Learning with Technology: The impact on teaching and learning using digital technology (SMARTBOARD) in the classrooms

This research was devoted to gaining information on teachers? use of technology, specifically SMARTBOARD technology, for teaching and promoting learning in the classroom. Research has suggested that use of technology can enhance learning and classroom practices. This has resulted in administrators encouraging the use of SMARTBOARDS, installing them in classrooms and providing training and support for teachers to use this technology. Adoption of new technology, however, is not simple. It is even more challenging because making the best use of new technologies requires more than training; it requires a paradigm shift in teachers? pedagogical approach. Thus, while it may be reasonable to believe that all we need to do is show teachers the benefits of using the SMARTBOARD; research tells us that changing paradigms is difficult for a variety of reasons. This research had two main objectives. First, to discover what factors might positively or negatively affect teachers? decisions to take up this technology. Second, to investigate how the SMARTBOARD is used by teachers who have embraced it and how this impacts participation in classrooms. The project was divided into two parts; the first was a survey research (Part 1), and the second was an ethnographic study (Part 2). A thirty-nine item questionnaire was designed to obtain information on teachers? use of technology and the SMARTBOARD. The questionnaire was distributed to fifty teachers at two EMSB schools: James Lyng Adult Centre (JLAC) and the High School of Montreal (HSM). Part 2 was an ethnographic qualitative study of two classes (Class A, Class B) at JLAC. Class A was taught by a male teacher, an early-adopter of technology and a high-level user of the SMARTBOARD; Class B was taught by a female teacher who was more traditional and a low-level user. These teachers were selected because they had similar years of experience and general competence in their subject matter but differed in their use of the technology. The enrollment in Class A and Class B were twenty-three and twenty-four adult students, respectively. Each class was observed for 90 minutes on three consecutive days in April 2010. Data collection consisted of videotapes of the entire period, and observational field notes with a graphical recording of participatory actions. Information from the graphical recording was converted to sociograms, a graphic representation of social links among individuals involved in joint action. The sociogram data was tabulated as quantified data. The survey results suggest that although most teachers are interested in and use some form of technology in their teaching, there is a tendency for factors of gender and years of experience to influence the use of and opinions on using technology. A Chi Square analysis of the data revealed (a) a significant difference (2 = 6.031, p 6 years). All other items from the survey data produced no statistical difference. General trends show that (a) male teachers are more willing to say yes to using the SMARTBOARD compared to female teachers, and (b) teachers with less teaching experience were more likely to have positive opinions about using the SMARTBOARD compared to teachers with more experience. The ethnographic study results showed differences in students? response patterns in the two classrooms. Even though both teachers are experienced and competent, Teacher A elicited more participation from his students than Teacher B. This was so partly because he used the SMARTBOARD to present visual materials that the students could easily respond to. By comparison, Teacher B used traditional media or methods to present most of her course material. While these methods also used visual materials, students were not able to easily relate to these smaller, static images and did not readily engage with the material. This research demonstrates a generally positive attitude by teachers towards use of the SMARTBOARD and a generally positive role of this technology in enhancing students? learning and engagement in the classroom. However, there are many issues related to the SMARTBOARD use that still need to be examined. A particular point is whether teachers feel adequately trained to integrate SMARTBOARD technology into their curricula. And, whether the gender difference revealed is related to other factors like a need for more support, other responsibilities, or a general sense of anxiety when it comes to technology. Greater opportunity for training and ongoing support may be one way to increase teacher use of the SMARTBOARD; particularly for teachers with more experience (>6 years) and possibly also for female teachers

Apprendre avec la technologie : l'impact sur l'enseignement et l'apprentissage de l'utilisation de la technologie numérique (SMARTBOARD) dans les classes

This research was devoted to gaining information on teachers' use of technology, specifically SMARTBOARD technology, for teaching and promoting learning in the classroom. This research had two main objectives. First, to discover what factors might positively or negatively affect teachers' decisions to take up this technology. Second, to investigate how the SMARTBOARD is used by teachers who have embraced it and how this impacts participation in classrooms. The project was divided into two parts; the first was a survey research (Part 1), and the second was an ethnographic study (Part 2).||Résumé:Cette recherche a été consacrée à la collecte d'information à propos de l'utilisation de la technologie par les enseignants, spécifiquement la technologie numérique SMARTBOARD, pour l'enseignement et la promotion de l'apprentissage. Cette recherche avait deux objectifs principaux. Tout d'abord, pour découvrir quels sont les facteurs pouvant affecter positivement ou négativement la décision des enseignants d'adopter cette technologie. En second lieu, afin d'étudier comment le SMARTBOARD est utilisé par des enseignants qui l'ont adopté et comment cette utilisation influe la participation dans leurs salles de classe. Ces études ont été menées dans deux établissements affiliés à la Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSEM). Ce programme est axée sur les apprenants adultes, dont la plupart sont des nouveaux immigrants ayant de l'expérience à titre de professionnels dans leur pays d'origine, mais incapable de communiqueer en anglais. Ce projet de recherche a été divisé en deux parties. La première était une enquête (partie 1), et la seconde était une étude ethnographique (partie 2)

