Knowledge and attitudes of Cearenses primiparous about benefits of breastfeeding

Introducción: Los beneficios de la lactancia materna para la madre y el hijo son indiscutibles, tanto en los aspectos psicológicos como fisiológicos. Este estudio fue diseñado con el objetivo de analizar el conocimiento de las mujeres acerca de la lactancia materna, en el período posparto. Metodología: Este estudio es del tipo descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo. La muestra consistió en 46 puérperas, en el período posparto. Para la recopilación de datos, fue utilizado un cuestionario semiestructurado con preguntas abiertas acerca del conocimiento de las madres en la etapa posparto en lactancia materna. Resultados: El conocimiento de las madres en este contexto es precario. Informaciones acerca de la lactancia materna no hacen parte de sus conocimientos, y, si saben algo del tema, todavía no están seguras para hacerlo de forma correcta, tampoco si encuentran a algunos obstáculos que puedan surgir en la práctica de la lactancia materna. Es claro que la ejecución de las instrucciones de acuerdo con las directrices es más imperante entre aquellas que tienen apoyo de terceros, donde las madres adquieren más conocimiento y reciben ayuda para superar a los problemas, como dijeron algunas de las entrevistadas. Un promedio importante de las mujeres (21%) considera que el trabajo es algo que define la realización de la lactancia materna exclusiva (LME). Conclusión: Con esto, es necesario promocionar un mejor acceso a las directrices, así como un mejor acceso de las madres hacia los conocimientos básicos sobre la lactancia materna, implementar nuevas políticas de salud sobre Lactancia Materna Exclusiva, para que sean más eficaces.Introduction: The benefits of breastfeeding for the mother and child are indisputable, both psychological and physiological aspects. This study was designed to analyze the knowledge about breastfeeding postpartum. Methods: This study is an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative approach. The convenience sample consisted of 46 postpartum women, who were in the postpartum period. A semi-structured questionnaire with open questions about the breastfeeding knowledge postpartum was used as an instrument for data collection. Results It was found through this study that the understanding of the mothers in this context is precarious. Information on breastfeeding often does not reach the ideal and when it arrives to a high level is not enough to make them safer to cope with possible problems that arise during breastfeeding; one realizes that the guidelines in rooming are absorbed and related provision for breastfeeding, as evidenced in most reports. A significant proportion of women (21%) consider the work a deterrent factor for exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Changes are necessary to enrich by knowing better the guidelines and providing incentives, deployment or renovation of more effective breastfeeding health policies

Doença do refluxo gastroesofágico - aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e manejo terapêutico

A Doença do Refluxo Gastroesofágico (DRGE) é uma condição crônica caracterizada pelo refluxo de ácido gástrico para o esôfago, resultando em sintomas e complicações significativas. Quanto à etiologia, a DRGE envolve uma combinação de fatores, como relaxamento inadequado do esfíncter esofágico inferior (EEI), hérnia de hiato, diminuição da motilidade esofágica, aumento da pressão abdominal, dieta inadequada e tabagismo. A prevalência da DRGE tem aumentado nas últimas décadas, afetando significativamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A fisiopatologia da DRGE envolve o refluxo repetitivo de ácido gástrico para o esôfago, resultando em inflamação crônica da mucosa esofágica. Isso pode levar a complicações como esôfago de Barrett, adenocarcinoma esofágico, esofagite de refluxo e estenose esofágica. Quanto às manifestações clínicas, incluem azia, regurgitação ácida, dor torácica, disfagia, tosse crônica e rouquidão. O diagnóstico da DRGE é baseado na avaliação clínica, juntamente com exames complementares, como endoscopia digestiva alta (EDA) e pHmetria esofágica. Já a abordagem terapêutica tem como objetivo aliviar os sintomas, promover a cicatrização da mucosa esofágica lesionada, prevenir complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. A abordagem farmacológica utiliza medicamentos, como inibidores da bomba de prótons (IBPs), que reduzem a produção de ácido gástrico, e medicamentos para alívio dos sintomas, como antiácidos e bloqueadores h2, além de intervenções não farmacológica, como o sistema stretta, fundoplicatura sem incisão transoral, endogrampeador cirúrgico ultrassônico medigus e mucosectomia anti-refluxo. Além disso, as complicações da DRGE podem variar desde esofagite erosiva, úlceras esofágicas, estenose esofágica até o desenvolvimento de esôfago de Barrett e adenocarcinoma esofágico. O acompanhamento regular, a monitorização endoscópica e a intervenção cirúrgica podem ser necessários para gerenciar essas complicações e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The influence of the surgical operating microscope in locating the mesiolingual canal orifice: a laboratory analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of using the surgical operating microscope (SOM) for detection of the mesiolingual (ML) canal orifice in extracted first maxillary permanent molars. One hundred and eight human first maxillary permanent molars were randomly selected and mounted onto a dental chair mannequin. Conventional access cavity was prepared and an attempt was made to locate the mesiolingual canal orifice using only a sharp explorer, a mirror and a #10 K-file. A mesiolingual canal orifice was either located or not located. If not located, the teeth were then evaluated by using a surgical operating microscope (SOM). The mesiobuccal roots of all teeth where the ML canal orifice had not been located were sectioned in an axial plane and the sections were explored with an adjunctive use of the SOM at a 25 X magnification. ML canal orifices were detected in 58 teeth using only a sharp explorer, a mirror and #10 K-file. In the remaining 50 teeth, 37 ML canal orifices were located by using the SOM and 3 ML canal orifices were located after root sectioning. In 10 teeth, the ML canal orifices were not found. The results of this study showed a high incidence of a ML canal in the mesiobuccal roots of the first maxillary molars (90.7%) and demonstrated that the adjunctive use of the SOM increased the ability of the dental clinician to locate the ML canal orifice

A Universidade de Brasília promotora de saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19

Instituto de Psicologia (IP)Departamento de Psicologia Clínica (IP PCL

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Reduction of cardiac imaging tests during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Italy. Findings from the IAEA Non-invasive Cardiology Protocol Survey on COVID-19 (INCAPS COVID)

Background: In early 2020, COVID-19 massively hit Italy, earlier and harder than any other European country. This caused a series of strict containment measures, aimed at blocking the spread of the pandemic. Healthcare delivery was also affected when resources were diverted towards care of COVID-19 patients, including intensive care wards. Aim of the study: The aim is assessing the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac imaging in Italy, compare to the Rest of Europe (RoE) and the World (RoW). Methods: A global survey was conducted in May–June 2020 worldwide, through a questionnaire distributed online. The survey covered three periods: March and April 2020, and March 2019. Data from 52 Italian centres, a subset of the 909 participating centres from 108 countries, were analyzed. Results: In Italy, volumes decreased by 67% in March 2020, compared to March 2019, as opposed to a significantly lower decrease (p &lt; 0.001) in RoE and RoW (41% and 40%, respectively). A further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 summed up to 76% for the North, 77% for the Centre and 86% for the South. When compared to the RoE and RoW, this further decrease from March 2020 to April 2020 in Italy was significantly less (p = 0.005), most likely reflecting the earlier effects of the containment measures in Italy, taken earlier than anywhere else in the West. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic massively hit Italy and caused a disruption of healthcare services, including cardiac imaging studies. This raises concern about the medium- and long-term consequences for the high number of patients who were denied timely diagnoses and the subsequent lifesaving therapies and procedures