients suffering from severe coronary artery disease and situs inversus totalis with dextrocardia. The surgeon, standing on the right side of the patients, performed coronary artery bypass grafting by harvesting the right internal mammary artery in lieu of the left one

Is preoperative serum creatinine a reliable indicator of outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery?

ObjectiveEvaluating renal function by calculating creatinine clearance as an alternative measure to serum creatinine may give a better estimation of postoperative renal function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.MethodsUsing our database, we conducted a retrospective review of the records of all 11,884 patients aged 21 years or older undergoing pure bypass grafting who required cardiopulmonary bypass. Preoperative renal function was categorized as normal renal function (serum creatinine ≤1.1 mg/dL and creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min), occult renal insufficiency (serum creatinine ≤ 1.1 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min), mild renal insufficiency (1.1 mg/dL < serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min) or moderate renal insufficiency (serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL and creatinine clearance ≤ 60 mL/min).ResultsOut of 11,884 patients in the sample, 7856 (66.1%) had normal renal function, and 706 (5.9%) had occult renal insufficiency. The rate of postoperative mortality, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, prolonged ventilation, intra-aortic balloon pump usage, and prolonged hospital stay (>7 days) was higher in patients with occult renal insufficiency than in the normal group in univariable analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated that patients with occult renal insufficiency compared with the group with normal renal function were at higher risk for mortality (odds ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval 1.15–5.86; P = .022) and prolonged hospital stay (>7 d) (odds ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.57; P = .005).ConclusionsTo identify higher-risk patients requiring special intensive care, and in whom new interventions can be performed to improve outcome, we recommend the preoperative calculation of creatinine clearance, especially in older women with a lower body mass index

Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among Adult Residents of Tehran: The Tehran Cohort Study.

Background High levels of blood pressure (BP) remain undetected and poorly controlled in large segments of the population leading to an enormous burden in terms of disease and mortality. Objective We aimed to assess the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Tehran. Methods We used the data of 8,296 adults aged ≥35 years from the Tehran Cohort Study who were enrolled between May 2016 and February 2019. Hypertension was defined as systolic BP ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, self-report, and/or current antihypertensive medication use. The age- and sex-weighted prevalence of hypertension and high normal BP was calculated using the 2016 national census. Furthermore, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were analyzed. Results The mean age of the participants was 53.8 ±12.75 years, and 54.0% were women. The weighted prevalence of hypertension and high normal BP were 36.5% and 12.2%, respectively. Among hypertensive individuals, 68.2% were aware of hypertension, 53.3% were receiving medication, and 40.4% had adequate BP control. The awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension were significantly higher in women (72.2% vs. 63.4% [P < 0.001], 55.1% vs 51.1% [P = 0.020], and 42.7% vs. 37.7% [P = 0.004], respectively) and this gap considerably increased with advancing age. Hypertension was more prevalent in northern Tehran but with a better treatment rate and control in the same regions. Conclusion Despite the high prevalence of hypertension in the adult population of Tehran, the rates of awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension are unsatisfactory and demand comprehensive strategies to improve this situation, especially in younger men

Investigating the Effect of Compensation on Individual Performance: A Study on the Mediating Role of Internal Motivation and the Moderating Role of Self-efficacy and Reward Expectancy

Objective: Compensation is the most important part of the employment relationship and is, of course, one of the heaviest costs of any organization. Human resource managers as well as management theorists have always sought to answer the question of how compensation for services affects people's performance. This research has been conducted to explain the relationship between service compensation and individual performance in response to this fundamental question. Methods: This research was carried out using hierarchical regression method - based on real salary information. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 1950 employees of Mellat Bank throughout the country. Results: The results of this study indicate that the effects of pay for performance on employee performance are higher than fixed payments. In addition, self-success and the expectation of receiving rewards in the relationship between performance-based pay and individual performance play a moderating role. Also, based on the results of hierarchical regression, the mediating role of internal motivation in the relationship between payment and individual performance was not confirmed. Conclusion: The relationship between payment and performance is positive and significant, and the effect of pay for performance on individual performance is more than base-pay. Self-efficacy also has a moderating role in the relationship between performance pay and individual performance. This is a major consequence of the pay structure of the banking industry in Iran (and of course most of the Iranian organizations)