Corruption Crime in Lending to the Government Banks: A Challenge in Criminal Law

Banks provide a substantial proportion of external finance to corporations around the globe. Non-Performing Loans (NPL) occur if the bank's confidence through a credit breaker, which is institutional in nature, is not realized that (prospective) debtors are able to repay loans and interest, after the loan or when loan is given. Type of the research is a normative legal research (doctrinal research). The results of the research show that in terms of analyzing credit applications from prospective debtors, Bank Officials must always apply the Directors' Decree regarding the Credit Guidebook. As it turns out in practice, however, it has certain weaknesses, particularly in view of the accountability and legitimacy aspects of its establishment. Hence, widespread expansion in credit, causing banks to provide convenience and caution in the process of granting credit to debtors, by not applying strictly the prudential banking principles when analyzing the credit requested. The effort that must be made by government banks in lending is by applying the prudent principle and the principles of good governance to avoid risks in returning credit from creditors. Immediately resolve and enforce statutory provisions concerning restrictions on currency transactions, to avoid misuse of the authority of bank officials in lending to debtors. Keywords: Bank; Corruption Crime; Criminal Law; Credi

Pemakaian Antibiotika Pada Pengobatan TifoidPasien Rawat Inap Dewasa Di Satu Rumah Sakit UmumDan Rumah Sakit Swasta Di Jawa Tengah Tahun 2002

ABSTRACT Thyphoid is still endemic disease in Indonesia and the critical issue is antibiotic usage for thyphoid therapy. The study was conducted in one of governmental and private hospital in Central Java in 2002 and the aim of the research was to describe antibiotic usage. The study was done by using non experimental design and retrospective methods. Medical records as source of data was analysed using non analytical descriptive compared with therapeutics standard from National Medical Association. The result shown there were polypharmacy in antibiotic usage in governmental hospital 44.2% and 24.6% in private hospital respectively. Antibiotic that was inappropriate for thyphoid used in both hospital were gentamicyne, amikacyne, metronidazole and limkomycine. Keywords: thypoid, antibiotic, polypharmac

Maternal risk factors and short term outcome of prematurity: A descriptive study at a secondary care hospital

Background: Approximately 15 million babies are born premature (before 37 weeks of gestation) and 1 million babies die due to prematurity complications every year. Less is known about risk factors of prematurity in middle and low-income countries. The prevalence of prematurity ranges from 5% - 18%. Objective: To determine the prevalence of premature births and to assess the rate of survival, along with the morbidity, among preterm newborns. Furthermore, to document our experience with different gestational age groups of preterm births; and to analyze the association among these strata and their clinical outcomes. Study Design: A descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The Aga Khan Maternal and Childcare Centre Hyderabad, Pakistan, from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: All pregnant women registered at the obstetric clinic before 24 weeks of gestation having at least three subsequent visits at the same clinic were included in the study. The women who were lost to follow up before completing three visits were excluded from the study. All un-booked women were also excluded from the study. Demographic profile was recorded including maternal age, parity, no of visits at the clinic, gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight and pregnancy outcome. Newborns were subsequently followed at nursery or well-baby till discharge. Further subgroups were made for gestational age to assess the frequency of various morbidities in each group. Results: One thousand and ninety-one (1091) women were included in the study period that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Two pregnancies were terminated before 24 weeks due to major congenital malformations. The prevalence of prematurity was recorded as 13.4% (146/1089). Perinatal mortality rate (no of stillbirths plus the number of early neonatal death/1000 live birth) was 17 (15.6/1000 live births) out of them, 12 were still births and 5 were early neonatal death. Out of the total preterm babies born, 59.5% (87/146) were admitted to the nursery. In the study group (2%/3146) were extreme preterm, while 7.5% were severe preterm (11/146). Moderate preterm was 11.6% (17/146) and the majority were late preterm accounting for 78.7% (115/146). Though the incidence of birth asphyxia were noted more in late preterm babies i.e. 10 as the number of these babies are also high in our study but the overall percentage was low (8.7%) as compared with the babies of extreme prematurity (100%) and moderate late prematurity (23.5%) respectively. In pregnancy outcome, 12 were still births in which six (50%) were in the late preterm group. Total of 17 newborns suffered from birth asphyxia in which ten newborns (58.8%) were in late preterm group. Overall, it was noted that the decreasing gestational age was directly correlated to morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Among the different strata, the late preterm group has been observed to be associated with greater morbidity and mortality. Prior awareness of the morbidities associated with late preterm babies is helpful for the health care providers to anticipate and manage potential complications in preterm infants

