IN-VITRO THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HERBAL ANTI-ARTHEROSCLEROSIS FORMULATION

In recent study, the Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation comprising of Lemon, Garlic, Ginger and Apple fruit extract vinegar have been generally recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other metabolic ailments, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes and cholesterol bringing down impact. Accordingly, the present study was intended to investigate thrombolytic properties of Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation. Natural Antiatherosclerosis Formulation of demonstrated exceptionally huge (P <0.001) clot lytic properties in different blood samples. The percent clot lytic activity was compared with negative control (water) and standard enzyme positive control (streptokinase). The mean % of clot lysis for water and streptokinase was discovered 4.71% and 86.21% individually. Then again the mean percent clot lytic activity of Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation was discovered 29.51%, which is huge contrast and the positive and negative control. The present research recommends that Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation has significant thrombolytic action. Consequently the detailing may be a wellspring of powerful natural medication

IN-VITRO THROMBOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF HERBAL ANTI-ARTHEROSCLEROSIS FORMULATION

In recent study, the Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation comprising of Lemon, Garlic, Ginger and Apple fruit extract vinegar have been generally recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other metabolic ailments, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes and cholesterol bringing down impact. Accordingly, the present study was intended to investigate thrombolytic properties of Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation. Natural Antiatherosclerosis Formulation of demonstrated exceptionally huge (P <0.001) clot lytic properties in different blood samples. The percent clot lytic activity was compared with negative control (water) and standard enzyme positive control (streptokinase). The mean % of clot lysis for water and streptokinase was discovered 4.71% and 86.21% individually. Then again the mean percent clot lytic activity of Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation was discovered 29.51%, which is huge contrast and the positive and negative control. The present research recommends that Herbal Anti-atherosclerosis Formulation has significant thrombolytic action. Consequently the detailing may be a wellspring of powerful natural medication

Anti-Glycemic and Anti-Hepatotoxic Effects of Mangosteen Vinegar Rind from Garcinia mangostana Against HFD/STZ-Induced Type II Diabetes in Mice

This study focuses on anti-glycemic and anti-hepatotoxic effects of mangosteen vinegar rind (MVR) on five weeks high-fat diet (HFD) / single dose streptozotocin (STZ) 30 mg/kg BW induced male ICR diabetic mice. Mice were randomly divided into five groups (n=6), normal control, diabetic control, and diabetic groups treated with MVR 100, 200 mg/kg BW and glibenclamide 60 mg/kg BW for one week. After the treatment, lipid profile, glycogen and bilirubin contents, oxidative damage (malondialdehyde, MDA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) were measured in plasma and/or liver tissues. MVR and glibenclamide treatment to HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice significantly reduced their plasma glucose, plasma lipid profile, and hepatic lipid profile (P<0.05). Increased hepatic glycogen content indicates improvement of insulin sensitivity. Moreover, oxidative damage markers were ameliorated in MVR- and glibenclamide-treated groups compared to the diabetic control group. MVR with phenolic compounds content of 75 mg GAE/g dry weight and antioxidant potential of 303 mmol/L Trolox/g dry weight acted as a hepatoprotective agent against oxidative damage

Mulberry Anthocyanins Ameliorate DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Modulating Gut Microbiota

Mulberry has attracted wide attention due to its substantial nutritional values. This work first studied the protective effect of mulberry anthocyanins (MAS) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice experiment was designed as four groups including normal mice (Control), dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-fed mice, and DSS plus 100 mg/kg·bw MAS-fed mice (LMAS-DSS) or DSS plus 200 mg/kg·bw MAS-fed mice (HMAS-DSS). Mice were given MAS by gavage for 1 week, and then DSS was added to the drinking water for 7 days. MAS was administered for a total of 17 days. The results showed that oral gavage of MAS reduced the disease activity index (DAI), prevented colon shortening, attenuated colon tissue damage and inflammatory response, suppressed colonic oxidative stress and restored the protein expression of intestinal tight junction (TJ) protein (ZO-1, occludin and claudin-3) in mice with DSS-induced colitis. In addition, analysis of 16S rRNA amplicon sequences showed that MAS reduced the DSS-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, including a reduction in Escherichia-Shigella, an increase in Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae and Allobaculum. Collectively, MAS alleviates DSS-induced colitis by maintaining the intestinal barrier, modulating inflammatory cytokines, and improving the microbial community

Curcumin Suppresses Lead-Induced Inflammation and Memory Loss in Mouse Model and In Silico Molecular Docking