Predictors and Early Outcome of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation in Contemporary Heart valve Surgery

Background: During last decades mechanical ventilation has been an important support in the postoperative management of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study was designed to determine the predictors of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) in patients undergoing heart valve surgery. Methods: This retrospective study considered of 1056 patients who underwent isolated valve surgery at Tehran Heart Center from March 2002 to March 2009. PMV is considered as mechanical ventilation period of ≥24 hours at postoperative hospital stay in this study. Results: PMV occurred in 6.6% of patients. Initial ventilation hours, atrial fibrillation, cardiac arrest and reintubation were the most prevalent postoperative complications. Preoperative renal failure, postoperative stroke, intra aortic balloon pump insertion, emergent operation, complete heart block, longer perfusion time were independent predictors of PMV in our patients. Conclusion: PMV is associated with significant comorbidities and increased hospital mortality. Strategies to delineate the patients at risk and to modify these risk factors by prophylactic measures should probably lead to a lower incidence of prolonged mechanical ventilation for patients undergoing isolated valve surgery

Comparison of acid–base and electrolyte imbalances between normal saline and 1.4% sodium bicarbonate intravenous fluids therapy during cervical and lumbar laminectomy

peer reviewedIntroduction Large amounts of normal saline infused in surgeries can cause hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Aim This study was designed to evaluate electrolyte and acid–base imbalances in the common fluid therapy method (normal saline) and the use of 1.4% sodium bicarbonate with normal saline fluid therapy during surgical laminectomy. Material and methods In this double-blind randomized clinical trial patients from 35 to 70 years in age, having American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class I–II, candidation for cervical and lumbar laminectomy in Baqiyatallah Hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2015 were enrolled. Patients were randomized into either two groups receiving 1.4% sodium bicarbonate and normal saline intravenous solutions for deficit fluid therapy during the surgery. Hemodynamics, arterial blood gases, and electrolytes levels were measured before and after surgery. Data were compared between the groups by SPSS. Results and discussion Forty patients with a mean age of 49.9 ± 12.7 years were evaluated. There were no significant differences in demographic data, mean surgery duration, blood loss, urine output, and infused fluid volumes between the two groups (P > 0.05). The mean PCO2 and HCO3 values significantly increased in the bicarbonate group, whereas they decreased significantly in the normal saline group. The mean serum lactate increased significantly in the bicarbonate group while the mean serum Cl− increased significantly in the normal saline group (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study showed the superiority of 1.4% sodium bicarbonate fluid in controlling acid–base and electrolyte imbalances during this kind of surgery, but it should be verified by further studies

Early outcome of off-pump versus on-pump coronary revascularization

Introduction: The use of coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or without CPB technique (off-pump) can be associated with different mortality and morbidity and their outcomes remain uncertain. The goal of this study was to evaluate the early outcome of on-pump versus off-pump CABG. Methods: We conducted a retrospective database review of 13866 patients (13560 patients undergoing onpump CABG and 306 patients undergoing off-pump CABG) at Tehran Heart Center between January 2002 and January 2007. We compared preoperative, operative, and postoperative  characteristics between them. Results: In-hospital mortality in the on-pump group was 0.8% compared to 0.7% in the off-pump group (P=0.999) and in-hospital morbidity was 11.7% and 6.5%, respectively  (OR: 1.533, 95%CI: 0.902-2.605, P=0.114). Postoperative atrial fibrillation was more prevalent in on-pump versus off-pump surgery (6.0% vs 3.0%, P=0.028), however there were no statistical significant differences in other postoperative   complications with regard to cardiac arrest (P=0.733), prolonged ventilation (P=0.363), brain stroke   (P=0.999), renal failure (P=0.525), and postoperative bleeding (P=0.999). The mean length of stay in hospital (P=0.156) and in ICU (P=0.498) was also similar between the two groups.Conclusion: The results from an Iranian population-based study showed similar early mortality and morbidity of off-pump CABG in comparison to on-pump surgery.Key words: Coronary artery bypass grafting, Off-pump, Cardiopulmonary bypass, Outcom