PENGEMBANGAN VARIASI OLAHAN BUAH NAGA MERAH MENJADI PRODUK PANGAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEJAHTERAAN PETANI KARANG JOANG

AbstrakPengolahan buah naga merah untuk dijadikan produk pangan saat ini sudah dilaksanakan oleh kelompok tani warga Karang Joang RT 19 KM 12 Balikpapan Utara, akan tetapi produk pangan yang dihasilkan belum bervariasi. produksi belum dapat dilakukan setiap hari, hanya pada waktu-waktu tertentu. Kelompok tani memiliki keinginanuntuk mengolah buah naga menjadi produk olahan untuk mengatasi agar tidak mengalami kerugian akibat buah yang tidak terjual, akan tetapi salah satu kendala yang dihadapi adalah pengetahuan yang terbatas. Mereka belum memiliki pengetahuan cara pengolahan buah naga yang lebih bervariasi.Berdasarkan hasil observasi permasalahan mitra pada kelompok tani warna Karang Joang RT 19 dapat diidentifikasi sebagai berikut: 1) Bagaimana menambah variasi olahan buah naga untuk dapat menambah nilai ekonomi dan daya tahan simpan dalam bentuk produk sesuai dengan permintaan pasar saat ini, 2) Bagaimana memberikan produk olahan buah naga kepada konsumen dengan pengemasan dan labbeling yang tepat.Solusi yang ditawarkan berdasarkan uraian permasalahan mitra yang sedang dihadap diantaranya yaitu: 1) Pelatihan ketrampilan tekniks pengembangan pengolahan produk buah naga, 2) Pelatihan pengemasan dan labbeling produk olahan buah naga.Â

Postdischarge 24/7 hotline service for neurology and neurosurgery patients and 1-year impact on readmission rates, unplanned emergency department visits, and patient satisfaction

Objective: Telephone triage is a system in which trained nurses use standardized protocols to evaluate symptoms over the phone and determine the appropriate course of action.Materials and methods: We implemented a protocol for systematic follow up phone calls and telephonic triage to families of neurology and neurosurgery patients after discharge, primarily to improve care transition and to assess its impact on the ratio of visits in the emergency department, readmissions, and overall satisfaction of patients and families. The intervention comprised the implementation of nurse led telephone triage and postdischarge follow up phone calls. After implementing hotline services in mind and brain service line, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the impact of hotline services on patient readmissions, emergency department visits, and overall satisfaction rate. We collected data of readmission rate and emergency visits of discharge patients in three periods a prehotline period, immediate posthotline period, and late posthotline period to make comparison. Patients discharged home from the neurology and neurosurgery services from January 2017 to September 2019 were provided with hotline number to call in case of any issue or query. These patients also received postdischarge follow up calls from hotline nurses. We initiated the hotline in October 2017.Results: On analysis, we found a 25% decline in readmission rate in the immediate period of hotline followed by a further decline to 37.2% in the late period as compared to the prehotline period. Among discharge patients visiting the emergency department, we found a decline of 18.5% in the immediate posthotline period which further declined to 77.7% in the later phase as compared to the prehotline period.Conclusion: A standardized telephone system and pathway can be an effective way to improve nurse-patient communication which can further improve health outcomes for many patients

Childhood-Onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a cohort study

Objective: To determine the clinical and immunological characteristics and short-term outcome of children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Study Design: A descriptive cohort study.Place and Duration of Study: Paediatric Rheumatology Clinic, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2011 to December 2015.Methodology: Clinical and immunological profile and short-term outcome of children less than 16 years of age admitted in the paediatric ward, with the diagnosis of SLE was studied. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory findings, immunological profile and treatment regimens of these children were evaluated.Results: Thirty-two children, satisfying the criteria of American College of Rheumatology (ACR) for SLE, were enrolled during the study period of five consecutive years. A female predominance was observed with 28 (87.5%) patients being female (F:M 7:1). Mean age at symptom onset was 10.5 +2.7 years; and 8.8 +2.1 years in females and males, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.3 +2.8 years in females and 9.4 +1.9 years in males. Prolonged fever was the most common non-specific symptom found in 27 (84%), followed by pallor in 13 (41%) patients. Twenty-two (69%) children were found to be anemic and 18 patients (56%) having signs of arthritis at presentation. Renal involvement was observed in 15 (47%) patients. The most common laboratory finding was anemia, found in 22 (69%) of cases. The most common immunological markers were serum anti-neutrophil antibodies (ANA), positive in 28 (88%) patients, followed by anti double-stranded DNA antibodies, raised in 26 (81%) of cases. Out of 32, 12 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 20 children who were followed for four years, ten (50%) went into remission.Conclusion: Childhood-onset SLE encompasses a wide variety of manifestations with a female preponderance. Fever, arthralgia and pallor are the most frequent clinical manifestations among the children. Hemolytic anemia (HA) is the most common laboratory abnormality, with ANA and anti ds-DNA antibodies positivity in the majority of padiatric patients