This study examined the efficacy of curcumin (Cur) against lead (Pb)-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction. Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice received Pb (II) acetate in drinking water (1%) with or without Cur via oral gavage. Blood and brain tissues were collected for investigation. Pb increased the inflammatory markers and oxidative parameters, which were ameliorated by Cur administration. Cur treatment also improved memory loss, learning deficit, and cholinergic dysfunction via elevating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymatic activity and protein expression. In silico molecular docking supported the results; Cur had a potent binding affinity for AChE receptors, tumor necrosis factor-&alpha; (TNF-&alpha;), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphorylations of I&kappa;B kinase (IKK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38). According to the chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profile, Cur could serve as a potential candidate for Pb detoxication substance via exerting antioxidant activity. Taken together, our results suggest that Cur is a natural compound that could be used for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders via suppressing lead-induced neurotoxicity

Pelargonidin-3-O-Glucoside Encapsulated Pectin-Chitosan-Nanoliposomes Recovers Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocytes Injury

Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pg) is a well-known anthocyanin derivative possessing potential biological activity. Nonetheless, the bioactivity of Pg is limited due to instability in the physiological environment. Functionalized nanoliposomes using chitosan and/or pectin coating is an excellent carrier system for nanoencapsulation of food bioactive compounds such as Pg. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Pg-loaded pectin&ndash;chitosan coated nanoliposomes against palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocytes injury in L02 cells. Firstly, Pg-loaded pectin&ndash;chitosan coated nanoliposomes were characterized using the DLS, HPLC, TEM, and cellular uptake study in L02 cells. Thereafter, we assayed the protective effect against PA-induced lipotoxicity, ROS and O2&bull;&minus; generation, mitochondrial dysfunction (MMP), and GSH depletion. Results showed that Pg-loaded nanoliposomes significantly reduced the PA-induced L02 cells toxicity via suppressing ROS production, O2&bull;&minus; generation, MMP collapse, and GSH reduction, whereas the free-Pg samples were not effective. On the contrary, the chitosan and/or pectin coated nanoliposomes showed higher results compared to coating-free nanoliposomes. Altogether, the results of our study ensured that Pg-loaded pectin&ndash;chitosan coated nanoliposomes was capable of reducing PA-induced hepatocytes injury. Thus, pectin&ndash;chitosan coated nanoliposomes can be useful for hepatocellular delivery of hydrophilic compounds with greater biological activity

Pelargonidin-<i>3</i>-<i>O</i>-Glucoside Encapsulated Pectin-Chitosan-Nanoliposomes Recovers Palmitic Acid-Induced Hepatocytes Injury

Pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside (Pg) is a well-known anthocyanin derivative possessing potential biological activity. Nonetheless, the bioactivity of Pg is limited due to instability in the physiological environment. Functionalized nanoliposomes using chitosan and/or pectin coating is an excellent carrier system for nanoencapsulation of food bioactive compounds such as Pg. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes against palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatocytes injury in L02 cells. Firstly, Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes were characterized using the DLS, HPLC, TEM, and cellular uptake study in L02 cells. Thereafter, we assayed the protective effect against PA-induced lipotoxicity, ROS and O2•− generation, mitochondrial dysfunction (MMP), and GSH depletion. Results showed that Pg-loaded nanoliposomes significantly reduced the PA-induced L02 cells toxicity via suppressing ROS production, O2•− generation, MMP collapse, and GSH reduction, whereas the free-Pg samples were not effective. On the contrary, the chitosan and/or pectin coated nanoliposomes showed higher results compared to coating-free nanoliposomes. Altogether, the results of our study ensured that Pg-loaded pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes was capable of reducing PA-induced hepatocytes injury. Thus, pectin–chitosan coated nanoliposomes can be useful for hepatocellular delivery of hydrophilic compounds with greater biological activity

Transcriptomic Analysis of Root Restriction Effects on the Primary Metabolites during Grape Berry Development and Ripening

Root restriction (RR) has been reported to enhance grape berry quality in diverse aspects of grape life. In this study, RR-induced increases in the main primary metabolites in the grape berry and the expression of their related genes were studied at different developmental stages. Mainly the transcriptomic and metabolomic level were analyzed using ‘Summer Black’ grape berry as a material. The main results were as follows: A total of 11 transcripts involved in the primary metabolic pathways were significantly changed by the RR treatment. Metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, amino acids, starch, pectin, and cellulose were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed along with their metabolic pathways. Sucrose synthase (VIT_07s0005g00750, VIT_11s0016g00470) and sucrose phosphate synthase (VIT_18s0089g00410) were inferred to play critical roles in the accumulation of starch, sucrose, glucose, and fructose, which was induced by the RR treatment. RR treatment also promoted the malic acid and tartaric acid accumulation in the young berry. In addition, the grape berries after the RR treatment tended to have lower pectin and cellulose content