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus among the adult residents of tehran: Tehran Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased in the past decades. We investigated the prevalence of diabetes and its awareness, treatment, and control among adult residents of Tehran. METHODS We used the recruitment phase data of the Tehran Cohort study, enrolling a random sample of adult residents of Tehran aged ≥35 years. Diabetes was defined as self-report, current use of glucose-lowering medications, and/or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥126mg/dl. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was defined as an FPG of 100-125mg/dl. Awareness was defined as diabetes self-report, treatment as receiving glucose-lowering medications, and glycemic control as FPG <126mg/dl. The age- and sex-weighted estimates were calculated using the 2016 national census. Logistic regression models were used to determine the factors associated with diabetes awareness, treatment, and control. RESULTS A total of 8151 participants were included. Age- and sex-weighted prevalence of diabetes mellitus and IFG were 16.7% (95% CI: 15.1-18.4) and 25.1% (95% CI: 23.1-27.1), respectively. Diabetes was more prevalent in the eastern and central districts of Tehran. Advanced age (OR per 1-year increase: 1.026, 95% CI: 1.021-1.030), male sex (OR: 1.716, 95% CI: 1.543-1.909), higher BMI levels (OR for BMI ≥35 vs. <20 kg/m2: 4.852, 95% CI: 3.365-6.998), pre-existing hypertension (OR: 1.552, 95% CI: 1.378-1.747), dyslipidemia (OR: 1.692, 95% CI: 1.521-1.883), and chronic kidney disease (OR: 1.650, 95% CI: 1.019-2.673) were associated with an increased odds of diabetes mellitus. On the contrary, diabetes mellitus was less likely in current tobacco (OR: 0.872, 95% CI: 0.765-0.994) and alcohol users (OR: 0.836, 95% CI: 0.703-0.994) compared to non-users. Among diabetic individuals, 82.8% were aware of their condition, 71.9% received treatment, and 31.7% of treated patients had adequate glycemic control. Advanced age and pre-existing comorbidities, including hypertension and dyslipidemia, were associated with higher diabetes awareness and treatment. Furthermore, advanced age, higher levels of education, and female sex were determinants of better glycemic control among treated diabetic participants. CONCLUSION There is a high prevalence of diabetes and IFG among adult residents of Tehran. Additionally, more than two-thirds of treated diabetics living in Tehran remain uncontrolled

Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia presenting with multiple arteriovenous thromboses: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis, albeit rare, is a severe side effect of heparin exposure. It can occur within one month after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with manifestation of different thrombotic events.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 59-year-old man presented with weakness, malaise, bilateral lower limb pitting edema and a suspected diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis 18 days after CABG. Heparin infusion was administered as an anticoagulant. Clinical and paraclinical work-up revealed multiple thrombotic events (stroke, renal failure, deep vein thrombosis, large clots in heart chambers) and 48 ×10³/μl platelet count, whereupon heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was suspected. Heparin was discontinued immediately and an alternative anticoagulant agent was administered, as a result of which platelet count recovered. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which causes thrombosis, is a serious side effect of heparin therapy. It is worthy of note that no case of delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis associated with cardiopulmonary bypass surgery has thus far been reported in Iran.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Delayed-onset heparin-induced thrombocytopenia should be suspected in any patient presenting with arterial or venous thromboembolic disorders after recent heparin therapy, even though the heparin exposure dates back to more than a week prior to presentation; and it should be ruled-out before the initiation of heparin therapy.</p